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板块一 阅读
专题一 阅读理解
第二讲　推理判断题
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推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的梳理和细节的推敲，作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生分析上下文逻辑关系的能力以及综合推理能力。题目所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生不仅理解字面内容，更要梳理信息间的隐含联系，通过批判性思维和逻辑推导，挖掘文本的未尽之意。纵观近几年高考真题，推断隐含信息、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断文章出处/类型、读者对象、后续内容和写作手法为低频考点。
导航
题型解读
随堂演练
专题强化练(三)　阅读理解之推理判断题
专题强化练(四)　阅读理解之推理判断题
专题强化练(六)　阅读理解之推理判断题
专题强化练(二)　阅读理解之细节理解题
专题强化练(五)　阅读理解之推理判断题
题型解读
【题型特点】　隐含信息推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。
【图解技巧】
【典例1】　(2025·全国一卷阅读C)
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion“New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A.They boosted the sales of cars.
B.They turned out largely ineffective.
C.They won government support.
D.They advocated building new parks.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s。
第二步　寻信息句：定位选文第一段最后一句和第二段第一句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的这些抗议活动在很大程度上是无效的。
B
【题型特点】　此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问方式主要有：What is the author's attitude toward...？；What does the author think of...？；How does the author find...？等。
|温馨提示|
近三年高考卷中出现的这类含有前缀的关键词还有oversampled，imperfect，unnecessary，unexpected，reconsider，unhurt，unavoidable，uneventful，unfortunate，uncomfortable，unafraid，misbehave，unwanted，unaccompanied等。
观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者或文中人物的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
|温馨提示|
支持、肯定 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的；approving赞成的；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的
反对、否定 disapproving不赞成的；impractical不切实际的；prejudiced有成见的；critical批评的；negative否定的
中立、客观 objective客观的；neutral中立的；indifferent漠然的；unconcerned漠不关心的
【图解技巧】
【典例2】　(2025·浙江1月卷阅读B)
I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions.“Feeding is a long game，”says Markey.“The food you have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it，they're seeing it.And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A.Costly.　　　　　 B.Complex.
C.Workable. D.Contradictory.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干中的关键词为think of the strategies。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：选文中的“they do make better decisions”表明，她遵循的这些策略是有效果的。
C
【典例3】　(2024·全国甲卷阅读C)
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic check-ups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31.What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：
关键信息1：形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻。
关键信息2：形容词little和focused and very concerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空间里，但仍然保持专注和关切。
关键信息3：形容词the best，说明他们服务很好。
归纳人物态度：综合以上分析可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务是赞赏的。
A
1
【题型特点】　各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问方式主要有：What is the author's purpose in writing this passage？；What is the purpose of this text？；What is the author's purpose in mentioning...？；What is the purpose of...mentioned in paragraph...？等。
【图解技巧】
【典例4】　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of“narrow-AI”to Artificial General Intelligence.From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place.She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it.
35.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To recommend a book on AI.
B.To give a brief account of AI history.
C.To clarify the definition of AI.
D.To honor an outstanding AI expert.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为purpose in writing the text。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
A
第三步　比对答案和信息句：
Para.1：总体介绍了一本书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》。
Para.2：介绍了这本书的作者的背景和写作特点。
Paras.3－4：概述了这本书的主要论点及其意义。
Para.5：总结全文，再次强烈推荐这本关于人工智能的书籍。
【题型特点】　一般来讲，文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和内容来推断，题干中常出现“taken from，come from，part，section”等词(组)。
【图解技巧】
【典例5】　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world ...
In this“book of books，”artworks are selected and arranged...
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智)，wealth or faith of the subject...
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated...a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line”activity.
28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
[自主解答] ______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为taken from。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：根据原文的首尾段和中间各段的首句可知，本文是关于一本书的介绍。再根据文章的语言风格可判断，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
A
【典例6】　(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)
In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
...
In Wickenden's book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff，on her horse，looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes，coyotes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.”
27.What is the text
A.A news report.　　 B.A book review.
C.A children's story. D.A diary entry.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：What is the text。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：本文简要介绍了Wickenden写的一部书的内容，并对其进行了评价，所以是一篇书评。
B
随堂演练
A
(2025·江西萍乡三模)In 2023，an appeal by actress Joanna Lumley to free the UK's 50 caged elephants was turned down by the CEO of Chester Zoo.He claimed that modern zoos are“enlightened”places，a million miles away from how they were half a century ago，and crucial to conservation.
Is he right We should perhaps start by pointing out what he does not say: that elephants do suffer in zoos.It is hard to avoid the fact that these places still make animals miserable，particularly large and intelligent ones.Elephants，big cats and primates clearly do not enjoy captivity (圈养).
Even airy modern enclosures decorated with grassy slopes and pretty vines cannot hope to provide exactly the same natural surroundings.Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young.A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs.In 2000，a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives.
Defenders of modern zoos tend to say that these animals' sad lives serve a higher cause.At the price of one caged elephant，we can save many more in the wild，and meanwhile nurture generations of animal lovers，who might one day become conservationists themselves.
But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists Unlikely.After all，conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species，or the right to use them as we will.But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed.
“Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy reproductions，”wrote John Berger.It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow creatures but things.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代动物园不能为动物提供适宜的生存环境，动物园违背了教育作用。
1.What does the CEO of Chester Zoo think of modern zoos
A.They are prisons for animals.
B.They are habitable for animals.
C.They are too remote for animals to live.
D.They are unchanged from 50 years ago.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He claimed that modern zoos are‘enlightened’places...and crucial to conservation.”可知，切斯特动物园的CEO认为现代动物园适合动物居住。故选B。
2.Why does the author mention the drug use phenomenon in zoos
A.To prove zoo animals' suffering.
B.To criticize the management.
C.To imitate natural ecosystems.
D.To highlight animals' carefree lives.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young...were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives.”可推知，作者提到动物园中使用药物的现象是为了证明动物园动物的痛苦。故选A。
3.How does the author defend his view according to paragraph 5
A.By listing zoo success stories.
B.By emphasizing animal freedom.
C.By quoting expert opinions.
D.By comparing conflicting values.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第五段“But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists Unlikely.After all...But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed.”可知，作者在第五段中通过比较相互冲突的价值观来捍卫自己的观点。故选D。
4.What can be implied from the text
A.Zoos strengthen family bonds.
B.Zoos enhance wildlife conservation.
C.Zoos go against the educational role.
D.Zoos weaken humans' domination over animals.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，成年人带孩子去动物园，孩子们在那里了解到的是，动物不是同类，而是事物，由此可以暗示，动物园违背了教育作用。故选C。
B
(2025·河北邢台二模)For humans，aging is unavoidable.But axolotls (蝾螈)，those cute smiling animals of pop culture fame，seemingly avoid this fate to a point.
In a phenomenon called“neoteny”，axolotls never outgrow their initial stage，looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful，with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics，but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases，and they can regenerate their limbs，tails，and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan.For that reason，human-bred axolotls，which are a light pink in color，are common research subjects for biologists，who have long been fascinated by their ability to fight aging.
Now，a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures.Their bodies stop one of the key mechanisms of aging — the epigenetic clock (表观遗传时钟)—when they're just four years old.An epigenetic clock estimates an animal's age based on how life events，such as stress or diet，turns its genes on and off.If an animal has experienced a lot of physical and mental pain，for instance，its epigenetic or biological age，could be much older than its real age.
The findings could be one more step in the long quest to discover effective anti-aging treatments for humans，such as reducing inflammation (炎症)，according to the study published on bioRxiv，a website where studies are posted without peer review.Chasing youth is a popular goal: The anti-aging market，valued at $40 billion，is estimated to hit $60 billion by 2032.What's more，understanding axolotl genetics could inspire medicines for regenerating cells，muscles，or maybe even arms and legs.
“It is a great leap forward in aging and regeneration，”says James Godwin，an immunologist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Maine who was not involved in the new study.“If the mechanisms can be understood，then many opportunities to improve human health could present themselves.”
The study team examined 180 axolotls from four weeks to 21 years of age.Hopefully，research on large scales is in store for future dedicated scientists.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现蝾螈的身体在四岁时就停止了衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟，这一发现可能使人类在寻找有效的抗衰老治疗方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。
5.What is a feature of axolotls due to “neoteny”？
A.They experience rapid aging.
B.They have a higher risk of disease.
C.They maintain a young appearance.
D.They undergo a few dramatic body changes.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a phenomenon called ‘neoteny’，axolotls never outgrow their initial stage，looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful”可知，由于“幼态持续”，蝾螈保持着年轻的外表，故选C。
6.Which factor of an animal can affect its epigenetic clock
A.Its size. B.Its color.
C.Its habitat. D.Its suffering.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“An epigenetic clock estimates an animal's age based on how life events...could be much older than its real age.”可知，动物遭受的痛苦会影响它的表观遗传时钟，故选D。
7.What does James Godwin think of the study
A.It is thorough.
B.It is promising.
C.It is one-sided.
D.It is misunderstood.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，James Godwin认为这项研究可能会提供许多改善人类健康的机会，所以他认为这项研究很有前途，故选B。
8.What field does the text mainly cover
A.Diet. B.Finance.
C.Psychology. D.Biology.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Now，a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures...when they're just four years old.”可知，文章主要讲述一项研究发现，蝾螈的身体在四岁时就停止了衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟，这一发现可能使人类在寻找有效的抗衰老治疗方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。关键词是衰老和遗传基因，所以文章涉及生物学领域。
A篇 核心 单词 1.crucial adj.至关重要的
2.conservation n.(对自然环境的)保护
3.miserable adj.痛苦的；悲惨的
4.domination n.支配；控制
5.opposing adj.相反的
核心 短语 1.turn down拒绝
2.a million miles away from...
与……截然不同
3.cope with 应对；处理
4.be rooted in植根于，源于
B篇 核心 单词 1.cute adj.可爱的
2.distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的
3.quest n.寻求，探求
熟词 生义 1.decline (生) n.衰退；(熟) n.下降 v.谢绝
2.present (生) vt.提供(机会)；(熟)vt.呈现
核心 短语 1.on large scales大规模地
2.in store for 即将到来
长难句 分析 Not only do they look youthful，with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics，but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases，and they can regenerate their limbs，tails，and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan.
分析：本句为Not only...but also...连接的并列结构，with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics为插入语。
译文：它们不仅外表年轻，拥有羽状结构和独特特征，这种极度濒危的墨西哥物种还几乎不经历生理衰退和疾病，并能在21年的寿命中再生四肢、尾巴甚至其他器官。
专题强化练(三)　阅读理解之
推理判断题
A
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)Jayne Fisher watched anxiously as her 17-year-old daughter Katie pulled her unruly lamb into the arena (竞技场) of the Madison County Junior Livestock Sale.With luck，Katie wouldn't collapse，as she had during a livestock show the day before.
Katie was battling cancer.This was her first chance in months to be outdoors having fun，away from hospitals and chemotherapy treatments，and she had come with high hopes for earning some sizable spending money.She had hesitated a little about her decision to part with the lamb，but with lamb averaging two dollars a pound，Katie was looking forward to a lot more than pocket money.So she centered the lamb for viewing，and the bidding began.
That's when Roger Wilson，the auctioneer，had a sudden inspiration that brought some unexpected results.“We sort of let folks know that Katie had a situation that wasn't too pleasant，” was how he told it.He hoped that his introduction would push the bidding up，at least a little bit.
Well，the lamb sold for $11.50 a pound，but things didn't stop there.The buyer paid up，then decided to give the lamb back so that it could be sold again.
That started a chain reaction，with families buying the animal and giving it back，over and over again.When local businesses started buying and returning，the earnings really began to pile up.The first sale was the only one Katie's mom remembered.After that，she was crying too hard as the crowd kept shouting，“Resell！Resell！”
Katie's lamb was sold 36 times that day，and the last buyer gave it back for good.Katie ended up with more than $16，000 for a fund to pay her medical expenses—and she still got to keep her famous lamb.It is one of the most beautiful compensations of this life that no man can sincerely try to help another without helping himself.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。与癌症作斗争的Katie在一次家畜销售活动中售卖自己的小羊，期待挣得一大笔零花钱。拍卖人将Katie的情况告知了买主们，希望可以提高出价。买主们购买然后送回小羊，最终小羊被卖了36次，Katie获得了超过16 000美元的资金来支付她的医疗费用，而且她还保留了她的小羊。
1.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Katie pulled the lamb to the livestock show to have fun.
B.Katie was actually a bit unwilling to sell her lamb.
C.Katie collected money by showing the lamb in the arena.
D.Katie got enough money for her chemotherapy treatment.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“She had hesitated a little about her decision to part with the lamb”可知，对于是否要卖掉小羊，Katie曾有些犹豫。由此可知，Katie 其实有点不愿意卖掉她的小羊。故选B。
2.What kind of person is Roger Wilson according to the text
A.Friendly and inspiring.
B.Smart and generous.
C.Helpful and sympathetic.
D.Hospitable and respected.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“We sort of let folks know that Katie had a situation that wasn't too pleasant”和“He hoped that his introduction would push the bidding up，at least a little bit.”可知，Roger Wilson想让人们知道Katie遭遇了不好的情况，希望他的介绍可以提高人们的出价。由此可推知，Roger Wilson乐于助人且有同情心。故选C。
3.Which one is the correct order of the story
a.Katie went to sell her lamb.
b.Katie kept her lamb.
c.The lamb was resold for many times.
d.Katie got a cancer.
e.Katie raised money for her treatment.
A.d-a-c-e-b　　　 B.d-a-b-e-c
C.b-e-c-d-a D.a-d-e-b-c
解析　A　细节理解题。第二段首句“Katie was battling cancer.”表明Katie正在与癌症作斗争；第二段尾句“So she centered the lamb for viewing，and the bidding began.”表明Katie要售卖自己的小羊；第四段的“The buyer paid up，then decided to give the lamb back so that it could be sold again.”和第五段的“That started a chain reaction，with families buying the animal and giving it back，over and over again.”表明小羊被多次转卖；第六段的“Katie's lamb was sold 36 times that day...she still got to keep her famous lamb.”讲小羊被卖了36次，最后的买家把它永久地还了回来，Katie最终获得了超过16 000美元的资金来支付她的医疗费用，而且她还保留了她的那只小羊。故选A。
4.What life lesson can we learn from the story
A.Think twice before acting.
B.Rescuers save themselves.
C.Diligence redeems stupidity.
D.Many hands make light work.
解析　D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文描述了人们通过多次购买并送回小羊的行为，帮助 Katie筹集资金来支付癌症治疗费用的故事，展示了集体努力的力量，故选D项“众人拾柴火焰高”。
核心 单词 unruly adj.难以控制(或管理)的，难以驾驭的　livestock n.牲畜，家畜　collapse v.(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒；(突然)倒塌，坍塌　average v.平均为；计算出……的平均数　bidding n.(尤指拍卖中的)出价，喊价；投标
核心 短语 spending money零花钱，零用钱　part with sth (不情愿地)放弃(某物)，舍弃(某物)　pocket money零花钱，零用钱　sort of 有几分，有那么一点　pay up付清　chain reaction (相关事件的)连锁反应，链式反应 pile up堆积，积聚　for good永远
B
(2025·太原学业诊断)Shannon Brescher Shea's nine-year-old son struggled with focus and following directions at home and at school.But after riding his bike，whether around the park or to school，he felt obviously calmer.“We call it moving meditation (冥想)，”says Shea，who is a family biking advocate and author in Maryland.“We saw how incredibly helpful biking was for his focus，emotional regulation and ability to follow directions.”
This experience isn't unique.Research consistently shows that physical activity contributes to improving mental health.“Exercise，no matter your age，is the single best thing you can do for every organ in your body，including your brain，” says Allan Reiss，a professor and director of the Division of Interdisciplinary of Brain Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.
And while any exercise helps，a growing body of research shows bicycling is among the activities that might provide even more of a mental health boost.Scientists aren't yet sure why，but it might have something to do with all the functional skills cyclists use.“You need to maintain your balance and process a lot of information from your environment，like deciding whether you can squeeze past a tree or how hard you need to brake，”says Reiss.“Most importantly，you've got to coordinate (协调)，sense，process，integrate，regulate，and continually make decisions.”
According to Reiss，“Research suggests that physical activity like cycling likely encourages new cell growth in areas of the brain linked to memory and problem-solving，and can support stronger connections between neurons (神经元)，ultimately impacting memory and learning.”
Luckily，it's not too hard to get on a bike for most people.You should focus on the fun.To ensure riders don't get tired too quickly (or too bored)，build in a fun stop rather than make the ride the single focus.Self-paced exploration and adventure are key to the ride.The benefits of cycling can multiply when it becomes a social project.In neighborhoods where bike lanes or other safe-to-ride pathways exist，organizing a group ride with friends might be just the ticket to less stressed，more relaxed individuals.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，骑自行车可能是更能促进心理健康的活动之一，文章分析了其原因，并给出了让骑自行车变得更有趣的建议。
5.What does the author want to stress using Shea's son's example
A.The advantage of regular physical exercise.
B.The positive effect of riding on mental health.
C.The importance of leading a relaxing lifestyle.
D.Possibilities that any disease can be cured.
解析　B　推理判断题。第一段第一句讲Shea的儿子在家和学校都很难集中注意力，也很难听从指示，接着But表示转折，强调在骑完自行车后，Shea的儿子明显感到平静多了。再结合第一段最后一句可知，骑自行车对Shea的儿子的注意力、情绪调节和听从指示的能力有很大帮助。由此可知，作者使用Shea的儿子的例子是为了强调骑自行车对心理健康的积极影响。故选B。
6.Why does cycling boost mental health more according to Reiss
A.It needs better integrated coordination abilities.
B.Its outdoor exposure helps improve the mood state.
C.It needs repetitive movement to help calm the mind.
D.Its sense of freedom and exploration helps mind grow.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段Reiss说的话可知，Reiss认为骑自行车的人需要保持平衡，处理来自环境的大量信息，最重要的是，骑自行车的人必须协调、感知、处理、整合、调节，并不断做出决定。由此可知，骑自行车需要更好的综合协调能力。故选A。
7.What is the function of the quoted statement in paragraph 4
A.Presenting experiments. B.Explaining concepts.
C.Providing evidence. D.Offering suggestions.
