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(共29张PPT)
Unit 4
Unit 4
Friends forever
Attributive clauses (1)
To know what an attributive clause is.
To learn how to combine two relevant sentences into an attributive clause.
To learn the usage of that, which, who, whom, whose in attributive clauses.
subject
verb
object
predicative
direct object
indirect object
object complement
main elements
adverbial
attribute
used to modify a word or sentence
句子成分
e.g. the digital age
true personal information
something to do working people
two ball pen Tom’s mum
定语 — 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则常后置。
Attribute
上面例子中的定语是由不同的词或短语构成，若是换成一个句子呢？
若换成句子之后，如何把原来的句子和新加入的句子(从句)连接成一句话？
这两句话之间的关系是什么？
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a We can … stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests …
1
“Who” refers to “people” in sentence (b).
2. What does “who” refer to in sentence (b)
What does “that” refer to in sentence (a)
“That” refers to “the people” in sentence (a).
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c We can … stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them.
d The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interests …
3. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
Sentences (a) and (b) both contain a clause defining a noun in each sentence.
Sentences (c) and (d) are each constructed with a pair of simple sentences, with one defining a noun that appears in the other sentence in each pair.
4. Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage
Because there is a closer link and connection between “people” and the clause defining it in sentences (a) and (b). It also makes the passage clearer, and creates an emphatic effect on the people or things being defined.
5. What other words are used to introduce attributive clauses What do they refer to
Other words used to introduce attributive clauses include “which”, “whom” and “whose”. They can refer to an object or a thing, a person as the object of an action and the relationship of belonging.
Now look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
1. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
2. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
3. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.
定语从句
定语从句是由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰某个名词或代词。其功能相当于形容词，被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。
关系词三个功能
1. The people who / that called yesterday want to buy the house.
本句中先行词是 the people；关系代词who指人，代替 the people，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
翻译：昨天打电话来的那些人想买这栋房子。
2. The man (whom / who / that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
本句先行词是 the man，关系代词共有四种表达。whom，who，that均可指人。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，故本句关系代词的四种选择皆可以。
翻译：我不得不致电的那个人住在加拿大。
3. She was not in the train which / that arrived just now.
本句中先行词是the train，关系代词which / that 均可用于指物，代替the train，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
翻译：她不在刚刚到的那列火车上。
4. This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
本句中先行词为 the book，关系代词 that / which指物，代替 the book，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，故本句关系代词有三种选择。
翻译：这就是你想要的那本书。
5. The house whose door is painted blue has been sold.
本句中先行词为 the house，关系代词 whose指物，代替 the house，并在定语从句中作定语。
翻译：门被漆成蓝色的那栋房子已经售出了。
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
人，物
物
人
人
人或物的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省略
作宾语可省略
作宾语可省略
可省略
不可省略
请根据以上例句，完成关系代词用法表。
The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (2024高考新课标I卷)
which / that
用合适的关系词填空。
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
2
Lucy is my friend. she has a hearing problem. when she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it was difficult to communicate with her. So l learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems (that / which) I can’t solve.
Lucy is a good listener (whom / who / that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems. I can't solve them. When this happens, l always ask Lucy for help. Lucy is a good listener. l enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.
Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Walking group welcomes new members!
Walk and Talk is a group ___________ meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _______ weekends need some excitement.
that/which
whose
3
We are all teenagers _________ love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk ___________ is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone ___________ you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun!
that/who
that/which
whom/who
根据汉语提示用定语从句完成下面短文。
Friendship is a valuable relationship that enriches our lives with support, laughter and shared experiences. However, even in the closest of friendships, there are certain lines 1. ________________ _____________________ (绝对不应该被跨越的).
While it's important to be honest with your friends, sharing negative thoughts about people around them is not a wise move.
that / which should never be crossed
Judging their friends or family members 2. __________________ __________________ (对你的朋友们意义重大的) can be hurtful and likely damage their relationship. It's best to keep your thoughts to yourself.
When your friends tell you a secret, you should maintain their trust although you want to share it with others. Sharing details about your friends' lives can be harmful and can put you in a dangerous position. Keep in mind that anything 3. ____________ ( 你说的) can come back, so respect the privacy ( 隐私) of your friends.
who / that mean a lot to your friends
(that) you say
It's not uncommon for best friends to joke with each other. However, for those 4. ____________________________________ __________________________________________( 被外貌困扰着的), think carefully before you make fun of their looks, no matter how harmless the joke seems. Your jokes can have lasting effects on their self-esteem (自尊).
who / that are troubled with their appearance / whose appearance troubles them
Write a passage about your friend(s), trying to use some attributive clauses in your sentences.
Preview Vocabulary, Listening and speaking.

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