解析　C　推理判断题。第四段的引语提到，研究表明，像骑自行车这样的体育活动可能会促进大脑中与记忆和解决问题有关的区域的新细胞生长，并能支持神经元之间更强的联系，最终影响记忆和学习。第三段的“a growing body of research shows bicycling is among the activities that might provide even more of a mental health boost”提到，越来越多的研究表明，骑自行车可能是更能促进心理健康的活动之一。由此可知，第四段引语从科学研究的角度分析了骑自行车为什么会促进心理健康，为上文的研究结果提供证据。故选C。
8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Cycling with partners is recommended.
B.Nonstop cycling makes the most of the ride.
C.Purchasing tickets for a group ride is essential.
D.Bike lane construction is promoted by communities.
解析　A　推理判断题。最后一段的“The benefits of cycling can multiply when it becomes a social project...more relaxed individuals.”表明，当骑自行车成为一项社会项目时，它的好处会成倍增加，在有自行车道或其他安全骑行路径的社区里，组织一次和朋友一起的集体骑行可能正是所需要的，可以让人感到更放松。由此可知，作者建议与小伙伴一起骑自行车。故选A。
核心 单词 advocate n.拥护者；支持者；提倡者v.拥护；支持；提倡　unique adj.独特的，罕见的；独一无二的　consistently adv.一直地；连续地　boost n.激励；提高v.使增长，使兴旺
maintain v.维持，保持　process v.处理(信息)　squeeze v.(使)挤入，挤过，塞入　integrate v.(使)合并，成为一体　problem-solving n.解决问题　multiply v.成倍增加；乘，乘以
核心 短语 a body of...大量的……　have sth to do with同……有关　be linked to sth与……有关　build in将……设计在内，融入　be just the ticket正是所需要的东西
C
(2025·湖北十一校第一次联考)In these days of electronic everything，you'd think that most businesses wouldn't be using paper cheques (支票) any more.In fact，for most businesses，paper cheques are still a thing.As many as one in three business deals are paid this way and 81% of firms in the US are still using paper cheques to settle some of their bills.
Stop the eye-rolling because，yeah，we know electronic payments are quicker to make，authorise and complete，and they're easier to track and report.They save paper and are good for the environment.They're more secure，efficient and cost less.They can be made and approved from anywhere.A growing number of businesses not only prefer electronic payments，but are requiring customers to do this.Even Microsoft recently announced that it would no longer accept paper cheques from its partners.
But still...I'm going to miss the paper cheque.I've always enjoyed the circumstance of the biweekly cheque run and the grandest part is the final approval evidenced by the ultimate proof of authority：the signature.Some of my clients take delight in the opportunity to examine and sign every cheque because there's no better example of power than this.Paper cheques are not only a written form of contracts favoured by firms throughout history but also a form of marketing where companies can proudly display their logos.They are clear evidence of stability and reliability.
Unfortunately，the writing is on the wall for the paper cheque.And that makes me sad.According to the Small Business Administration，the majority of small business owners are over the age of 50.We grew up with Swanson TV Dinners，hockey without helmets (头盔) and appointed smoking sections in airplanes.We'll retire and younger generations will bury us along with our chequebooks.
We know this will unavoidably change.For now，many businesses in the US are still relying on paper cheques to pay.Yes，they're inefficient and costlier.But please be patient.Allow me to have this one little enjoyment while it lasts.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。电子支付有诸多好处，越来越多的企业不仅喜欢电子支付，而且还要求客户使用电子支付。尽管电子支付日益普及，但纸质支票因其历史和情感价值仍被一些企业和个人所偏好。
9.What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1
A.Doing business is increasingly difficult.
B.Everything is going electronic in the US.
C.Paper cheques are still in use in business.
D.Most American firms fail to pay the bills.
解析　C　细节理解题。第一段讲“在一切都是电子化的今天，你可能会认为大多数企业不会再使用纸质支票了。事实上，对大多数企业来说，纸质支票仍然是一种重要的东西。多达三分之一的商业交易是以这种方式支付的，美国81%的公司仍在使用纸质支票来结算部分账单”。由此可知，第一段描述的现象是纸质支票在商业中仍在使用。故选C。
10.What does Microsoft's decision indicate
A.The growing trend of shifting to electronic payments.
B.The change in forms of cooperation in big companies.
C.The potential comeback of paper cheques in the market.
D.The popularity of electronic payments among customers.
解析　A　推理判断题。第二段讲电子支付的进行、授权和完成速度更快，而且更容易去跟踪和报告，它们节省纸张，对环境友好，更安全、更高效且成本更低，它们可以在任何地方被制作和批准，越来越多的企业不仅喜欢电子支付，而且要求客户也使用电子支付。接着作者以微软为例，表明其最近宣布将不再接受合作伙伴的纸质支票，借此来说明电子支付日益普及。故选A。
11.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A.Defend his preference.
B.Introduce a new concept.
C.Call for readers' support.
D.Promote an old tradition.
解析　A　推理判断题。第三段中的“But still...I'm going to miss the paper cheque.”表明尽管电子支付越来越普及，但作者想念纸质支票。接下来作者列举了一系列自己喜欢纸质支票的原因，如客户可以借助纸质支票来彰显权力，公司可以在纸质支票上展示自己的标志来营销自己，纸质支票是稳定和可靠的明显证据。由此可推知，作者是在为自己对纸质支票的喜爱进行辩护。故选A。
12.Why does the author mention Swanson TV Dinners and hockey without helmets
A.To emphasize the outdated nature of past trends.
B.To show his attachment to old-school practices.
C.To stress his resistance to technological changes.
D.To suggest the reliability of traditional methods.
解析　B　推理判断题。 第四段前两句表明纸质支票终将被淘汰，作者对此感到伤心，接着作者讲，大多数小企业主年龄在50岁以上，是伴随Swanson TV Dinners和不戴头盔的曲棍球等旧派事物长大的，支票簿将随着这些人的退休而被年轻一代埋葬。由此可知，作者提及Swanson TV Dinners和不戴头盔的曲棍球是为了表达对纸质支票终将被淘汰的伤心，彰显自己对旧派事物的依恋。故选B。
核心 单词 electronic adj.电子的，电子器件的；电子设备的　eye-rolling n.翻白眼(通常因为恼火、不相信或不赞成)　track v.(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪，追踪　biweekly adj.两周一次的；一周两次的　evidence v.证明，表明 n.证明，证据　signature n.签名，署名　contract n.合同，合约，契约　costly adj.花钱多的，昂贵的，价钱高的
熟词 生义 settle (Para.1)常用义：v.结束(争论)，和解；定居；确定，安排好　文章义：v.结清，结算
核心 短语 take delight in (doing) sth以(做)某事为乐
专题强化练(四)　阅读理解之
推理判断题
A
(2025·湖北三地市质检)I switched to a flip phone (翻盖手机).It vastly improved my life.I felt empty and frustrated at how much time I spent on my smartphone.So I spent the last five years steadily stripping my phone down to the basics.Social media was the first to go，then email，then news apps，and then even the Internet browsers.
I long considered switching to a flip phone，but I always found an excuse to stay.Ultimately it was two of my students，15- and 18-year-old sisters，who pushed me over the edge.Word spread around school that they had bought flip phones.If they were brave enough to take the plunge，I could，too.I spent $9 on a flip phone，plus $120 for a year of unlimited talk and text on a new number.For the last five months，I haven't carried a smartphone with me，just my flip phone.
This is the charming，romantic side of owning a flip phone：more conversations，more eye contact，more connection.The separation between work and life is much more noticeable.I don't overthink work emails all day，since I no longer carry my work email in my pocket.I am living more like my creative，curious，phone-free children.
This all sounds wonderful because it is wonderful.And now it's confession time：I still have my smartphone.As it turns out，our addiction to smartphones is not just on an individual level.Intentionally or not，we have built structures that depend upon smartphone access，making it an essential feature of modern life.While most of the flip phone inconveniences are charming，some of them are so frustrating that they make you want to pull your hair out.
Despite that，I will continue to use a flip phone as my primary phone so I don't have to carry a smartphone with me.And I will continue to evangelize for it.I hope many others get flip phones.We will all be better for it.If nothing else，it'll be nice to have more people to talk to in the grocery line.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者改用翻盖手机后生活得到极大改善并描述了改用翻盖手机的原因、好处以及与智能手机相比，使用翻盖手机的不便，并总结将继续使用翻盖手机作为自己的主要手机，还建议更多人能使用翻盖手机。
1.What drove the author to switch to a flip phone
A.Disturbance of social media.
B.Time overspent on his smartphone.
C.Inspiration from his students.
D.Negative feelings to smartphones.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ultimately it was two of my students...I could，too.”可知，是作者的两个学生推动作者下定决心换成翻盖手机。故选C。
2.What happened after the author used a flip phone
A.He got less work assignments.
B.He had more interaction with people.
C.He spent more time with his children.
D.He lived a more romantic life.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，使用翻盖手机的好处是有更多谈话、更多眼神交流和更多的联系。由此可知，使用翻盖手机后，作者与人们有了更多的交流。故选B。
3.Why is it difficult to stop using smartphones completely nowadays
A.They serve as a vital tool.
B.They make people overthink.
C.They represent the modern life.
D.They bring people much profit.
解析　A　推理判断题。 根据第四段的“Intentionally or not，we have built structures that depend upon smartphone access，making it an essential feature of modern life.”可知，无论有意与否，人们已经建立了依赖智能手机访问的结构，使其成为现代生活的基本特征，即在现代社会，智能手机是人们生活中必不可少的一部分，是一个极其重要的工具。故选A。
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To advise readers to use a flip phone.
B.To advocate living without a smartphone.
C.To inform readers of a flip phone's advantages.
D.To stress the disadvantages of having a smartphone.
解析　A　写作意图题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段的“And I will continue to evangelize for it.I hope many others get flip phones.”可知，作者改用翻盖手机后生活得到极大改善。虽然翻盖手机有诸多不便，但作者会继续使用翻盖手机作为自己的主要手机，并将继续为它宣传，作者希望更多人能使用翻盖手机。由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是建议读者使用翻盖手机。故选A。
核心 单词 vastly adv.非常，极大地　steadily adv.稳步地，稳定地；沉稳地，镇定地　strip v.除去，剥去；脱光衣服 n.(纸、金属、织物等)条，带；(陆地、海域等)狭长地带　charming adj.迷人的，有魅力的，有吸引力的　overthink v.过度思虑，考虑时间过长　essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的；最基本的，本质的
熟词 生义 (1)empty (Para.1)常用义：adj.空的　文章义：adj.空虚的，无意义的
(2)word (Para.2)常用义：n.单词，字　文章义：n.信息，消息
核心 短语 push sb over the edge推动，促使(达到某程度或状态)　take the plunge (尤指经过长时间思考之后)决定奋力一搏，决定冒险一试　eye contact对视，目光接触　pull one's hair out (尤因不知怎么办而)极其绝望，(因焦急、愤怒而)撕扯自己的头发
B
(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)Artificial intelligence — or AI — is the computer code that allows a machine to do something that normally requires a human brain.On Blog，for instance，AI sorts the posts so that the first ones you see are likely to be those you'd prefer.But before AI can do any of that，developers must train it.And the training consumes energy.
AI training is powered mostly by fossil fuels，according to one of the largest studies of its kind.Less than 25 percent of AI uses low-carbon energy sources such as hydroelectricity and nuclear power during training.In fact，researchers now worry that training's appetite for energy could soon become a huge problem.The energy to develop AI comes out of the electrical net.And in most parts of the world，making electricity emits (排放) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.
Language-processing AI systems learn by devouring (吞食) texts in a particular language.This might include “reading” everything ever published online in some language，including libraries full of old books that have been digitalized.Such data-intensive training uses a lot of energy.To translate between English and Chinese，for example，an AI model may deal with millions or even billions of translated books and articles.In this way，it learns which words and phrases match.Later，when given a new text，it recommends its own translation.
In 2019，researchers calculated the impact of developing the AI model named Transformer.It released a massive 626，000 pounds of carbon dioxide.That's equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.
Today，most AI development happens at data centers.These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent of US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use.Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人工智能给人们的生活带来了很多便利，但是开发人工智能需要消耗大量能源，会向空气中排放二氧化碳和其他温室气体。
5.What is AI training mainly energized by
A.Fossil fuels.　　 B.Solar energy.
C.Nuclear energy. D.Greenhouse gases.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AI training is powered mostly by fossil fuels”可知，人工智能训练主要由化石燃料提供动力。故选A。
6.What do we know about the language-processing AI systems
A.They process limited texts.
B.They will replace translators.
C.They seldom read digital books.
D.They are energy-consuming.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Language-processing AI systems learn...a lot of energy.”可知，语言处理人工智能系统通过吞食特定语言的文本来学习。这可能包括“阅读”网上用某种语言出版的所有东西，包括涵盖了已数字化旧书的系列丛书。这种数据密集型训练需要消耗大量能源。故选D。
7.Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4
A.To highlight its significance.
B.To speak highly of AI's power.
C.To demonstrate researchers' creativity.
D.To stress its effect on the environment.
解析　D　写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，2019年，研究人员推测了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了626 000磅的二氧化碳，这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体。提到Transformer是为了强调它对环境的影响。故选D。
8.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.AI's development poses a threat to data centers.
B.The energy consumption of AI can't be ignored.
C.AI is effectively transforming the way we learn.
D.People should take action to reduce gas emissions.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，大多数人工智能开发都在数据中心进行。这些充满电脑的建筑占美国用电量的2%，占全球用电量的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警告。由此可推断，人工智能的能耗是不容忽视的。故选B。
核心 单词 artificial adj.人工的，人造的；假的　intelligence n.智力，才智，智慧　consume v.消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)　appetite n.强烈欲望；食欲，胃口　digitalize v.(使数据)数字化　calculate v.推测，计算
impact n.巨大影响，强大作用　release v.释放，放出，放走
熟词 生义 sound (Para.5) 常用义：n.声音，响声　文章义：v.鸣警报，拉响警报，发出警报
核心 短语 deal with处理；应对　be equal to 相等，等于　account for占比，占据
C
(2025·武汉调研)To the dynamic beat of Aretha Franklin's songs，families sit in the crowd at the hall of Horace Mann Middle School here. They are waiting，slightly anxious. These families are participating in a one-of-a-kind program called Spark.
The meeting will pair students with volunteer apprentice(学徒) teachers. Lawyers，hair stylists，and software developers will meet up with students who have selected their occupations as the ones they would most like to learn about. Spark apprenticeships provide workplace experiences that bring economically disadvantaged teens into contact with a world they have probably only imagined.
Nationally，some 30 percent of US high school students drop out.“While improved curricula(课程)，better teaching，and modern equipment may be part of the solution，you have to have the relevance，” says Mr Balme about his Spark program.
The gap between those worlds—one of limited expectations and hardship，the other of success and prosperity (繁荣)—hit Balme one day when he was volunteering as a science teacher at a public school in Philadelphia. He was also studying at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
The public school was in bad shape，with a high dropout rate. While walking back to the Wharton School，Balme realized he was “seeing all these resources，and yet those kids had no idea what was right there all around them”. That's when everything fell into place. The problem and the solution were right next to each other. In 2004，he and Melia Dicker founded Spark.
Apprenticeships are “not rocket science”，says Holly Depatie，Spark's board chair. But other coaching programs，such as Boys and Girls Clubs of America，while pairing youngsters with adults，don't specifically target learning about jobs. So far，Spark has created more than 700 apprenticeships in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。为了解决教育资源不平衡的问题，Spark 项目通过将学生与志愿者学徒教师配对，提供工作场所经历，帮助经济上处于不利地位的青少年接触不同职业，减少辍学率。
9.How does Spark help the students
A.By updating teaching equipment.
B.By offering hands-on experiences.
C.By financing young apprentices.
D.By improving school curricula.
解析　B　细节理解题。 根据第二段内容尤其是其中的“Spark apprenticeships provide workplace experiences... probably only imagined.”可知，Spark项目通过将经济上处于不利地位的青少年与他们感兴趣的行业联系起来，提供工作场所的经历。因此，Spark通过提供实际的工作经历来帮助学生。
10.What is the major drive for Balme to set up Spark
A.The dropout rate of US high schools.
B.The prosperity in famous universities.
C.The expectation of disadvantaged teens.
D.The imbalance in educational resources.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The gap between those worlds—one of limited expectations and hardship，the other of success and prosperity (繁荣)—hit Balme”和第五段首句可知，教育资源的不平衡促使他和 Melia Dicker在2004年创立了 Spark。因此，教育资源的不平衡是 Balme 创立 Spark 的主要动力。D项的imbalance与文中的gap为同义转换。
11.Which word best describes Balme
A.Reserved. B.Grateful.
C.Observant. D.Modest.
解析　C　推理判断题。文章中提到，Balme在费城的一所公立学校担任科学教师时，注意到了学校资源匮乏和学生辍学率高的问题。他通过观察周围环境，意识到学生们不知道周围的资源。这种敏锐的观察力促使他创立了Spark。
12.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.To show Spark's distinction.
B.To justify similar programs.
C.To tackle Spark's challenge.
D.To criticize current situations.
解析　A　写作意图题。最后一段提到，Spark的学徒计划与其他类似的辅导计划不同，因为Spark专门针对职业学习，而其他计划虽然也将年轻人与成年人配对，但不特别针对职业学习。因此，作者的目的是展示Spark的独特之处。
核心单词 dynamic adj.(事物) 有活力的；动态的　occupation n. 职业　economically adv. 经济地，在经济上　disadvantaged adj. 条件差的，弱势的　nationally adv.全国性地relevance n. 相关性　hardship n. 艰难，困苦
specifically adv. 特意，专门地；明确地，具体地
熟词生义 pair (Para.2) 常用义：n.一对，一双 文章义：v.使成对，配对
核心短语 meet up with 与(某人)会面　drop out 辍学　in bad shape 状况不佳　fall into place 明朗化，变得清晰
难句分析 Spark apprenticeships provide workplace experiences that bring economically disadvantaged teens into contact with a world they have probably only imagined. (Para.2)
分析：本句为主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 experiences，从句中they have...imagined 为省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词 a world。
译文：Spark 学徒期提供了工作场所经历，让经济状况不佳的青少年接触到一个他们可能只想象过的世界。
专题强化练(五)　阅读理解之
推理判断题
A
(2025·长春第一次质检)“Turn off，tune out and drop in.” That's the message to customers at a Dutch digital detox (脱瘾治疗) cafe who are paying for the privilege of leaving their phones at the door.The Offline Club，which began life in Amsterdam，offers an oasis (乐土) of calm and pause from the constant digital busyness of life lived through the black glass of a smartphone.It creates moments of quiet reflection，and encourages conversations with strangers instead of endless keyboard arguments hammered out 280 characters at a time.
With board games，a piano and books on hand，the idea is to swap recharging your device for refilling your soul，even for just a few hours.Aided by words spreading on social media，the club has already branched out to multiple cities across the Netherlands，and is now ready for an international launch.
“People love it：they tell us this is exactly what they've been waiting for; they can't believe it didn't exist already，” says co-founder Ilya Kneppelhout.“A girl called Belinda who struggled with stress and anxiety told us she hadn't felt so at peace with herself in a year and a half.”
Customers switch between time to themselves and time to connect.“People don't just pay to get rid of their phones—they're also paying to meet others，” says Kneppelhout.“We live in quite an isolated world where we're more connected online，but in the physical world，it's hard to meet people.”
He's already had a group of digital downtime followers in the UK，where Georgina Sturmer，who has worked with clients experiencing over-dependence on phones，points out another benefit of a switched-off society.“We are constantly at risk of having every word or image captured and shared，” she says.“This sense of being endlessly photographed is something that has come with these devices being in our lives so much.Wouldn't it be great to feel safe knowing it doesn't matter if we're having a bad hair day，or don't really like our outfit？”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。为了鼓励人们戒除电子产品瘾，多与陌生人进行面对面交流，荷兰人发明了数字戒瘾咖啡馆。这种咖啡馆效果明显，受到越来越多人的青睐。
1.What can we know about the Dutch digital detox cafe
A.It is the first cafe in Amsterdam.
B.The interaction among people is advocated.
C.Only black smartphones are allowed there.
D.Customers have to type 280 characters non-stop.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“encourages conversations with strangers instead of endless keyboard arguments hammered out 280 characters at a time”可知，该咖啡馆鼓励与陌生人交谈，而不是无休止的键盘争论。故选B。
2.How did the cafe become more and more popular
A.By media's advertising.
B.By netizens' commenting online.
C.By employees' handing out leaflets.
D.By customers' word-of-mouth promoting.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Aided by words spreading on social media...the Netherlands”可知，在社交媒体上人们的话语的宣传下，这家俱乐部已经扩展到荷兰多个城市。所以它是通过社交媒体上人们的评论而变得越来越受欢迎的。故选B。
3.Why is Belinda mentioned in the third paragraph
A.To show the effect of the cafe.
B.To explain the cause of her anxiety.
C.To stress the seriousness of her situation.
D.To introduce the problem of modern people.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A girl called Belinda...she hadn't felt so at peace with herself in a year and a half.”可知，Belinda一直在与压力和焦虑作斗争，但在最近一年半的时间里从未如此平静过，即咖啡馆对她产生了积极效果。故选A。
4.What is Georgina Sturmer's attitude towards the cafe
A.Ambiguous.　　　 B.Concerned.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
解析　C　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段尤其是其中的“points out another benefit of a switched-off society”可知，Georgina Sturmer认为咖啡馆能带来好处。故选C。
核心单词 privilege n.特权；优惠待遇
constant adj.连续发生的，不断的，重复的
multiple adj.数量多的，多种多样的　launch n.(事件的)发起；(产品的)上市　switch v.交换，调换，转换，对调　client n.客户　capture v.拍摄，录制，绘制
核心短语 swap...for...用……换取……　branch out朝新的方向拓展　get rid of摆脱；消除
B
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)The Amur leopard is a leopard subspecies that has adapted to the East Asian environment near the Amur River，which runs through eastern Russia and along the northern border of China.Because of human activities such as mining，logging，road building，population growth，and poaching，the Amur leopard population dropped substantially in the 1970s.In the years since，conservation efforts have increased the population to be around 40 individuals in China and 70 in Russia.However，the effects of climate change are worsening the threats that this critically endangered species faces.
Amur leopards live in coniferous-deciduous (松柏科落叶) forests，where they rarely share territory and hunt alone for small animals.Although much of their habitat is now designated as national parks，rising temperatures and dry conditions driven by climate change have led to increased fires that—combined with human activities and landscape fragmentation—have reduced the leopards' territory and increased infant death rates.The spread of wildfires and increased temperatures have increased deforestation.Together with increased hunting of deer and wild boars by humans，this ecosystem degradation has led to reduced ungulate prey and more competition between Amur leopards and Amur tigers.As a result，the predators invade villages and prey upon livestock，increasing human-wildlife conflict and the likelihood that leopards will be killed or injured.
Climate change has also increased the Amur leopard's vulnerability to disease.Increased temperatures，humidity，and frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have reshaped interactions between species，facilitating the spread of viruses.Cross-species transmission of disease has increased by an estimated 4000-fold.Amur leopards have contracted the potentially deadly virus as well as the highly infective virus.
To protect Amur leopards from extinction，future demographic (人口统计的) models should include climate change-driven wildfires，interspecies competition，human conflicts，and infectious diseases when predicting population declines.Conservation responses，including vaccination programs，should take these factors into account.Together，these efforts would ease off the risk of Amur leopard extinction.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。气候变化的影响正在加剧极度濒危的远东豹面临的威胁，文章具体分析了其原因，并给出了保护建议。
5.What is the main cause of Amur leopards' population drop in the 1970s
A.Human activities.
B.Climate change.
C.Interspecies competition.
D.Increased infant death rates.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Because of human activities...the Amur leopard population dropped substantially in the 1970s.”可知，20世纪70年代远东豹数量大幅下降的主要原因是人类活动。故选A。
6.What does the underlined word “deforestation” in paragraph 2 mean
A.The destruction of forests.
B.The protection of forests.
C.The extinction of forests.
D.The growth of forests.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The spread of wildfires and increased temperatures”并结合常识可知，野火的蔓延和温度的升高会加剧森林毁坏，故A项与画线词意思最接近。
7.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Increased temperatures cause cross-species transmission.
B.Some Amur leopards died of extreme weather events.
C.Climate change makes the Amur leopard easier to get sick.
D.The viruses have increased by an estimated 4000-fold.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Climate change has also increased the Amur leopard's vulnerability to disease.”可知，气候变化增加了远东豹易患病的特性。故选C。
8.What is the author's attitude to the future of the Amur leopard
A.Doubtful. B.Hopeful.
C.Disappointed. D.Cautious.
解析　B　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为这些努力将降低远东豹灭绝的风险。由此可推知，作者对远东豹的未来抱有希望。故选B。
核心 单词 subspecies n.(动植物的)亚种　substantially adv.非常，大大地；基本上，大体上，总的来说　territory n.(兽类、鸟类等的)领地，领域；领土，版图　habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境，(动物的)栖息地　degradation n.退化，恶化　likelihood n.可能(性)　facilitate v.促进，促使，使便利　virus n.病毒　potentially adv.潜在地，可能地　deadly adj.(可能)致命的，致死的
熟词 生义 contract (Para.3)常用义：n.合同，合约，契约v.与……订立合同(或契约)　文章义：v.感染(疾病)，得(病)
核心 短语 be designated as...被定为……　prey upon捕食　take sth into account考虑到某事物，把某事物考虑进去　ease off 减轻
C
(2025·湖北三地市质检)The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12，000 years.But does it have a future
By 2050，London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona，with long stretches of summer drought.These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions.Around the world，millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move.
We do not tend to think of trees as migratory：They are slow-growing and rooted to the ground.Faced with this problem，the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number of scientists proposing a radical，controversial solution：We help the trees on their march.Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilometres north，within the country and from abroad.Others say entire ecosystems should be translocated，moving multiple species at once.
The “assisted migration” is divisive.Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species.They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration.“Large-scale moving of ecosystems can't be undone (撤销)，so should be very much a last choice，” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust.Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration，expanding and connecting existing woodlands.
But others say those arguments fail to deal with speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis.“Earlier in my career，the narrative was all about restoring past baselines，and then，as I got more independent in my research，I realised that's impossible.We are changing the climate so much，so we have to be a little more inventive.When we have examples of assisted migration，it's often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options，” said Sarah Dalrymple，a conservation ecologist from Liverpool John Moores University，who is part of the task force.She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier，working with species before their populations become so small.“You can never get rid of all the risks，but there is also risk in inaction，” she said.“The risk of inaction is increasing every day.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。面对极端天气和栖息地丧失，古树的未来会怎样？越来越多的科学家提出了一个激进的、有争议的解决方案，即辅助迁移，人们对此意见不一。
9.What problem are ancient trees in London facing
A.Long summer. B.Habitat destruction.
C.Extreme weather. D.Slow growth.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“By 2050，London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona，with long stretches of summer drought.”可知，到2050年，伦敦的天气可能会像巴塞罗那一样，夏季干旱会持续很长时间。由此可知，伦敦的古树面临的问题是极端天气，故选C。
10.Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with
A.Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible.
B.Assisted migration may contribute to bad results.
C.Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems.
D.Native species can survive changes by themselves.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Large-scale moving of ecosystems can't be undone (撤销)，so should be very much a last choice”可知，Andrew Allen认为大规模的生态系统迁移是不可逆转的，所以应该是最后的选择。由此可推断，Andrew Allen认为辅助迁移可能会产生不好的结果，故选B。
11.What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph
A.Stop changing the climate.
B.Have more options to help species.
C.Help native trees to adapt to climate changes.
D.Take action earlier to prevent species' extinction.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She wants to see...become so small.”可知，Sarah Dalrymple希望能更早地探索辅助迁移，在物种数量变得很少之前就开始研究，即Sarah Dalrymple建议人们尽早采取行动防止物种灭绝，故选D。
12.What might be the author's attitude towards assisted migration
A.Supportive. B.Cautious.
C.Objective. D.Doubtful.
解析　C　观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者只是列举了不同科学家对辅助迁移的观点，并未发表自己的看法，故作者对辅助迁移持客观的态度，故选C。
核心 单词 resemble v.看起来像；显得像　thrive v.兴旺，欣欣向荣，茁壮成长　unprecedented adj.前所未有的，空前的，没有先例的　propose v.提议，建议　radical adj.根本的，彻底的；激进的　controversial adj.引起争论的，有争议的　translocate v.使……移位　divisive adj.造成不和的，导致分裂的　non-native adj.非本地的，引进的，移植的　unintended adj.非计划的；无意的，无心的　prioritise v.优先处理　baseline n.(尤指医学或科学中的)基线，准线　inventive adj.有创造力的，善于创新的　inaction n.(人)无行动，没反应
熟词 生义 stretch (Para.2)常用义：v.(使)变大，(使)变松，拉长；伸开，伸展(肢体)　文章义：n.连续的一段时间
核心 短语 be on the move在迁移，在行进；忙碌，活跃；在发展变化，在改进　run out of用尽　task force特别小组
专题强化练(六)　阅读理解之
推理判断题
A
(2025·四川第一次联合诊断性考试)
Become an English Teacher with Babylangues in Paris!
Do you speak English well Are you looking for a part-time job in Paris Join Babylangues as an English teacher and gain valuable experience!
Job Information：
·Position：English Teacher
·Location：Paris and other cities in France
·Pay：14.10－ 23.50 per hour
·Type：Part-time
What You Will Do：
As a teacher，you will help children learn English through daily activities.You will：
·Pick them up from school
·Play games with them in the park
·Read stories to them
These fun activities help children learn English naturally.You will teach them new words and help them speak better.The goal is to make learning English enjoyable and easy for the children.
Benefits：
·Flexible hours that fit your schedule
·Ongoing training to help you teach well
·Good pay with a possible travel bonus
·Free French classes to learn the local language
·Experience French culture by living with a local family
·Meet new friends from other countries
·Help with living in France
·A stable part-time job contract
·Some travel costs paid back
·Gain practical teaching experience
How to Apply：
If you want to join，apply online at Babylangues Application or send us an email.We are excited to have you with us!
Join Babylangues and enjoy the rewarding experience of teaching English while living in France.It is a great opportunity to improve your teaching skills and explore a new culture!
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Babylangues 招聘兼职英语教师及其工作内容、薪资、福利和申请方式。
1.What are you expected to do as a teacher at Babylangues
A.Send children to school.
B.Have fun with colleagues.
C.Help children with their oral English.
D.Organize story writing contests.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据What You Will Do部分的“You will teach them new words and help them speak better.”可知，Babylangues的老师需要教孩子新的单词，帮助他们更好地说英语。故选C。
2.Which of the following is one benefit from Babylangues
A.Continuous training support.
B.Fixed working hours.
C.Cheap French classes.
D.Free company accommodation.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据Benefits部分的“Ongoing training to help you teach well”可知，Babylangues提供持续的工作培训。故选A。
3.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A career guide.
B.A company brochure.
C.An educational course.
D.An online job advertisement.
解析　D　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一则招聘教师的广告，主要介绍了工作信息、职位要求、工作福利和申请方式。尤其是How to Apply部分提到了“If you want to join，apply online at Babylangues Application or send us an email.”，符合在线招聘广告的特征。故选D。
核心 单词 position n.职位，职务　flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的　ongoing adj.持续进行的，不断发展的　stable adj.稳定的，稳固的；牢固的　explore v.探讨，探究；探险，考察，勘查
B
(2025·江西联考)A new initiative by North American and European airports helps reduce stress for travellers with invisible disabilities such as dementia，Alzheimer's disease，brain injuries，autism and mild cognitive impairment.Sunflower lanyards (挂绳) are issued to identify travellers with memory or sensory needs.Quiet rooms，noise cancelling headphones and assistance by airline staff are all part of the programme at some airports.
First introduced at London's Gatwick Airport in 2016，the discreet lanyards are available for passengers with invisible disabilities to help identify people who may need extra help or additional time to complete a task while travelling.How did the program start The Air Carrier Access Act，which Congress passed in 1986，specifically addresses air(共17张PPT)
板块一 阅读
专题一 阅读理解
微专题一　阅读理解中的选项透视
01使用软件
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课件
使用说明
02便捷操作
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03公式说明
本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验。
04解决办法
由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题。
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高考阅读理解的选项设置蕴含着命题者的思维逻辑，对选项进行“透视”可帮助考生洞悉出题规律，提升解题准确率。
特征1　同义转述
在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来，即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，转述的方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”，考生可以快速锁定答案。
一、正确选项两个特征
【典例】　(2025·全国二卷阅读B)
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，”says Julie Good，director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
27.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A.It eases peer pressure. B.It helps them live in hope.
C.It frees them from aches. D.It entertains them with stories.
[分析]　B项中的“helps them live in hope”是文中“keep those dreams alive”的同义转述。故选B。
特征2　简化概括
高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点并进行归纳整理，从而得出文章的深层含义。因此，一些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。
【典例】　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called“shallowing hypothesis (假说).”According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
[分析]　A项中的“treat digital texts lightly”是对原文信息句“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print”的简化概括。故选A。
陷阱1　偷换概念
干扰项的表达中，仅有部分词汇在原文中没有体现或与原文不一致，这容易给考生造成“似是而非”的错觉，从而导致误选。这种干扰项常常偷换了动作的发出者、动作的承受者、动作本身，或是混淆语义的积极与消极色彩等。
二、干扰选项五大伪装陷阱
【典例】　(2025·浙江1月卷阅读C)
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化).In a matrix garden，plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Q：Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
干扰项：C.To conserve soil and water resources.
[分析]　C项偷换了“目的”与“结果”。选文中最后一句中的“conserves water”是“矩阵式”种植方式的结果，而非规划者引入该理念的初衷，属于因果关系偷换。
陷阱2　曲解原意
干扰项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，看似与文章表达的意思一致，其实是对原句意思的曲解。针对此类选项，考生在解题时要根据题干中的关键词定位回原文，认真分析原文相关语句，仔细比对选项与原文信息，从而避免误选。
【典例】　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)
...Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Q：What information does the convenient app offer
干扰项：D.Availability of pre-seeded pods.
[分析]　D项中的pre-seeded pods与文中的信息是一致的，但是忽略了原文中的“users simply replace the plants with”，是用户直接用提前育种的容器替换，而不是该应用程序提供提前育种的容器的可用性信息，所以曲解了文义。
陷阱3　过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围，进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例】　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Q：Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
干扰项：
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
[分析]　引文的第一段首句为该段主题句，说明John是怎样清理污泥里的有害物质的。首先建造一个生态水箱，然后他在水箱里放了一些动植物，最后加入污泥。第二段说明了第一段实验的效果：污泥被水箱里的动植物当成食物吃掉了，只剩下了净水。由此可以得出，John把污泥加入水箱中的目的是观察生态机器的处理效果。A项“为了给动物喂食”不是John的目的，为过度推断；B项“为了建造一个生态系统”是John为达到目的做实验的过程，属于以偏概全。
陷阱4　主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例】　(2023·全国乙卷阅读B)
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake，Wisconsin，to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks，we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However，we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still，looking back on the photos，they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
Q：What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
干扰项： A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
[分析]　作者并没有提到他们对紫色石英岩石有任何特别的情感反应，他们去那里的主要目的是攀爬和摄影，所以A项为主观臆断型错误。
陷阱5　颠倒是非
颠倒是非是基于原文信息得出错误的、偏离或有悖于原文的结论，命题人据此设置干扰项，干扰考生思考。
【典例】　(2024·浙江1月卷阅读C)
...Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
Q：What can we infer from the last paragraph
干扰项：
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
[分析]　选文最后一句信息是“私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行”，而B项“在加拿大，私营气候工程公司是非法的”就是颠倒是非，推理错误；选文第一句信息是“没有人成功地打赢了对人工降雨公司的诉讼”，而C项“对人工降雨的质疑已经消失”也是颠倒是非，推断错误。
谢 谢 观 看(共119张PPT)
板块一 阅读
专题一 阅读理解
第四讲　词句猜测题
01使用软件
本课件使用Office2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用。
课件
使用说明
02便捷操作
本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑。
03公式说明
本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验。
04解决办法
由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题。
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
导航
题型解读
随堂演练
专题强化练(十)　阅读理解之词句猜测题
专题强化练(十一)　阅读理解之词句猜测题
专题强化练(二)　阅读理解之细节理解题
专题强化练(十二)　阅读理解之词句猜测题
题型解读
【题型特点】　词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有：What does the underlined word/phrase“...”in paragraph...mean/refer to？；What's closest in meaning to“...”in paragraph...？；Which of the following best explains“...”underlined in paragraph...？；Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “...”in paragraph...？等。
技法1　根据上下文语境猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例1】　(2025·全国一卷阅读B)
As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed.　　　　　　 B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“staggering”in paragraph 3 mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：
画线词前：老师布置了两个新任务——个人叙事单元和创意写作工作坊，要求仅需符合体裁规范并包含论点。
画线词后：学生选择了多样的主题，交上了 10 到 20 页的故事，故事中的人物拓宽了作者的视野，打动了作者的心。
这些结果表明，学生的作品质量超出了作者的预料，呈现出积极且令人惊叹的效果。
B
技法2　根据逻辑关系猜测词义
【图解技巧】
【典例2】　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.If read by someone poorly educated.
B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C.If written by someone less competent.
D.If translated by someone unacademic.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思相反。
分析解题线索并推断词义：下文提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折词but可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力不足的人写这本书”。
验证词义：下文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好。
C
技法3　根据解释关系猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例3】　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.
C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
[自主解答]　_____
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“declutter” in paragraph 3 mean。
第二步　分析上下文逻辑关系
(1)第三段中，“declutter”前有冒号，说明冒号后的内容是对上文“this philosophy”的具体解释。
(2)上文指出“this philosophy”指代“digital minimalism”。
(3)下文具体描述该方法：要求人们“远离非必要的线上活动30天”，之后仅恢复“少数精选的、能带来巨大价值的活动”。
A
第三步　比对选项与语境
(1)该过程强调“减少而非增加”，排除B(Add-on 附加)和C(Check-in登记)。
(2)强调“主动清理而非接管”，排除D(Take-over接管)。
(3)A(Clear-up清理)最符合“去除冗余、保留精华”的语义，与“declutter”的词义一致。
技法4　根据构词法猜词义
【图解技巧】
【典例4】　(新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
25.What do the underlined words“the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to。
第二步　分析上下文逻辑关系
(1)上文提到“forbidden fruit”以及“Grandma's Box”用于暂存这些物品。
(2)下文指出作者会“return the belonging”，说明“the offender”与物品归属有关。
(3)根据构词法，“offender”由“offend”加后缀“-er”(表示“人”)构成，意为“违反规则的人”。
D
第三步　比对选项与语境
(1)选项A(学生家长)、B(盒子制作者)、C(作者的孙辈)均未在文中提及，与上下文无关。
(2)选项D(违禁物品的主人)与“归还物品”的行为一致，且符合“违反规定携带物品”的语境。
(3)文中明确提到“我通常会归还物品”，说明“the offender”正是物品所有者，即违反规定携带违禁品的学生。
【题型特点】　代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有：What does the underlined word“that/this/it/...”in paragraph...refer to？。
【图解技巧】
【典例5】　(2025·全国二卷阅读B)
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
26.What does the underlined word “it”refer to in paragraph 4
A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“it” refer to in paragraph 4。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：上文介绍有些老师不给孩子布置任何作业；他们表达的是同情。下文Ho认为老师这种方式对孩子而言是一种伤害，孩子会认为老师不关心他们的功课。所以“it”指代的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。
C
【题型特点】　高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意理解题。设问方式有：What does the underlined expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean？。
【图解技巧】
【典例6】　(浙江卷阅读B)
Money with no strings attached.It's not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：“money with no strings attached”in paragraph 1 mean。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：定位原文画线句，找到后面的关键信息句“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”，由此可知，如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果需要钱，就可以拿走钞票。人们可以没有“任何附带条件”捐出或者拿走钱。
C
随堂演练
A
(2025·福建龙岩二模) Zhou Donglin is traveling during Spring Festival in Uganda，attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens (镜头).
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，”Zhou says.In December，Zhou's photography work stood out from the more than 37，600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world.
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，” she says.
With her MBA background，Zhou says it's key to picking up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field.“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses，which are very heavy，and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength，”Zhou says.Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger，dirt and sometimes thirst.
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection.
In 2019，she worked with ornithologist (鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild，a non-profit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research，rescue efforts，and ecological photography.Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation，as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful，”Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild.“However，when it comes to follow-up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬临在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩，并通过摄影作品唤起人们对自然保护的意识的故事。
1.Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A.To win international awards.
B.To develop a career in ecology.
C.To engage audiences in natural protection.
D.To stimulate audiences' interest in animals.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中周冬临说的话“I enjoy exploring animal communities and...inspire them to protect nature”可知，周冬临通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。故选C。
2.What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A.The importance of putting life in focus.
B.The need to improve photographic skills.
C.The urgency of building a strong body.
D.The pride in being an outstanding student.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，之前周冬临忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求，车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义，即关注生活的重要性。故选A。
3.What does the underlined word“proceeds”in paragraph 6 refer to
A.Donations.　　　　　 B.Profits.
C.Works. D.Resources.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据第六段最后一句可知，周冬临举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。故选B。
4.According to Zhou，what is the most essential for future actions
A.Groups' effective engagement.
B.Public conservation awareness.
C.More exhibitions of wildlife images.
D.Establishment of more organizations.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，周冬临认为，未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。故选A。
B
(2025·福建厦门二模)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days — that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧).
Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world.For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter.And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight.One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months.“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，”says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter.“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful.”
Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings.“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says.
In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating.But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite: annoying，exhausting or depressing.Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，”she says.
But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain.“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，”Leibowitz says.“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验，还建议人们适应季节变化，同时表达了对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。
5.What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1
A.A reminder. B.A surprise.
C.A day. D.A snowball.
解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合下文“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，one指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。故选C。
6.How does snow change our experience of the world
A.By making musical sounds.
B.By increasing the cold of winter.
C.By exercising our sense of sight.
D.By offering a new look of the world.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world...reflects light in the darker months.”可知，雪改变了我们对世界的物理体验，即通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。故选D。
7.What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters
A.Searching for visual cues.
B.Ignoring negative emotions.
C.Adjusting to seasonal changes.
D.Cleaning unpleasant surroundings.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the right conditions...Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.”可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。故选C。
8.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.Express concern for snow loss.
B.Make predictions of climate change.
C.Present reasons for increased rainfall.
D.Summarize consequences of cold rain.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。故选A。
A篇 核心 单词 1.correspondingly adv.相应地 2.submission n.提交的作品 3.crash n.碰撞；(汽车)事故
4.endurance n.耐力；持久力 5.capture v.捕捉；拍摄 6.institute vt.制定；建立
7.precious adj.珍贵的
熟词生义 bound (生) adj.卧床不起的；(熟)adj.可能的
核心 短语 1.stand out from 从……中脱颖而出 2.reflect on反思
3.pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识 4.give rise to 引起；导致
5.call attention to引起对……的关注 6.commit to 致力于；投身于
长难句 分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection.
分析： 本句为复合句。“Zhou has spent...and wildlife”为定语从句，修饰The years。“motivating her to...their protection”为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
译文：周冬临花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物，这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像，也让她爱上了这些动物，促使她呼吁人们关注动物保护。
B篇 核心 单词 1.freshly adv.刚刚；新近
2.absorb vt.吸收(声音、光等)
3.reveal vt.展现；揭示
4.unfold vt.发展；展开(文中指气候变化加剧)
熟词 生义 1.blanket (生) n. 一层覆盖物；(熟) n.毯子
2.magical (生) adj.迷人的，神奇的；(熟) adj.有魔力的
核心 短语 1.struggle with 与……作斗争；苦于
2.point to 指出；指向
3.take inspiration from 从……中获得灵感
B篇 长难句 分析 Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days — that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.
分析：本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句。
译文：雪能唤起人们对童年雪日的深刻记忆——当又一个本该枯坐教室的上学日，突然变成打雪仗或滑冰的欢乐时光，那种惊喜感至今难忘。
专题强化练(十)　阅读理解之
词句猜测题
A
(2025·四川第一次联合诊断性考试)“We are like one artist，” says Gustavo Pandolfo.His identical twin brother Otavio nods in agreement，adding，“There is a conversation in the air flying there，but only we can listen to each other.”
The Pandolfo brothers are best known as the twin artists.Their marvelous and playful artworks have graced parks，trains，bridges and countless other outdoor spaces around the world.Major museums，galleries and private collectors have acquired their works.For the 2004 Olympics in Athens，they painted an 82-foot-high giant as a decoration.
“These guys have a way of just using their imagination to create all kinds of magical and unexpected things，”says Dr.Nancy Segal，a psychology professor at California State University，Fullerton.As someone who studies twins，she is not surprised that the connection between Gustavo and Otavio Pandolfo is so strong.“Many twins have what I call a special twin culture with their habits and ways of doing things and understanding things，” she says，“and that's understandable，because they are genetically alike.”
The Pandolfo brothers were born in 1974 into a family of artists and art lovers in S o Paulo，Brazil's most populous city.As kids，they spent their free time breakdancing，DJing and listening to rappers.They also wanted to dress like them.They once showed their grandmother a photograph of an American rapper and actor and asked if she could sew a similar outfit for them.“And she did in two days，” remembers Gustavo.
But it was the Pandolfos' distinctive graffiti (涂鸦) style that gained them art world recognition in Brazil and beyond.Eventually，their graffiti evolved into full-scale，amazing illustrations of human characters and mysterious landscapes.
They create extremely thin lines and delicate shadows.Spray paint is always regarded as being sort of big and bold，but they get incredible amount of detail and have amazing technique.
“Artwork is a door and a mirror，”they explain.“You have to open yourself up in order to feel it.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴西艺术家Pandolfo兄弟，他们以独特的涂鸦风格获得了全球范围内艺术界的认可。
1.What does the underlined word “graced” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Affected.　　　　　 B.Decorated.
C.Transformed. D.Spoiled.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的“Major museums，galleries and private collectors...as a decoration.”可知，他们的艺术作品是美妙的、有趣的，许多重要的博物馆、画廊和私人收藏家都有他们的作品，且他们为2004雅典奥运会绘制了一个82英尺高的巨人作为装饰。这些说明他们的艺术作品能够装饰室内和户外空间，使这些地方更加美观。decorate 与画线词意思相近。故选B。
2.Why does the author mention the brothers' grandmother
A.To emphasize their close family ties.
B.To show the family's support for their art.
C.To praise their grandmother's sewing skills.
D.To illustrate the happiness of their family.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的“The Pandolfo brothers were born in 1974 into a family of artists and art lovers in S o Paulo”可知，Pandolfo兄弟出生于圣保罗一个有着艺术家和艺术爱好者的家庭。下文介绍了他们小时候在空闲时间跳霹雳舞、担任音乐节目主持人、听说唱音乐。他们给祖母看了一张一名美国说唱歌手和演员的服装照片，想让祖母给他们缝一套类似的衣服，她在两天内就做到了。由此可推知，作者提到这对兄弟的祖母是为了强调他们的家庭对兄弟俩在艺术方面的支持。故选B。
3.Which statement are the brothers most likely to agree with
A.Art is only understood by a few people.
B.Creativity is the main approach to creating art.
C.Skill is more important than inspiration in art.
D.Openness is the key to appreciating art fully.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，兄弟俩认为艺术作品就像门和镜子一样，为了感受艺术，你必须敞开自己的心扉。故选D。
4.Which words can best describe the two brothers
A.Humorous and responsible.
B.Understanding and persistent.
C.Imaginative and creative.
D.Individual and sympathetic.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“These guys have a way of just using their imagination to create all kinds of magical and unexpected things”可知，兄弟俩有用自己的想象力来创造一切神奇的、令人意想不到的事物的能力，由此可知，他们是富有想象力的。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，他们创造出极细的线条、微妙的阴影，且能运用喷漆呈现大量细节，这体现出他们是具有创造力的。故选C。
核心 单词 identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的　marvelous adj.极好的，绝妙的，了不起的　playful adj.有趣的，爱嬉戏的，爱玩的　acquire v.获得；学到　full-scale adj.全面的，完全的，彻底的　delicate adj.微妙的；柔和的；精巧的，精致的　incredible adj.极好的，极大的；不可相信的，难以置信的
核心 短语 gain recognition获得认可/赞扬　evolve into逐渐发展成……　be regarded as被认为是，被看作是
B
(2025·太原学业诊断)What should you do if your child steals another kid's toy in a playdate or gets pushed by another kid at the park These are common behaviors for preschoolers who are still learning how to act around others and control their emotions.But for many parents，these moments are a struggle to manage.
“We are put on the spot when we're in public，”says Celina Benavides，a developmental psychologist at Oxnard College in California.“We feel the judgmental eyes from other people，and that can shape how we parent and how children might respond to us.” So，how should parents address their kids' challenging behaviors in public？Benavides explains the reason why sometimes young children suffer meltdown is that they are stuck in a tough situation for them to handle properly.So try to distract them by stepping in timely and offering help they need.
For example，at a park，a boy comes up behind your 2-year-old daughter and hits her on the back of the head so that he can climb the stairs first，but his parents don't say anything or apologize.What would you do？“It's always OK to simply remove your child from situations that don't feel safe.But if you choose to engage，focus first on the harmed child.Then，move on to the child doing the harm，producing a situation to help the children repair the relationship in a healthy way，” says Benavides.
Assuming your 18-month-old son is at a children's party.He grabs an older child's shirt，and then takes a truck toy from his hand! The other child starts crying.Your son looks on，confused.Should the parents get involved in it “Actually，parents' role is to help the kid figure out how to resolve the dilemma on his own，”Benavides says.He also recommends pausing before jumping in，and if you do need to participate，describe what you're seeing and ask questions like “What if we try taking turns？”This allows children to come up with ideas themselves.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕孩子在公共场合出现的一些行为展开，重点阐述家长此时应该怎么做，比如遇到孩子被打时可以把孩子带离不安全的环境，先关注受伤的孩子，再处理实施伤害的孩子等。
5.Why is parenting in public difficult
A.The kids' misbehaviors are tolerated.
B.It's hard to regulate parents' emotions.
C.Parents feel stressed by others' judgement.
D.Adults lack communication skills with kids.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，我们在公共场合时会感到很尴尬，我们能感受到来自他人评判的目光，这会影响我们为人父母的方式，也可能影响孩子对我们可能有的回应。所以在公共场合育儿困难是因为别人的评价会给父母带来压力。故选C。
6.What does the underlined word “meltdown” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Constant fear. B.Emotional outbursts.
C.Physical problems. D.Temporary setbacks.
解析　B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，有时候小孩子会遭受meltdown的原因是，他们被困在一个艰难的环境中，无法妥善处理。我们可倒推一下，孩子身处这种难以应对的艰难状况又无法妥善处理时可能会出现哭、撒泼打滚等表现出情感上失去控制的状态。由此推测，meltdown应该是指情感上的突然崩溃。故选B。
7.What is suggested by Benavides when kids are in a dilemma
A.Blaming the child doing harm.
B.Presenting children with gifts.
C.Standing by without involvement at first.
D.Keeping kids on the spot.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He also recommends pausing before jumping in”可知，他建议在加入之前暂停一下，即刚开始不要介入。故选C。
8.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How to parent sensibly in public.
B.How to construct family relations.
C.How to develop kids' good manners.
D.How to get on well with other parents.
解析　A　主旨大意题。文章首先指出孩子在公共场合出现的一些常见行为让家长管理起来困难。接着说明家长在公共场合面对这些情况时的压力以及处理这些情况的重要性。然后通过具体例子阐述了Benavides提出的应对孩子在公共场合各类行为问题的建议，包括根据情况选择带孩子离开或按步骤处理冲突、帮助孩子自己解决困境等具体做法。文章大意与A项“如何在公共场合明智地为人父母”吻合。
核心 单词 struggle n.难事　judgmental adj.动辄评头论足的，动辄指责人的　distract v.转移(注意力)，分散(思想)，使分心　involved adj.卷入的；有关的；涉及的
核心 短语 put sb on the spot (提出难题)使某人尴尬，使某人为难　be stuck in陷入，困住　figure out想出，弄明白　come up with想出，提出
C
(2025·郑州第一次质检)A journey to Italy is set to become even more expensive.Last summer，the country introduced a proposal to raise the tourist tax.Currently，many Italian cities charge taxes of up to 5 euros for an overnight stay.The new plan introduces a tiered (阶梯式的) system：5 euros per night for economy rooms under 100 euros，10 euros for standard rooms priced between 100 and 400 euros，15 euros for high-end rooms ranging from 400 to 750 euros and 25 euros for luxury accommodations above 750 euros.
Italy，with its rich cultural heritage and amazing coastlines，has always been a top spot for tourists.However，the increasing number of visitors is becoming overwhelming.According to the World Tourism Organization，Italy welcomed 57.2 million foreign tourists in 2023，which has led to several issues.Fortune Magazine reported loud noise，crowded spaces，important shops being replaced by souvenir stalls and rising rents driven by apartments being changed into short-term rentals (出租房).
The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism.However，some tourists are opposed to the high tax.“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax，” Fabea Wiegand from Switzerland told Fortune Magazine.
While introducing a tourist tax is a method used by many countries to manage tourist numbers，it is essential not to take it to extremes.The Economist emphasizes the crucial role policymakers play in determining the lever of tourism tax.It is important to set a tax that is affordable for most tourists.For instance，Venice charges a day pass of only 5 euros.Despite its small amount，this fee can contribute to enhancing local services such as waste management and heritage preservation，benefiting both residents and visitors.
Even though high tax may prevent some tourists from going to certain destinations，tourism tax is “not a cause for despair” for countries，said The Economist.If tourists choose other destinations due to the tax，lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors.Meanwhile，popular destinations could adapt by promoting more affordable choices to tourists，striking a balance between locals' and visitors' needs and promoting sustainable tourism.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利计划提高旅游税，采用阶梯式收费。该国因游客过多引发诸多问题，此举旨在应对过度旅游。但部分游客表示反对，认为这是在牟取暴利。文章也指出应合理设置旅游税，以推动可持续旅游。
9.What does the underlined word “overwhelming” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Enormous. B.Powerful.
C.Frightening. D.Confusing.
解析　A　词义猜测题。画线词在句中作表语，形容游客数量。上文提到意大利有丰富的文化遗产和迷人的海岸线，一直是热门旅游地。画线词前的However一词表示转折，结合画线词后的内容描述可知，游客数量的增长带来了负面的情况。所以这里是说游客数量太多。enormous表示“巨大的，庞大的”，能够表达出游客数量过多的意思。故选A。
10.Why did Italy consider introducing a higher tax
A.To keep visitors from visiting Italy.
B.To increase the profits from tourism.
C.To deal with problems caused by overtourism.
D.To reduce unfair competition in the tourism industry.
解析　C　细节理解题。文章第三段明确提到“The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism.”，这说明意大利考虑提高旅游税是为了解决过度旅游带来的问题。故选C。
11.What was Fabea Wiegand's attitude toward raising the tourist tax
A.Objective. B.Disapproving.
C.Sympathetic. D.Indifferent.
解析　B　观点态度题。根据第三段Fabea Wiegand 的话“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax”可知，Fabea认为提高旅游税是在牟取暴利，并且提示自己会选择去没有这种税的其他国家。这表明其对提高旅游税持反对态度。故选B。
12.What does The Economist think about the tourist tax
A.It may negatively affect local services.
B.It will be harmful to sustainable tourism.
C.It will reduce the inflow of foreign visitors.
D.It may be beneficial to less popular destinations.
解析　D　推理判断题。文章最后一段提到 The Economist 的观点，其中“lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors”说明了The Economist认为旅游税对于不那么受欢迎的地方来说是有好处的。故选D。
核心 单词 economy adj.实惠的，经济的，廉价的　standard adj.常规的，正常的，标准的　price v.给……定价钱　issue n.问题　drive v.迫使，逼得　tackle v.处理，对付(难题)　pose v.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的　promote v.促进，推动；促销，推销；倡议，提倡
核心 短语 be set to do sth很可能做某事　be opposed to sth反对某事物，不赞成某事物　take it to extremes走极端　strike a balance between A and B在A和B之间达到平衡，两者兼顾
专题强化练(十一)　阅读理解
之词句猜测题
A
(2025·石家庄教学质量检测二)Like a lot of Canadians，Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game — lacrosse (长曲棍球)，other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球) that he took much notice.His son，Jack，went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse organization，in the Toronto area，which has been around since 1890.When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014，Mr Suboch，who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto，volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program，which introduced children ages 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship，more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks.They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt.“They are taught to catch，throw，pass and shoot in a non-contact environment，” he said.“You get them running around.Get them away from the screen.It is our national game，so you get them exposed.And sure enough，they caught on.”
To fund the program，Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea.He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances，metal and electronic items，such as computers and cell phones.He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out，so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said.The recycling effort raises around $20，000 annually，which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy.Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，he said，but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动的故事。
1.Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program
A.His son asked him to support the game.
B.The kids' league faced declining participation.
C.He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D.He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014，Mr Suboch...volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the‘Baby Peanut' program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。故选B。
2.What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Learned the rules. .Got injured.
C.Attracted donations. .Became interested.
解析　D　词义猜测题。画线短语前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线短语所在句语境可知，此处画线短语应该表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。故选D。
3.How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program
A.By organizing charity matches.
B.By collecting and selling used items.
C.By charging participation fees.
D.By raising money from the community.
解析　B　细节理解题。第五段首句讲为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew 想出了一个新奇的主意，接着具体讲述这个主意是什么，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。故选B。
4.What can we learn about the program's impact
A.It reduced screen time for children.
B.It increased waste sent to landfills.
C.It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D.It created jobs for the local residents.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites，he said，but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，该项目其中的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕时间。故选A。
核心单词 lightweight adj.比通常重量轻的　expose v.使接触，使体验　fund v.(为活动、组织、事件等)提供资金，资助　appliance n.家用电器，家用器具　electronics n.电子设备　landfill n.填埋的废弃物；废弃物填埋场
熟词生义 (1)shoot (Para.4)常用义：v.射击，发射　文章义：v.射门，投篮
(2)novel (Para.5)常用义：n.(长篇)小说　文章义：adj.新颖的，新奇的
(3)cover (Para.5)常用义：v.遮盖；覆盖　文章义：v.足以支付，够付
核心短语 other than 除……之外　excel at擅长　step in 介入，干涉，插手
B
(2025·深圳一模)Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities.It's usually seen as a good thing.But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years，Dr.Mark Leary，a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham，N.C.，has studied the role of people's beliefs in their behavior.He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead people to disastrous decisions.In 1986，NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100，000.It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger.The good news is that there's a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence，and that's what scientists call “intellectual humility”—recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge.They ended up knowing more at the end of the day.But does it actually help you beyond that
To find out more，Dr.Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students.She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding.When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did.Such students thought they got a subject down pat，but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you，researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard.Still，it's important to remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones with new ones.If you find it hard to question a belief，try taking “baby steps”.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了自信虽好，但过分自信可能导致不良后果，而知识谦逊能帮助人们认识到自己的观点可能有误，从而促进学习和成长。
5.Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger
A.To express his sorrow for the loss.
B.To stress the high risk of space flights.
C.To show the result of wrong operation.
D.To give an example of overconfidence.
解析　D　写作意图题。通读第二段，尤其是根据本段中的“He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead people to disastrous decisions.”可知，作者提到“挑战者号”爆炸是为了举例说明过分自信可能带来的严重后果，美国国家航空航天局对太空飞行风险的可能性的过度自信判断可能正是“挑战者号”爆炸的原因。故选D。
6.What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter's research
A.It urged students to gain recognition.
B.It encouraged students to take exams.
C.It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D.It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She found that students with intellectual humility...When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.”可知，Porter的研究发现，那些拥有知识谦逊特质的高中生更有可能检验自己的掌握程度，当他们得到测试分数后会调整自己的学习策略。因此，知识谦逊会激励学生调整学习方法。故选C。
7.What does the underlined phrase “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5
A.Fully mastered a subject.
B.Put great effort into a subject.
C.Really enjoyed a subject.
D.Benefited a lot from a subject.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought”可知，学生在考试中被要求解释某个学科的知识点时，他们发现自己并没有像他们认为的那样理解得那么透彻，也就是说，那些学生原以为自己完全掌握了某个学科，但实际并非如此。故画线短语的意思是“完全掌握某个学科”。故选A。
8.What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs
A.Why questioning our belief is hard.
B.Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C.How to become a confident person.
D.How to practise intellectual humility.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一句话可知，作者建议试着采取小幅度行动去质疑自己的观点，避免过分自信，由此可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何践行知识谦逊。故选D。
核心 单词 overconfidence n.过分自信　intellectual adj.智力的　humility n.谦逊　potential adj.潜在的，可能的　strategy n.策略，战略
难句 分析 Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did.(Para.5)
分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Students might sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves；句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students；if引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句。
译文：那些认为自己的知识不可能错误的学生可能只是顺利度过学习阶段，而不会停下来问问自己是否真正理解了所读、所听或所做的内容。
C
(2025·东北三省三校联考)In a drawing room in rural Oxfordshire，an artist slowly and deliberately puts pen to paper.Her arm moves across the canvas，the marks gradually integrating into a portrait of herself.It seems like a moment of creative expression.But this is no ordinary artist—she is the world's first humanoid robot artist，Ai-Da.By design，her very existence brings into question how we define art，and who，or in this case，what，can create it.
Will AI algorithms (算法) and robots like Ai-Da mean the end of human creativity and artistry，or can they strengthen our own creative potential When Marcel Duchamp proposed that a urinal (小便池) be considered art，he flipped the art world on its head.In much the same way，AI-created artworks are changing the standard of the art world，because both were controversial and contain objects that haven't technically been created by an “artist's” hand.
Someone argues that a humanoid artist like Ai-Da represents society's current fears—the rise of job-stealing AI algorithms and potential robot domination.But technological revolutions like artificial intelligence don't necessarily mean the “end of art” as many fear.Instead，they can help to kick-start an artistic transformation and move us towards different ways of seeing and creating.“AI might kick us into being creative again as humans，” says mathematician du Sautoy，who sees it as a powerful partner in the pursuit of human creativity.
However，questions of authorship haunt the artificial intelligence story.Artists Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst co-founded Spawning AI，which aimed at empowering human creators to prohibit AI from using their works.But there are also artists who see AI as a new outlet for their own creativity.Some artists are now even training algorithms in an attempt to push their own creative boundaries.
It's clear that AI algorithms and machines like Ai-Da are having an impact on the art world.Their works are exhibited alongside more traditional forms of art worldwide.Next year we'll see the world's first AI art gallery open its doors in LA.Eva J ger，the creative AI lead，is also helping to bring AI art to the masses，with a programme of exhibitions leading to critical discussion about the impact of technology on art.She sees the cooperation between humans and machines as a space for real creative potential.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以人形机器人艺术家Ai-Da为例，探讨了人工智能算法和机器人对艺术的影响。
9.What does the phrase “flipped the art world on its head” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Overturned the art standards. B.Dominated the art world.
C.Broadened artists' horizons. D.Recognized artists' wisdom.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Marcel Duchamp proposed that a urinal (小便池) be considered art”和“In much the same way，AI-created artworks are changing the standard of the art world...by an ‘artist's’ hand.”可知，Marcel Duchamp提议将小便池视为艺术以及人工智能创作的艺术品都引发了争议，并且都包含严格意义上并非由“艺术家”创作的物品，人工智能创作的艺术作品正在改变艺术世界的标准。由此可推断，flipped the art world on its head表达的意思与A项意思相近，即颠覆了艺术标准。故选A。
10.What influence will Ai-Da generate on the art world
A.It will increase the commercial value.
B.It will replace human artists soon.
C.It may boost human creativity.
D.It may help artists protect their works.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead，they can help to kick-start an artistic transformation and move us towards different ways of seeing and creating.”和“AI might kick us into being creative again as humans”可知，像Ai-Da这样的人形机器人艺术家可能会激发人类的创造力。故选C。
11.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Spawning AI helps produce better art works.
B.Some artists trained AI to work for them.
C.AI art gallery will win over more visitors.
D.Eva looks favorably to the future of AI.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Eva J ger，the creative AI lead，is also helping to bring AI art to the masses”和“She sees the cooperation between humans and machines as a space for real creative potential.”可知，Eva帮助将人工智能艺术带给大众，并认为人类与机器人合作为真正的创作潜力提供空间，说明她对人工智能的未来持乐观态度。故选D。
12.What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To argue that AI will eventually outperform human artists.
B.To explore the impact of AI on art definition and creativity.
C.To promote the idea that artworks created by AI lacks value.
D.To record the history of art movements and their significance.
解析　B　写作意图题。文章开篇以人形机器人艺术家Ai-Da为例，引出人工智能与艺术的话题。接着阐述了人工智能算法和机器人的出现给艺术世界带来的诸多影响，还提及了不同的人对人工智能艺术的看法。综合全文内容，作者旨在探讨人工智能对艺术定义和创造力的影响。故选B。
核心 单词 deliberately adv.不慌不忙地　humanoid adj.类人的　controversial adj.有争议的 kick-start v.启动　empower vt.授权　outlet n.发泄途径　boundary n.极限
核心 短语 bring...into question对……提出疑问　aim at 力求达到　prohibit...from doing sth　禁止……做某事　push one's own creative boundaries 挑战自己的创作极限
专题强化练(十二)　阅读理解
之词句猜测题
A
(2025·潍坊阶段性调研监测)The joys of the night ride were the joys of feeling present in my body again.Cycling felt like a celebration of dynamic energy，of blood and bone—a reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning despite the two heart operations I had as a kid，which took me out of sports entirely.I remember the doctor's orders：no football，no physical education.
They told me I was fragile (脆弱的)，and so I became fragile.I was in middle school then.It felt as if my body had been taken away from me.They put me in a combination swing-dance-and-painting class instead.But the doctors never said no cycling，and for a brief moment in central Texas，biking became more popular than football，which saved my social life.I still believe that the speed，the wind and the blood in the ears on a silent street can do that to my body—bring it back to life once again.
As time wore on，I developed an affection for the night ride.Below the whoosh (呼啸声) of the wind，I listened for my heart，then the rhythm of my tires over sidewalk.The pain of hard physical effort would pale，not to mention the wind buffeting my face.The rough road constantly told me that there was a road beneath my tires and the possibility of travel.The stress on both the body and the bike made real what I'd suspected all along：Although removed from my family，my friends，my former life，I still existed in these streets.
There was a frivolity (轻松感) to the night ride，too，a kind of frivolity I hadn't felt past years.I'd spent so much time sitting at a desk，sitting in bed，sitting on a sofa.My days were defined by constant anxiety and fear，and the world felt like a thing that happened to me，not something I could participate in.But during the night ride，I paid attention only to the moment.If I didn't，I'd hit the pothole (坑洼) in the road.So by necessity，I became present，and I felt present，which is to say everything started to feel fun again.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因心脏手术无法参加体育活动，但后来通过夜骑使身体重新焕发活力，同时也找到了生活的意义所在的故事。
1.What made the author have to choose the night ride
A.The doctor's advice. B.Poor health.
C.Heavy schoolwork. D.Cycling's popularity.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning...remember the doctor's orders：no football，no physical education”可知，作者因小时候做过两次心脏手术而无法进行体育锻炼，但夜骑能够让作者知道自己的身体还是健康的；再结合第二段的“They put me...But the doctors never said no cycling”可知，一系列不感兴趣的课程让作者感到很不舒适，于是作者选择了骑行这一锻炼方式，而且医生对此并未禁止。由此可推知，作者选择夜骑是因为自己的身体状况不佳，于是想要选择一种运动来使自己的身体焕发活力。故选B。
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The author's energy got restored.
B.The author's figure got reshaped.
C.The author's body became flexible.
D.The author's mind became strong.
解析　A　代词指代题。画线词前提到了speed，wind，blood这三个与夜骑有关的元素，即说明“夜骑时作者会身处一条寂静的街道，骑行的速度、骑行时的风和作者体内血液的流动让作者的身体处于某种状态”；破折号后的bring it back to life once again应是在解释破折号前的内容，且此处it指代破折号前的my body，故可推知，此处说明作者认为夜骑能够让自己的身体恢复活力。故选A。
3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.The changes of the author's life.
B.The difficulties in biking at night.
C.The reasons for enjoying the night ride.
D.The doubts about the author's social life.
解析　C　段落大意题。通读第三段，作者先表明自己对夜骑的热爱，而后具体说明了夜骑过程中自己的内心感受(聆听自己内心的声音和车轮轧过人行道时的节奏)，这让作者忘记了体育锻炼所带来的痛苦；之后又说明夜骑让作者明白了旅行的无限可能和活在当下的重要性。由此可推知，作者在该段主要从身心等多方面解释了自己喜欢夜骑的原因。故选C。
4.What does the author want to convey by mentioning the past in the last paragraph
A.Life is about going with the flow.
B.The past is full of endless regrets.
C.Living for the moment is necessary.
D.Learning from the past is invaluable.
解析　C　写作意图题。通读最后一段，作者对比了过去的生活和开始夜骑后的状态变化。作者过去的生活充满了焦虑和恐惧，一直在消极被动地接受生活中发生的一切，而夜骑教会作者关注当下，感受现在，让作者重拾生活乐趣。故作者提到自己过去的生活状态，是为了与夜骑后的状态形成对比，强调活在当下的重要性。故选C。
核心单词 dynamic adj.动力的；动态的；精力充沛的 affection n.喜爱，钟爱　rhythm n.节奏，韵律　buffet v.猛击，连续拍打　define v.给……下定义
核心短语 take sb out of sth 使某人退出/无法参与某事　wear on(时间)慢慢流逝　not to mention更不用说
B
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)For thousands of years，people around the world have told myths about the Moon and how it came into being.Now，new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago.
Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars，called Theia，collided (碰撞) with the Earth. This caused magma to blast out into space.The magma cooled into solid rocks that started orbiting the Earth in rings，like Saturn has.Gradually，those rocks clumped (聚集) together to form the Moon.
Scientists worked out how old the Moon is by studying rocks gathered from the surface in 1972—the last time humans set foot on the Moon.Astronauts collected the samples using a lunar rake，dragging it through the dust on the surface to collect rocks that were between one and three centimetres wide.The samples contained zircon crystals，a type of mineral that would have formed after the Earth and Theia collided and the magma cooled down.Scientists have studied the samples before but a new scanning technique，called “atom probe tomography”，helped them to study the crystals in more detail and calculate the Moon's age more accurately.
The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.Life on the Earth was only possible after the Moon had formed，so scientists want to learn more about when it happened.Professor Philipp Heck，who worked on the study，said，“It's a part of our natural system that we want to better understand.”
Before NASA landed astronauts on the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s，there were other theories about how the Moon formed.One suggested that the Moon was floating through space and was captured by the Earth's gravity.Another said that the Earth started spinning so quickly that some bits of it broke off and went into orbit.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，月球比科学家认为的要老4 000万年，大约在44.6亿年前形成。
5.What's the purpose of the research
A.To know more about the Earth.
B.To find out how the Moon formed.
C.To work out how the astronauts landed on the Moon.
D.To study the rocks gathered from the surface of the Moon.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago”可知，新研究的目的是研究月球是如何形成的，故选B。
6.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The collision.　　 B.Theia.
C.The Earth. D.The size of Mars.
解析　A　代词指代题。画线词的前一句讲许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的；再结合画线词所在句的“caused magma to blast out into space”可知，这导致岩浆喷射到太空中。由此可推知，This指代前一句中的碰撞，故选A。
7.What is the latest belief of the Moon's formation
A.It is the result of collision of two planets.
B.It was dragged to its location by the Earth's gravity.
C.It was shaped by the bits which broke off the Earth.
D.It crashed into space by accident.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的，故选A。
8.What are the major effects the Moon has on the Earth
A.Daytime and directions.
B.Weather and geography.
C.Seasons and tides.
D.Weights and lives.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.”可知，月球很重要，因为它影响着地球上的事物，比如潮汐、季节和天气，故选C。
核心 单词 myth n.神话，神话故事；虚构的东西　reveal v.揭示，显示，透露　orbit v.沿轨道运行，围绕……运动n.(天体等运行的)轨道　sample n.样本v.抽样检验，取样，采样　drag v.(使劲而吃力地)拖，拉，拽，扯　mineral n.矿物，矿产；(某些食物中的)矿物质　calculate v.计算，核算；预测　land v.(使)着陆，降落，靠岸，登陆　float v.浮动，漂流，飘动，飘移　capture v.俘获；攻占；夺得；(用图画、文章、电影等准确地)表达，刻画，描述　gravity n.重力，引力　spin v.(使)快速旋转
核心 短语 come into being形成，开始存在　work out计算出(答案、数量、价格等)；(问题)逐渐解决；锻炼，健身　set foot on sth进入，访问，参观(某地)　in more detail更详细地　break off断开，断裂
C
(2025·济南一模)Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound (蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite (石笋).Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，” he says，“I could remember the smell.”
Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.Outfitted with a high-resolution camera，he began photographing the mounds and sharing his imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest，they generate formic acid (蚁酸)，the origin of the smell，which helps to fight against enemies.
But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants' range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law.
Today Arndt's photos on display show that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。Arndt通过对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性。
9.How was Arndt's first encounter with the ant mound
A.It reminded him of a bad experience.
B.It left him an unforgettable memory.
C.It aroused his enthusiasm for nature.
D.It inspired him to protect the forests.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘All my life，’ he says，‘I could remember the smell.’”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味印象深刻，这次经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B。
10.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The wooded area. .The mound maker.
C.The keystone species. .The entire ecosystem.
解析　D　代词指代题。根据it所在的句子可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，以至于如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应。所以，画线代词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。故选D。
11.What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants
A.Their worsened habitats. .Their changing behavior.
C.Their severe competition. .Their limited population.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，近几十年来，由于森林遭到伐木、城市化、野火以及干旱和高温的影响，蚂蚁的数量持续下降，由此可知，蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化而引起的。故选A。
12.What is the text mainly intended to tell us
A.Massive lives exist on earth.
B.Tiny species count in nature.
C.Social creatures live in groups.
D.Little ants are master architects.
解析　B　写作意图题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段中的“They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.”可知，文章通过讲述Arndt对红木蚁的研究，说明了它们是关键物种之一，对生态系统的许多方面产生影响，强调了这些微小的物种在生态系统中的重要性。故选B。
核心 单词 enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的　bend n.(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯，弯道investigate v.调查，侦查(某事)　perspective n.态度，观点，思考方法　so-called adj.所谓的　ecosystem n.生态系统
display v.显示，显露，表现　complex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的
熟词生义 outfit (Para.2)常用义：n.全套服装　文章义：v.装备，配置设备
核心短语 armies of 大批的，大量的　turn out 结果为
fall victim to成为……的牺牲品/受害者
难句 分析 Today Arndt's photos on display show that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.(Para.4)
分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Arndt's photos on display show that...；句中that引导宾语从句，从句中使用not only...but also...结构；creating...species为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
译文：如今，Arndt的照片展示了这些小蚂蚁作为社会昆虫，不仅形成了复杂的社会结构，而且它们还与各种物种共同生活，形成了跨越多种植物和动物物种的大量共存关系。
谢 谢 观 看(共110张PPT)
板块一 阅读
专题一 阅读理解
第三讲　主旨大意题
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主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意`义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，以厘清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选择最佳标题。
导航
题型解读
随堂演练
专题强化练(七)　阅读理解之主旨大意题
专题强化练(八)　阅读理解之主旨大意题
专题强化练(二)　阅读理解之细节理解题
专题强化练(九)　阅读理解之主旨大意题
题型解读
【题型特点】　段落大意题主要考查对段落主要意思的把握，即对段落基本内容进行提炼和概括。因此，作答此类题目就是要用准确、简练的语言，将一个段落的主旨明确而完整地概括出来。
【图解技巧】
【典例1】　(2025·全国二卷阅读D)
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead，all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine.
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used. .Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of. .Where the ingredients were bought.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：paragraph 5 mainly about。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被淘汰的甘薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
C
【题型特点】　文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意题常见设问形式有：What is the text mainly about？；What's the main idea of the text？；What is mainly talked about in the text？等。
【图解技巧】
【典例2】　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，”said a BMF employee.
31.What does the text mainly talk about
A.BMF's major strengths. .BMF's general management.
C.BMF's global influence. .BMF's technical standards.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：the text mainly talk about。
第二步　读文章，概括文义：第一段，介绍BMF缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程；第二段至第四段，介绍BMF的创新设计系统及其相关优势；第五段，介绍BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展理念。
A
第三步　比对选项得出答案
A BMF的主要优势 涵盖全文
B BMF的综合管理 以偏概全
C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有
D BMF的技术标准 偷梁换柱
【题型特点】　标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：概括性强，言简意赅；精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文内容并提炼文章主旨。
【图解技巧】
【典例3】　(2025·全国一卷阅读C)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives，they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush？　　 B.What's Next
C.Where to Stay D.Who to Blame
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：a suitable title for the text。
第二步　读文章，概括段落大意：第一段：引出城市交通与行人需求的矛盾；第二段：点明文章讨论的核心议题——街道功能的重新定义；第三段：指出城市改造代价和一些反抗案例；第四段：揭示当前城市规划对汽车的过度倾斜；第五段：总结全文，强调改变城市规划理念的紧迫性。
A
第三步　比对选项得出答案
A 为何如此匆忙？ 概括精准
B 下一步是什么？ 无中生有
C 何处停留？ 无中生有
D 归咎于谁？ 无中生有
随堂演练
A
(2025·山东泰安二模)Tuan Pham was feeling pretty good about himself as he approached the 12-mile mark of the Long Beach Half Marathon in Southern California.The run on Oct.15，2023，was the 47-year-old's seventh such event，and he couldn't wait to celebrate at the finish line with his teenage son，who had raced ahead.Pham took another step or two，and that was the last thing he remembers.
He had no pulse，nor was he breathing.Three blocked arteries (动脉) had led to doing him in.He was clinically dead.If he didn't get help soon，he'd be officially dead.
The American Heart Association says the odds of surviving a heart attack outside of a hospital are less than 12%.Pham's only chance of survival was that someone，say，a cardiologist，happened to pass by.
Just as Pham hit the ground，Ryan Chiu，a cardiothoracic surgeon from Memorial Care Long Beach Medical Center，was leaving a restaurant a few feet away.Dr.Chiu immediately recognized what was happening.He ran to Pham's side and began chest compressions (挤压).He asked for the help of a bystander，who took over on compressions while Dr. Chiu called his hospital and told them to prepare an operating room and gather a surgical team.
Minutes later，an ambulance arrived.Medics scooped up Pham and sped him away to the hospital，with Dr. Chiu following in his own car.The surgery that Dr.Chiu performed was a success，and Pham is alive and well—well enough to return to the route of the Long Beach Half Marathon and pick up where he left off.
Pham likely wouldn't have had that opportunity if providence hadn't stepped in.After brunch，Chiu's friend asked him to stay a few more minutes so they could take in the ocean view.If Chiu had left the restaurant when he'd intended，he would never have witnessed Pham falling.“I can't believe the one guy，the first guy，to see me fall，to show up and give me help，was a cardiac surgeon，”Pham told the Post.“What are the odds？”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pham在半程马拉松比赛中突发心脏病，被心脏外科医生Chiu及时救治的故事。
1.What happened to Pham when he approached the finish line during a half Marathon
A.He passed out with a heart attack.
B.He broke the regulations of the race.
C.He got injured and fell to the ground.
D.He celebrated his victory with his son.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The run on Oct.15，2023...and that was the last thing he remembers.”和第二段可知，Pham在接近半程马拉松终点线时突发心脏病晕倒了。故选A。
2.Which of the following words can best describe Ryan Chiu
A.Wise and generous.
B.Kind and professional.
C.Energetic and lucky.
D.Humble and warm-hearted.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dr.Chiu immediately recognized what was happening...and told them to prepare an operating room and gather a surgical team.”可知，Ryan Chiu既善良又专业，在紧急情况下能够迅速作出反应并提供专业的医疗救助。故选B。
3.Why did Dr.Chiu stay a little longer in the restaurant
A.He met an old friend.
B.He forgot to pay the bill.
C.He waited for more delicious dishes.
D.He was asked to appreciate the scenery.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“After brunch，Chiu's friend asked him to stay a few more minutes so they could take in the ocean view.”可知，Chiu医生在餐厅多待了一会儿是因为他被要求欣赏风景。故选D。
4.What can be the best title for the text
A.Perfect Timing
B.Pham's Lucky Day
C.An Act of Kindness
D.An Incident in the Race
解析　A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了Pham在半程马拉松比赛中突发心脏病，而心脏外科医生Chiu恰好路过并及时救治了他的故事。这个故事强调了时机的重要性，即Chiu医生在正确的时间出现在正确的地点，从而挽救了Pham的生命。因此，A项“完美的时机”为文章的最佳标题。故选A。
B
(2025·山东滨州二模)Even if you don't worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race，you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment.But the fear of disaster is unnecessary.In absolute terms，AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume.Better still，AI can help decarbonise the industries that have proved hardest to clean up.
Consider AI's appetite for energy first.The International Energy Agency (IEA) reckons that electricity consumption by data centres could as much as triple in the next five years.Even if energy usage soars，though，the base is still low.Data centres today account for about 1.5% of the world's electricity consumption—and the vast majority of that is due to streaming，social media and online shopping，not AI.Moreover，some of AI's electricity use will help with greening the economy.AI excels at identifying complex patterns，dealing with giant data sets and perfecting systems，all of which can help reduce emissions.AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids (电网)，cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane，a potent greenhouse gas.
The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts.The first is to rethink how data centers operate.The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centers at different times could reduce strain and help balance energy grids.More flexible data centers would also be a better match for the intermittent power produced by renewables such as wind and solar.
Second，tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises.Microsoft，for instance，aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030.A better approach would be for the tech firms to use the influence that their large demand for energy gives them to accelerate the decarbonisation of grids.They could help unblock the deployment (部署) of clean energy more widely by pushing for planning reform，and go further in supporting the development and expansion of alternative sources such as geothermal and nuclear power.Doubling down on such approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能对能源消耗和环境的影响，并提出了通过政策制定者和行业领袖的努力，将人工智能从潜在的气候问题转变为气候解决方案的观点。
5.What can we learn about AI from the first paragraph
A.It accelerates the end of human race.
B.It consumes less energy than expected.
C.It slows the process of decarbonisation.
D.It causes great harm to our environment.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，对人工智能破坏环境的担忧是不必要的，从绝对意义上讲，人工智能对能源的需求可能比许多人认为的要少，即它消耗的能源比预期的少。故选B。
6.How can AI contribute to reducing emissions
A.By increasing the use of fossil fuels.
B.By reducing the need for data centers.
C.By replacing traditional industries entirely.
D.By processing massive data and enhancing systems.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AI excels at identifying complex patterns，dealing with giant data sets and perfecting systems，all of which can help reduce emissions.”可知，人工智能可以通过处理大量数据和完善系统来助力减排。故选D。
7.What suggestion does the author give to tech companies
A.Expand data centers.
B.Promote cleaner energy.
C.Do further research.
D.Raise funds for the grids.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They could help unblock the deployment (部署) of clean energy more widely...such as geothermal and nuclear power.”可知，人工智能可以通过减少对数据中心的需求来减少排放。科技公司可以通过推动规划改革助力更广泛地部署清洁能源，进一步支持地热能和核能等替代能源的开发和推广，即推广清洁能源。故选B。
8.What's the main idea of the text
A.AI's use brings numerous economic benefits.
B.AI's energy consumption raises great concern.
C.AI can play a role in addressing climate problems.
D.The rapid development of AI causes energy crisis.
解析　C　文章大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头指出对人工智能破坏环境的担忧没必要，接着阐述了人工智能能源消耗基数低，且能帮助电网提高效率、减少航运燃料使用等，最后提到科技公司利用人工智能加速电网脱碳等，说明人工智能在解决气候问题上能发挥作用。因此，文章的主要观点是人工智能可以在解决气候问题方面发挥作用。故选C。
A篇 核心 单词 1.survival n.继续生存，幸存
2.ambulance n.救护车
核心 短语 1.couldn't wait to do...迫不及待做……
2.happen to do...碰巧做……
3.take over 接管；接替
4.speed away 快速送离；疾驰而去
长难句 分析 He asked for the help of a bystander，who took over on compressions while Dr.Chiu called his hospital and told them to prepare an operating room and gather a surgical team.
分析：本句为复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句；while引导时间状语从句。
译文：当Chiu医生打电话给医院让其准备手术室并召集手术团队时，他向一位旁观者求助，这位旁观者接过手进行按压。
B篇 核心单词 1.appetite n.需求；消耗
2.reckon vt.估计；认为
3.majority n.大多数
4.identify vt.识别
5.accelerate vt.加速
6.suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人
熟词生义 hold (生) vt.遵守，承诺；(熟) vt.持有，握有
核心短语 1.in absolute terms 从绝对意义上讲
2.account for 占(比例)；解释
3.excel at 擅长；精通
4.double down on 加倍努力；强化
长难句分析 Even if you don't worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race，you might concern that its fearsome appetite for electricity will destroy the environment.
分析：本句为复合句。even if引导让步状语从句；两个that都引导宾语从句。
译文：即使你不担心人工智能会毁灭人类，也可能担心其对电力的巨大需求会破坏环境。
专题强化练(七)　阅读理解之
主旨大意题
A
(2025·湖北重点中学第二次联考)A Chinese student studying in the UK shared a heartwarming story online about her tutor who quit her job to pursue a unique mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica.The tutor's email reply to the student read，“Thank you for your email.I have left to pursue my dream of making sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics.I will be out of office on a permanent，indefinite，open-ended basis until my penguin friends are happy.”
This act of kindness is part of a larger charity initiative that began after a major oil spill near Phillip Island，Australia，in the late 1990s.The spill severely affected the local penguin population，leading to a decline in their numbers and health over the following breeding seasons.When little penguins become oiled，they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks (喙)，and ingesting it can kill them.It also damages their delicate feathers，which exposes their skin to extreme temperatures and they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food.
In response to such incidents，the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks launched a campaign urging enthusiasts worldwide to knit sweaters for the affected penguins.These sweaters serve a dual purpose：They provide temporary warmth and prevent the penguins from reaching their oily feathers with their beaks.The last significant oil spill around Phillip Island occurred in 2001，affecting 438 little penguins.With the help of these sweaters，96% of them were successfully rescued and released back into the wild.
The penguin jumper program has been running for over 20 years，and during this time，more than 200，000 sweaters have been knitted for penguins by generous knitters across the globe.
While some argue that the sweaters could potentially add extra pressure to the penguins' bodies or cause them to overheat，the Penguin Foundation explains that the sweaters are used temporarily to keep penguins warm before their bodies are washed and feathers recover.Besides，penguins need sweaters made of all wool，only those sweaters that meet the standard for wear can be received by the Penguin Foundation.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章以一名教师辞职去给南极洲企鹅编织毛衣的事例引出一项慈善活动的介绍，该活动呼吁全世界针织爱好者为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅纺织羊毛毛衣。
1.Why did the tutor quit her job
A.She was more attracted to knitting.
B.She decided to protect penguins in Antarctica.
C.She was dissatisfied with the School of Economics.
D.She was offered a position at the Penguin Foundation.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“her tutor...mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica”可知，该教师辞职是为了给南极洲企鹅编织毛衣；再结合第三段的“These sweaters serve a dual purpose：They provide temporary warmth and prevent the penguins from reaching their oily feathers with their beaks.”可知，毛衣可以为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅提供暂时的温暖，并防止企鹅用喙接触沾满石油的羽毛。由此可知，该教师辞职实质上是为了保护南极洲企鹅，故选B。
2.What does the underlined word “ingesting” mean in paragraph 2
A.Taking in.　　　 B.Feeding on.
C.Breathing in. D.Sweeping away.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“When little penguins become oiled，they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks (喙)”可知，当小企鹅被石油污染时，它们会试图用喙清理羽毛上的有毒石油。画线词后的it指代上文的“the poisonous oil”，再结合常识可知，此处表示摄入有毒石油，与A项“吞入(体内)”最为接近。
3.What harm will the oil spill cause for the penguins
A.It will make them overheated.
B.It will pose a threat to their survival.
C.It will make them more visible to the hunters.
D.It will make them fat and unhealthy.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When little penguins become oiled...they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food.”可知，被石油污染后的企鹅会试图用喙清理羽毛上的有毒石油，而吞入有毒石油可能会杀死它们：有毒石油还会损害企鹅脆弱的羽毛，使它们的皮肤暴露在极端温度下，它们会变得又冷又重，无法游泳或觅食。由此可知，石油泄漏会对企鹅的生存构成威胁，故选B。
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A.Antarctic Penguins：A Call for Sweaters
B.Knitting for Conservation：A Global Issue
C.Antarctic Oil Spills：A Disaster on Penguins
D.Warmth in Every Stitch：Sweaters for Oiled Penguins
解析　D　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅编织毛衣的活动，故D项“每一针的温暖：为被石油污染的企鹅准备的毛衣”最适合作为本文标题。
核心 单词 heartwarming adj.感人的，暖人心房的　quit v.离开(工作职位、学校等)；停止，戒掉　knit v.编织，针织　permanent adj.长久的，永久的，永恒的　indefinite adj.无限期的，期限不定的；模糊不清的，不明确的　open-ended adj.无最终期限的，无时间限制的；无确定答案的　initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性　spill n.洒出(量)，溢出(量)，泄漏(量) v.(使)洒出，溢出　poisonous adj.引起中毒的，有毒的　launch v.发动，发起，开始从事(大型或重要活动)　release v.释放，放出
B
(2025·贵阳质检)Space should not be a garbage dump.Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.Now filled with dead rockets and satellites，our polluted orbital environment is becoming more crowded，threatening the growing space economy.It's time for nations—and the billionaires to clean up Earth's near orbit.
The U.S. Air Force tracks more than 25，000 pieces of space junk larger than 10 centimeters—about the size of a bagel—weighing together some 9，000 metric tons.This dangerous trash moves around Earth at speeds of roughly 10 kilometers per second，or more than 22，000 miles per hour.Collisions between millimeter-scale objects too small to track and working satellites are now routine.Orbital debris (碎片) collisions cost satellite operators an estimated $86 million to $103 million in losses a year.
Under the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (条约)，nations are supposed to be responsible for damages caused by space junk，even if it was originally launched by a private firm.That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages from orbital debris even if its origin can be proved and the company shown negligent (失职的).
No surprise，this hasn't worked.The problem is，after decades of discussion，there is still no international treaty that limits space junk or sets standards for negligence.We need one that outlines responsibilities and strictly requires fines on the companies whose spacecraft debris causes harm.
As long as doing the right thing is voluntary，it may not happen，concluded a 2018 Air Force Association report.The limited action since then tells us the world should have already worked on an agreement on compulsory standards.Few countries or companies currently design rockets for their complete life cycle.They must be forced to store enough fuel and keep the capability for spacecraft to drive safely out of space when their useful life is over.If spaceflight industries and nations fail to play by the new rules，they should be subjected to painful financial punishments.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。近年来，环绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。本文主要介绍了太空垃圾带来的损害和责任划分问题，并呼吁制定国际标准和惩罚措施。
5.What has happened to space in recent years
A.Space economy has been thriving.
B.The orbit pollutes rockets and satellites.
C.Space junk has increased rapidly.
D.The orbital environment becomes clean.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.”可知，近年来围绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。故选C。
6.Who should be responsible for damages according to the Treaty
A.Billionaires. B.Taxpayers.
C.Firms. D.Operators.
解析　B　细节理解题。文章第三段涉及了1967年《外层空间条约》，根据该段内容，尤其是其中的“That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages”可知，根据1967年签署的《外层空间条约》，各国应对太空垃圾造成的损害负责，这意味着，是纳税人，而非探索太空的亿万富翁，为轨道碎片所造成的损害负责。故选B。
7.What could be the author's attitude towards the Treaty
A.Doubtful. B.Neutral.
C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.
解析　A　观点态度题。根据第三段中两个even if引导的让步状语从句和“not space-exploring billionaires”可知，作者在介绍《外层空间条约》的相应规定时表示，即使太空垃圾最初是由私人公司发射的，并且能够证明是公司的失职，该条约规定责任人仍是国家，即纳税人；再由第四段内容可知，作者对该条约没有起作用并不感到意外，并且认为我们需要一份能够明确责任，并对航天器碎片造成损害的公司进行罚款的条约。由此可推断，作者对《外层空间条约》的态度是怀疑的。故选A。
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.Space Junk：A Problem to Be Solved
B.Space Economy：A Business to Be Built
C.Space Disaster：A Prediction on the Future
D.Space Exploration：A Trip to the Unknown
解析　A　标题归纳题。本文第一段就谈到太空垃圾问题，点明太空不应该成为垃圾场，接下来详细说明了太空垃圾问题和为解决这一问题提出的措施和呼吁，故A项“太空垃圾：一个有待解决的问题”最适合作为文章标题。
核心 单词 nevertheless adv.尽管如此　steeply adv.大幅度地，急剧地(增加或减少)　track v.追踪，跟踪　roughly adv.大约　collision n.碰撞(或相撞)　originally adv.最初地　billionaire n.亿万富翁　compulsory adj.规定的；强制的，强迫的；义务的　capability n.能力
熟词 生义 play (Para.5)常用义：v.玩耍；参加(比赛或运动)；演奏，弹奏　文章义：v.(以某方式)行事，做事
核心 短语 be responsible for对……负责　on the hook for对……负责　set standards for为……设定标准　play by the rules遵守规则
be subjected to使经受，使遭受
C
(2025·南京六校联合调研)One day，my 11-year-old daughter told me that she wanted to return a pair of pants on an online shopping platform.“You need to keep clicking the ‘something else’ button if you want to talk to a real person，” I told her.She followed my word，and after a bit of clicking，she managed to talk to a real person and get the pants returned.In the process，I had the chance to think about what this everyday interaction was teaching my daughter.
I thought about what it meant to constantly ask for “something else”.It's not only about having a real person to talk with.It's equally about the quality of our communication.It's about thinking something，then saying it，and then having another person think and say something back to you.It seems simple and yet it may become the exception，not the rule.In many cases，it already has.
With the “quick responses” at the bottom of the mailbox，potential responses often appear right in front of us.“Yes，sure.”“Of course！” or “I got it.” The responses，I've noticed，are mostly okay.Sometimes，they're exactly what I want to say.Occasionally，they're wildly wrong.At first，I told myself I wouldn't use those pre-made responses.Soon enough，though，I got in a rush and found they were good.
What would happen if our language got automated in general in this way What if，instead of generating responses，we simply pointed and clicked Choosing a response is a kind of thinking，but it's far less accurate than the kind needed to generate content.It has to do more with recognizing a “good enough” response.
Instead of starting with a blank board，we critique (评判) things.That's not useless，but it doesn't replace thinking in a generative way.If kids only critique something，they won't have original thoughts.They may become great editors，but they'll likely struggle to create ideas in fresh ways.
There's no simple solution and certainly no way to turn back the clock on the automated talk.Yet，as we move forward，we need to consider carefully how simple changes in communication can have serious effects.If we want to help our kids，the “something else” we searched for—authentic human conversation—should not be the exception，but the rule.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自动化对话对人际沟通质量的影响和对孩子们创造性思维的影响。文章指出，为了帮助孩子们，真实的人类对话不应成为例外，而应成为常态。
9.What contributes to high-quality communication according to paragraph 2
A.The clear goals. B.The exact expressions.
C.The process of thinking. D.The immediate response.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's equally about the quality of our communication.It's about thinking something...say something back to you.”可知，寻求人工服务同样是寻求沟通质量的，它涉及思考某件事，然后说出来，然后有另一个人思考并回应你。因此结合选项可知，思考的过程有助于进行高质量的沟通。故选C。
10.How does the author feel about using the pre-made responses
A.Excited and eager to try them out.
B.Annoyed and not interested in them.
C.Disappointed by their inaccurate suggestions.
D.Unwilling but finally aware of their convenience.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At first，I told myself I wouldn't use...found they were good.”可知，作者最初告诉自己不会使用那些预制回复，但很快在匆忙中发现它们确实方便。这表明作者虽然对预制回复持保留态度，但最终还是接受了它们的便利性。故选D。
11.What would happen to kids with the automation of language
A.Their creativity will suffer.
B.Their critical thinking ability will increase.
C.Their editing skills will hardly improve.
D.Their expressions will be more accurate and efficient.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第五段，尤其是其中的“If kids only critique something...create ideas in fresh ways.”可知，如果语言自动化，我们批判事物而不是从头思考；如果孩子们只会批判某事物，他们则不会有原创想法。他们可能成为优秀的编辑，但在创造新想法时可能会遇到困难。所以语言自动化将影响孩子们的创造力。故选A。
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.My Reflection on the Automated Talk
B.My Unforgettable Online Return Experience
C.The Art of Guiding Children's Creativity
D.The Benefits of Using Automation in Communication
解析　A　标题归纳题。作者在文章中通过讲述自己的个人经历和观察探讨了自动化对话对沟通质量的影响，以及它对孩子们创造力的潜在影响。因此，“我对自动化对话的反思”最能涵盖文章的主要内容。故选A。
核心 单词 automated adj.自动化的　generate v.产生，引起　accurate adj.精确的，准确的　content n.(书、讲话、节目等的)主题，主要内容　authentic adj.真正的，真品的，真迹的；真实的
核心 短语 in a rush匆忙地　in general通常，一般来说
专题强化练(八)　阅读理解之
主旨大意题
A
(2025·南京六校联合调研)My initial exploration of the world of comic books happened through the comic strips in newspapers.It began with a fondness for Garfield and his adventures，and led to the discovery of a range of comic books like Champak and The Adventures of Tintin.They enabled me to enjoy myself in a world without computers and the Internet—just like so many of my friends who were fond of reading.
While my access to comics as a child was limited to what was printed in the newspaper，this changed once I grew older and started visiting bookstores to buy the books that I wanted to read.Having grown up on a diet of image-heavy books，I found the idea of reading text-only novels quite formidable.As I searched for books that lay somewhere in between，I came across a copy of Bhimayana—a graphic novel.It felt familiar due to its comic-like theme and design.Plus，understanding complex narratives through pictures was relatively easier and more fun.And so，as I grew older，I found myself transitioning towards graphic novels from childish comic books.
Graphic novels dealt with serious topics in a more engaging manner.They would literally show me what was going on.For example，when I was reading Joe Sacco's Palestine，I didn't have to imagine the ruin caused by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.I could actually see it while reading about it.
Fast-forward a few years to when I was given a copy of Jonathan Bloomfield's Palestine：A Novel.Though I was impressed by the compelling (扣人心弦的) nature of storytelling in his book，I am not sure if I would have been able to visualize and enjoy his text-only version so much had I not read Sacco's Palestine first.Thanks to the graphic novel，I had a“picture” of whatever had happened，and that made it easier and more fun to understand the details of the overall story.
From black and white strips and colorful comic books to illustrated graphic novels，this type of storytelling has come a long way.While my romance with comic books is still ongoing，in the long run，my love for graphic novels is more substantial and here to stay.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从童年时期通过报纸上的连环漫画从而对连环漫画书产生兴趣，到成年后转向图像小说的心路历程。作者讲述了图像小说在处理严肃主题时的吸引力，以及它们是如何帮助他更深入地理解和享受阅读的。
1.Why did the author turn to comic books as a child
A.He found comic books interesting.
B.He had limited access to other books.
C.He wanted to be different from his friends.
D.He could relax from reading text-only books.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It began with a fondness for Garfield and his adventures...and the Internet”可知，这一切始于作者对加菲猫及其冒险故事的喜爱，之后作者发现了更多连环漫画书。这些连环漫画书让作者在没有电脑和网络的世界里享受自我。所以可以知道作者转向连环漫画书是因为他喜欢连环漫画书，觉得它们有趣。故选A。
2.Which word can best explain the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 2
A.Acceptable.　　　 B.Natural.
C.Scary. D.Appealing.
解析　C　词义猜测题。作者提到，由于习惯了阅读图像丰富的书籍，面对只有文本的小说时，他觉得阅读起来相当“formidable”。这里的“formidable”意味着文本小说对他来说是一个挑战，因为他习惯了图像辅助的阅读方式，所以结合选项可知，画线词意为“可怕的”。故选C。
3.What does the author say about reading Sacco's Palestine
A.It encouraged him to read more text-only novels.
B.It improved his understanding of Bloomfield's book.
C.It introduced him to a compelling style of storytelling.
D.It changed his attitude to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I am not sure if I...Thanks to the graphic novel...details of the overall story.”可知，在阅读了Sacco的书之后，他对Jonathan Bloomfield的书有了更深的理解。图像小说让他对事件有了“画面感”，使得理解整个故事的细节变得更加容易和有趣。故选B。
4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A.Comic books are more than comics.
B.Why he loves reading graphic novels.
C.Why he turned to serious novels eventually.
D.Picture books are here to stay for many reasons.
解析　B　主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者的喜好是如何从童年的连环漫画书过渡到成年后的图像小说的。作者强调了图像小说在处理严肃主题时的吸引力，以及它们如何帮助他更好地理解和享受阅读。故选B。
核心单词 initial adj.最初的，开始的　adventure n.冒险，冒险经历，奇遇　complex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的　transition v.(逐渐地)转向　literally adv.按字面，字面上；真正地；确实地　conflict n.冲突，争执，争论　illustrated adj.有插图的
核心短语 come across偶然发现，偶然遇见　in the long run从长远来看
难句分析 While my access to comics as a child was limited to what was printed in the newspaper，this changed once I grew older and started visiting bookstores to buy the books that I wanted to read.(Para.2)
分析：本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句；once...to read为once引导的时间状语从句，该从句中又包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the books。
译文：虽然我小时候接触的漫画仅限于报纸上印刷的内容，但随着我长大开始去书店购买我想读的书，这种情况发生了变化。
B
(2025·广东六校第三次联考)That artificial food dyes are unhealthy is not news.Some of the most common additives used to give color to everything are known to affect some children's ability to learn.But regulatory (监管的) agencies around the world don't necessarily agree.That may soon change，thanks in part to increasing consumer pressure.In addition，a report prepared by the state of California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) concluded that synthetic food dyes “cause or worsen neurobehavioral problems in some children”.
In response to the report，California is now thinking about requiring warning labels on food products containing the seven most commonly used synthetic dyes.Among them are Red 40，Yellow 5 and Yellow 6，which account for more than 90% of food dyes.Restaurants in California would also have to identify menu items containing the additives.
“The science is clear，” says Lisa Lefferts，an environmental health consultant.“These synthetic dyes harm children and are completely unnecessary.”
What makes the OEHHA report a game changer is that a regulatory agency is on the same page as scientists and advocacy (拥护) groups.“That's largely because of the quality of the report，” says Lefferts，one of 10 original signatories to the petition.
Synthetic dyes are used in foods for one reason：to make products look prettier.Someone likens the practice to “putting cosmetics on food”.Bright colors and fun shapes make candies and cereals appealing，especially to kids.
As more research has emerged，consumer pressure has led companies to reformulate products.In 2016，the company began using turmeric，annatto and paprika instead of Yellow 5 and Yellow 6.
Around the same time，Chipotle and a number of other restaurants and manufacturers announced plans to cut back on or stop using synthetic dyes.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人工食品色素对儿童健康有不良影响，随着消费者呼吁的增加和相关报告的出现，使用人工食品色素的情况可能即将改变。
5.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.All the regulatory agencies are against the food dyes.
B.The use of artificial food dyes is obviously increasing.
C.Consumer pressure reduces the use of artificial food dyes.
D.The agencies don't know why food dyes are still a problem.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“That may soon change，thanks in part to increasing consumer pressure.”可知，这种情况可能很快就会改变，部分原因是消费者呼吁的增加。故选C。
6.Why does OEHHA have power to change the use of artificial food dyes
A.OEHHA is an organization determining the ingredients in food.
B.OEHHA prepared an excellent report to state the use of food dyes.
C.The government in California supports OEHHA to change this situation.
D.The excellent report makes a regulatory agency，scientists and advocacy groups stand with OEHHA.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，是OEHHA的出色报告让监管机构、科学家和拥护团体与其站在一方。故选D。
7.Which word can replace the underlined word “reformulate”？
A.Restructure. B.Register.
C.Reflect. D.Rebuild.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第六段内容可知，随着更多研究的出现，消费者的呼吁促使公司重新配制产品。2016年，公司开始使用姜黄粉、胭脂红和红辣椒粉代替黄5号和黄6号色素。故选A。
8.What's the main idea of the text
A.Some scientists don't agree on using food dyes.
B.The use of artificial food dyes may soon change.
C.OEHHA prepared a report to avoid using food dyes.
D.OEHHA cleared the reason why food dyes are used.
解析　B　主旨大意题。文章重点说明了随着消费者呼吁的增加和相关研究报告的出现，使用人工食品色素的情况可能马上就会发生改变。故选B。
核心 单词 dye n.染料，染液　identify v.确认，认出，鉴定；找到　petition n.请愿书；申诉书；申请书　appealing adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的　emerge v.露头，显露；出现，浮现，露出
核心 短语 not necessarily未必，不一定　in part部分地　in response to作为回应　account for占比，占据；解释，说明　on the same page意见一致　liken...to...把……比作……　cut back on削减，缩减；减低
C
(2025·安徽六校联考)Public health data signals a genuine crisis in adolescent mental health：rising rates of anxiety，depression，and hopelessness.But as we worry about teens who are struggling，we can't ignore another mounting effect—the burdens that are shouldered by their friends and peers in an “always on” world.
We have studied teens and tech for over a decade.Their networks are ever-expanding，in no small part because there's a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.And it's not just staying connected—it's keeping up with what others post，too.
Social media platforms thus make it technically possible to maintain more relationships than ever before.The result is an overwhelming wave of social information.It's especially intense for adolescents whose sensitivities drive them to care deeply about what their peers are doing and thinking.
Significant stress comes with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media.Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support.Even before a social media post is made public，close friends can be pulled into photo selection，editing，and final examination.Besides，they need to respond in the right way and in the right amount of time，which differs from one relationship to another.Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager，especially when the friendship is new or not close.But when it's a close friend，too long a lag (延迟) can be hurtful.
Technologies have transformed how friendships play out.Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend.Too often，these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are ignored by adults.And that is what should be changed with the help of parents，schools and other parts of society.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体是如何让青少年的友谊变得更有压力的。
9.What makes teenagers' networks continue to expand
A.The pressure to be nice.
B.The requests of their parents.
C.The need to meet more people.
D.The burden of living independently.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their networks...because there's a sense that being nice means accepting fellow requests from acquaintances and friends-of-friends.”可知，他们的人际关系网不断扩大，这在很大程度上是因为人们认为，友善意味着接受熟人以及朋友的朋友的请求。也就是说，让青少年的人际网不断扩大的是友善的压力。故选A。
10.What does the author think of being a good friend in the age of social media
A.Exciting. B.Challenging.
C.Time-saving. D.Risk-taking.
解析　B　观点态度题。文章第四段第一句表明，作者认为社交媒体时代想成为一个好朋友伴随着很大的压力。接着具体说明了成为一个好朋友需要承担的行为，对段落主旨句进行支持。故选B。
11.What should be changed according to the last paragraph
A.The qualities of being a teen friend.
B.The conflicts between schools and parents.
C.The relations between parents and their teens.
D.The influences of social media on teen friendship.
解析　D　细节理解题。最后一段中的“that is what should be changed”中的that指的是“Technologies have transformed...being a good friend.”，即科技彻底改变了友谊的出现方式，社交媒体增加了成为好朋友带来的负担。这些都是社交媒体对青少年友谊的影响。故选D。
12.What is the text mainly about
A.Why more teens are addicted to social media.
B.How teens nowadays gain long-standing friendships.
C.How social media has made teen friendships more stressful.
D.What makes teens become more sensitive to their peers' needs.
解析　C　主旨大意题。本文结构为“总－分－总”，第一段点明主题，第二、三、四段分别说明了社交媒体在哪些方面给青少年的友谊带来压力，最后一段再次点明现状，发出呼吁。故C项“社交媒体如何使青少年友谊压力更大”为本文最佳标题。
核心 单词 mounting adj.上升的，增长的　ever-expanding adj.不断扩大的
acquaintance n.熟人　overwhelming adj.巨大的，压倒性的　intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的　significant adj.相当大的，影响明显的　transform v.彻底改变；彻底改观　dynamic n.动态；(事物/人)相互作用的方式
熟词 生义 (1)signal (Para.1)常用义：n.信号v.发信号　文章义：v.表明
(2)shoulder (Para.1)常用义：n.肩膀　文章义：v.承担，担负
核心 短语 in no small part在很大程度上，大体上，主要地　keep up with跟上，保持同步　play out发生；发展
专题强化练(九)　阅读理解之
主旨大意题
A
(2025·太原学业诊断)15-year-old Cassandra Lin admires unexpected heroes.Inspired by a story about a Malawian boy who built windmills from bicycle parts to power his village，she created an award—winning recycling program in her hometown，Westerly，Rhode Island.This program，Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel)，encourages residents and local restaurants to recycle used cooking oil，which is then processed into biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel.The money earned from the program is donated to help heat the homes of needy people in Westerly.That's exactly what this persistent tenth grader has done.For her，however，it's just something she does with her friends after school.
To make the project successful，Cassandra and her team educated themselves on the biodiesel refining process，made their own biodiesel with proper safety measures，secured two separate youth seed grants，and persuaded community leaders to support the initiative.They identified a non-sustainable emergency heating program and the issue of pouring used fats and oils down into drains as key problems in their community.“All of our problems have snowballed together，”Cassandra said.She and her team puzzled over how to combine these problems to get a one-off solution.An article on collecting and recycling cooking oil settled the deal.
Cassandra's leadership，clear-sightedness，logical thinking，and creativity were central to the success of TGIF.Her enthusiasm and energy have motivated many to join her cause.Despite her achievements，Cassandra stays down-to-earth，viewing her efforts as just part of her after-school activities.When reminded that she is featured on social media as a delegate (代表) to the Tunza International Youth Conference on Climate Change in South Korea，keeping a low profile，she responds，“Am I？”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了15岁的Cassandra Lin受到马拉维男孩故事的启发，在家乡创立TGIF (变油脂为燃料)项目从而为社区做出贡献一事。
1.What is the aim of Project TGIF
A.To encourage the locals to lead a healthy life.
B.To provide science education for teenagers.
C.To reduce the use of cooking oil in Westerly.
D.To find a green way to process used cooking oil.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This program，Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel)...biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel.”可知，这个名为TGIF (将油脂转化为燃料)的项目鼓励居民和当地餐馆回收用过的食用油，然后将其加工成生物柴油燃料。由此可知，TGIF计划的目的就是用环保的方法加工处理使用过的食用油。故选D。
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The article the teenagers published.
B.The scientific basis of the recycling.
C.The financial problem the team faced.
D.The practice of advancing the project.
解析　D　段落大意题。第二段第一句讲到了Cassandra和她的团队为了让项目取得成功，积极开展各项准备工作，涉及学习生物柴油精炼知识、自制生物柴油并注重安全、争取资金和社区支持等方面；第二句讲到了他们将一个不可持续的紧急供暖计划，以及将用过的脂肪和油倒进下水道的问题确认为他们社区的关键问题；接下来提到了她和团队的思考以及最终的解决方案来源。综上，该段主要讲述了Cassandra和她的团队是怎么推进项目的。故选D。
3.What do we know from Cassandra's response in the last paragraph
A.She is humble.
B.She is doubtful.
C.She is aggressive.
D.She is straightforward.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然有了成就，但是Cassandra保持脚踏实地，只将她的努力视为课外活动的一部分。作为代表在社交媒体上被关注时，她也是保持低调的姿态。故选A。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.A Malawian Boy That Tops the Online Platform
B.An Intelligent Tenth Grader Who Changes Her Life
C.Grease to Fuel：A Schoolgirl's Wisdom Warms the Community
D.A School Project Bridging the Energy Gap Illuminates the World
解析　C　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了15岁女孩在家乡创立TGIF (变油脂为燃料)项目从而为社区做出贡献一事，C项“油脂变燃料：一个女学生的智慧温暖了社区”全面而精准地概括了文章的主要内容，同时突出了主人公的特点以及项目的意义和影响，适合作为本文标题。
核心 单词 power v.为……提供动力　resident n.居民，住户　initiative n.倡议，新方案　issue n.问题　snowball vi.滚雪球般迅速增大(或趋于严重、变得重要等)　one-off adj.一次性的，非经常的　settle v.结束(争论、争端等)；解决(分歧、纠纷等)　feature v.以……为特色，以……为主要组成
核心 短语 be inspired by受到……启发　be central to是……的核心/关键　stay down-to-earth保持脚踏实地　keep a low profile保持低调
B
(2025·贵阳质检)Crying is often thought of as an expression of wild emotions.But this is yet another contradiction：In fact，crying can be a powerful tool to adjust our feelings，to maintain a deep calmness in our emotional life.It can bring balance，peace and，just maybe，even a touch of pleasure.
Crying is very common，and typically human.Although many species call out in pain to signal a need for help，only humans weep，with tears，for emotional reasons and not because of eye irritation (刺激).As the Dutch psychologist Ad Vingerhoets has recorded in his research，two causes of negative crying are extremely consistent across populations and cultures：helplessness and loss.
Occasionally，though，we weep for joy.Scholars find it perplexing，because it seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的) that we would respond to overwhelmingly positive emotions with a negative expression.New research conducted in several countries found that happy crying tended to occur on four occasions：times of extraordinary affection，such as weddings (15 percent of positive crying，on average); moments of unusual achievement，such as winning an award (29 percent); awe in the face of beauty，such as exquisite music (8 percent); and intense amusement (3 percent).Classifying it，though，doesn't make it seem any more logical.
There may，in fact，be a deeper connection between happy crying and sad crying：They are both a response to emotional extremes，which suggests that tears help bring us back to balance.Overwhelming negative emotions are important—even lifesaving—in a crisis like being separated from loved ones or being under threat; it creates the impulse to act with force or immediacy.But staying in this state isn't helpful beyond the immediate crisis (nor is it pleasant)，so we seek to reduce stress and improve our mood—which crying can do quite effectively.
Emotional balance is good for well-being：Though strong feelings are inevitable，having excessive and persistent emotional highs and lows is clearly not associated with good mental health.In this sense，crying is definitely a good way to protect us from extreme emotions.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了哭泣可以是调节情绪的强大工具，让我们在感情上保持平静，还介绍了因高兴哭泣和因悲伤哭泣的不同情况和关联。
5.What are the same causes of negative crying among different people
A.Anger and hate.
B.Disgrace and despair.
C.Helplessness and loss.
D.Weakness and sadness.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“two causes of negative crying are...helplessness and loss”可知，在不同的人群和文化中，消极哭泣有两个触发因素是高度一致的，那就是无助和失落，故选C。
6.What does the underlined word “perplexing” probably mean
A.Promising.　　　　 B.Inspiring.
C.Moving. D.Confusing.
解析　D　词义猜测题。画线词后的原因状语从句解释了学者这样认为的原因，即因为我们在以一种消极的情绪表达应对汹涌澎湃的积极情绪，而这似乎有悖常理。所以学者发现“我们偶尔会喜极而泣”是令人费解的，画线词与confusing 意思相同，故选D。
7.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Reasons for happy crying.
B.Responses to happy crying.
C.Times of unusual affection.
D.Occasions for negative emotions.
解析　A　段落大意题。第三段第一句谈到我们偶尔会喜极而泣，然后谈到了因高兴哭泣的四个时刻，所以该段主要说明了新的研究发现的因高兴而哭泣的四个原因，故选A。
8.What do we know about crying
A.Reducing stress leads to negative emotions.
B.Happy and sad crying share no similarities.
C.Staying in a negative emotion is beneficial.
D.Happy crying is deeply related to sad crying.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，事实上，在快乐的哭泣和悲伤的哭泣之间可能有更深层的联系：它们都是对极端情绪的反应，这表明眼泪有助于我们重返情绪平衡状态，故选D。
核心 单词 typically adv.典型地　consistent adj.一致的　overwhelmingly adv.压倒性地，极其　exquisite adj.精美的，精致的　classify v.将……分类，归类　impulse n.冲动　inevitable adj.难以避免的　excessive adj.过度的，过多的　persistent adj.持续的
核心 短语 be thought of as...被认为是……　a touch of有一点　under threat受到/面临威胁　emotional highs and lows情绪跌宕起伏　be associated with与……有关　in this sense从这个意义上说
C
(2025·长春二模)Online shopping often involves endless options and constantly changing discounts.A single search for running shoes can produce hundreds of results across multiple platforms，each promising the “best deal”.The holiday season brings excitement，but also plenty of decision-making exhaustion and troublesome nightmares.What if there is a tool that can hunt for the best prices，navigate (导航) endless sales and make sure your purchases arrive on time
The answer is AI agents，which are capable of autonomous reasoning and multistep problem-solving.Picture this：You instruct AI to find a sweater under $200 that's highly rated and will arrive by Sunday.In seconds，it scans websites，compares prices，checks reviews，confirms availability and places the order，all while you go about your day.
Unlike traditional recommendation engines，the agents are built with machine learning and natural language processing.They learn from their interactions with the people using them and become smarter and more efficient over time from their collective interactions.Looking ahead，AI agents are likely to not only master personal shopping needs but also negotiate directly with corporate AI systems.They will not only learn your preferences but will likely be able to book tailored experiences，handle payments across platforms and so on.
AI agents are moving beyond recommendations to autonomously carrying out complex tasks such as making refunds and approving pricing decisions.This development has already begun to reshape how businesses operate.Retailers (零售商) using AI agents are seeing measurable benefits.Since October 2024，data from the Salesforce Shopping Index (指数) has revealed that digital retailers using generative AI have achieved a 7% increase in average order profits，with 17% of global orders attributed to AI-driven personalized recommendations，targeted promotions and improved customer service.
The nature of search and advertising is also undergoing a major shift.Amazon is obtaining billions of dollars in ad profit as shoppers bypass Google to search directly on its platform.Meanwhile，AI-powered search tools such as Perplexity and Open AI's web-enabled chat deliver instant，context-aware responses，challenging traditional search engines and forcing advertisers to rethink their strategies.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能代理在网络购物时的作用，以及其对企业运营、搜索和广告等方面的影响。
9.What can be learned about online shopping from paragraph 1
A.It always works best in holiday seasons.
B.It goes far beyond business principles sometimes.
C.It frequently brings unpleasant shopping experiences.
D.It usually provides the greatest platform for buying shoes.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Online shopping often involves endless options and constantly changing discounts...troublesome nightmares.”可知，网上购物常常意味着有无穷无尽的选择和不断变化的折扣，仅仅搜索一下跑鞋，就可能在多个平台上产生数百条结果，每个结果都承诺自己是“最划算的交易”；假期季节带来了兴奋感，但同时也带来了大量的决策疲惫和令人烦恼的噩梦。这说明网上购物经常带来不愉快的购物体验。故选C。
10.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A.The present applications of AI agents.
B.The potential advantages of AI agents.
C.The increasing popularity of AI agents.
D.The historical background of AI agents.
解析　B　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了人工智能代理的潜在优势。故选B。
11.Which is an impact of AI agents
A.Helping retailers earn more money.
B.Updating traditional search engines.
C.Tracking customers' private information.
D.Replacing the existing advertising strategies.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Retailers (零售商) using AI agents are seeing measurable benefits...improved customer service.”可知，人工智能代理可以帮助零售商赚更多的钱。故选A。
12.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Living a Quality Life with High Tech
B.Reshaping Business via Search Engines
C.Exploring the New World Wide and Far
D.Transforming Online Shopping and Beyond
解析　D　标题归纳题。文章开篇介绍了网上购物存在的问题，引出人工智能代理，接着讲述了人工智能代理在网购时的作用，还提及了人工智能代理对企业运营、搜索和广告等方面的影响。综上可知，文章主要讲述了人工智能代理给网上购物以及其他方面带来的变革，故D项“变革网上购物及其他领域”最适合作为本文标题。
核心 单词 nightmare n.噩梦，梦魇；可怕的经历，难以处理之事　purchase n.购买的东西；购买项目　capable adj.有能力的，有……才能的
scan v.浏览，粗略地看；细看，察看，审视，端详　availability n.可得性；可用性　efficient adj.有效率的，高效能的　negotiate v.谈判，磋商，协商；商定，达成(协议)　corporate adj.公司的；共同的　personalized adj.个性化的；个人化的
核心 短语 in seconds片刻，瞬间　go about sth处理某事，开始做某事　look ahead 向前看，展望未来
谢 谢 观 看(共89张PPT)
板块一 阅读
专题一 阅读理解
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新课程标准明确指出四选一阅读主要考查考生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。要求考生能判断和识别书面语篇的意图，获取其中的重要信息和观点；能识别语篇中的主要事实与观点之间的逻辑关系，理解语篇反映的文化背景；能推断语篇中的隐含意义；能识别语篇中的内容要点和相应支撑论据；能根据定义线索，理解概念性词汇或术语；能理解文本信息与非文本信息的关系。
卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2025 全国一卷 A 应用文 人与自然 全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型方案 328 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与社会 一位写作课教师的教学经历 295 C 议论文 人与社会 城市交通与生活 315 D 说明文 人与自然 微塑料污染及应对方法 328 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2025 全国二卷 A 应用文 人与社会 四个值得一游的英格兰集镇 270 7 5 1 2
B 记叙文 人与社会 儿童医院里的学校 305 C 说明文 人与自然 室内绿植对情绪的积极影响 263 D 说明文 人与社会 Blue Hill餐厅wasted 实验 334 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募 224 9 4 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 中西医结合治疗动物 311 C 议论文 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读的差异 352 D 说明文 人与社会 生物样本数据的可用性研究 381 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 卡洛秋季徒步健身活动 319 7 6 1 1
B 记叙文 人与社会 旧金山阅读亭项目 292 C 说明文 人与社会 巴比伦微型农场 273 D 说明文 人与社会 关于人工智能的书评 332 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 A 应用文 人与社会 自行车租赁公司广告 205 6 7 1 1
B 记叙文 人与自然 污水净化生态机器 336 C 说明文 人与自我 介绍一本倡导数字极简主义的书 318 D 议论文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应 337 卷别 篇目 体裁 主题 话题 词数 题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 词句 猜测 主旨
大意
2023 新课标Ⅱ卷 A 应用文 人与自然 黄石国家公园“护林员”项目 242 8 5 1 1
B 记叙文 人与社会 学校菜园项目 273 C 说明文 人与社会 书籍介绍 326 D 说明文 人与自然 接触自然有益健康 318 主题语境 包含三大主题语境：人与自我、人与社会和人与自然，以人与社会主题居多
文章体裁 以应用文、记叙文、说明文为主，偶尔考查议论文
命题考点 以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以主旨大意题、词义猜测题为辅
题目特征 题干和选项中不会出现生词或中文，题干以问答式为主
答案分布 A、B、C、D四个选项中正确答案的个数均等或大致均等
备考警示 熟练掌握阅读技巧，正确采用略读、寻读、细读等阅读方式
第一讲　细节理解题
细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题和数字计算题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知，直接信息题、间接信息题和综合信息题为高频考点。设问方式以特殊疑问句形式为主，常以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词(组)引出问题。
导航
题型解读
随堂演练
专题强化练(一)　阅读理解之
细节理解题
专题强化练(二)　阅读理解之细节理解题
题型解读
【题型特点】　直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。直接信息题的答案可以或几乎可以直接从原文中找出来。
【图解技巧】
【典例1】　(2025·全国二卷阅读A)
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square，you'll find lovely shops，eateries，and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
21.Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A.In the Ludlow Castle.
B.In the Foodie Center of England.
C.In the Hereford Cathedral.
D.In the Black and White House Museum.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨] 　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为an original copy of the Magna Carta。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句。
C
【题型特点】　此类试题命题的隐蔽性强，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
【图解技巧】
【典例2】　(2025·全国一卷阅读A)
This energy transition (变革) is global，and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is“a little bit mind -blowing，”says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately，analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy，and it will all get used，” says Wipke.
23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A.Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C.Improving energy efficiency.
D.Making electricity more affordable.
B
[自主解答] 　____
[思路点拨] 　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为Wipke suggest和energy transition。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的画线句。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：选项B“加大对可再生能源的投入”是对原文中“speed up the development of green energy”的同义转述。“speed up the development”对应“put more effort”，“green energy”即“renewables”。
【题型特点】　综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳，从而得出正确答案。设问形式如下：What can we learn about...from the...paragraph(s)？；What do...and...have in common？；What similar...do...and...have？等。
【图解技巧】
【典例3】　(2024·浙江1月卷阅读C)
On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand，who farms in that area，has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically，the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary Edmonton urban area from hail，”Mr Stienwand says，“but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
B
28.What does the project aim to do
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
[自主解答]　_______
[思路点拨] 　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为the project。
第二步　寻信息句：定位选文第一段中所提到的“the Alberta Hail Suppression Project”，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed...hailstones.”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：原文明确说飞机播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在形成冰雹前像雨一样落下。B项(防止冰雹的形成)是对原文的归纳概括，符合文义。
【题型特点】　数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是解答英语阅读中的数字计算题必须找出文中的隐含信息，这些隐含信息会涉及对某个长难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题一般出现在广告类、故事类、科学知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类等语篇中。设问方式常以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)引出问题。
【图解技巧】
【典例4】　(2025·全国一卷阅读A)
The greening of planes，trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
C
21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A.11.6%.　　　　　 B.45.1%.
C.74.5%. D.86.1%.
[自主解答]　______
[思路点拨]　第一步　找关键词：题干关键词为road vehicles。
第二步　寻信息句：选文中的图表。
第三步　比对答案和信息句：根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES包括“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”两部分可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。
随堂演练
A
(2025·重庆三模)Summer holidays are coming around again.Guarantee your little one a summer break that will be fun as well as prepare them for the upcoming academic year ahead.Discover some of the best summer camps available across the city this year.
Newton Show HK
This science camp provider from Singapore has two original programmes in Hong Kong this summer.Sign up for The Most Hands on Science for chemistry experiments and interactive activities，and the Harry Potter Science camps for activities inspired by wand making，Quidditch matches，and potion brewing.
Price: From $750 per week (varies by programme)
Treasure Island
Treasure Island has several activities lined up for the summer.The full day surfing camps have three hours of surfing，a one -hour land -based beach safety session，ocean education，and games.The whole -day Summer Extreme Camps include camping，coastal activities，and a night- time journey for older children.
Price: $5，680 for a 5- day camp
Camp Asia HK
Camp Asia HK is offering diverse summer camps packed with interactive activities that aim to light your child's passion for an existing interest or get them to try something new.The programmes include a wide range of subjects，including coding，Intensive English，mathematics，STEM，sports，and more.Book before May 31 to enjoy the 10% early bird discount.
Price: $4，880 for a 5 -day camp
Faust Asia
Faust's week long summer camps will include various programmes.At the Summer Theatre programme，kids will learn drama skills using different themed stories as inspiration.Musical Theatre programme participants will become familiar with their voices，perform selected lines and songs，and learn choreograph (编舞) to accompany their singing and acting.
Price: $3，480 (Ages 4＋)，$3，080 ( Ages 3－4)
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港四个适合儿童的暑期夏令营项目，涵盖科学、戏剧、英语等不同主题，并提供了价格与活动内容信息。
1.Which camp best suits an outdoor enthusiast
A.Newton Show HK. B.Treasure Island.
C.Camp Asia HK. D.Faust Asia.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据Treasure Island部分中“The full -day surfing camps have three hours of surfing...and a night time journey for older children.”可知，Treasure Island提供冲浪、露营和沿海活动，最适合户外爱好者。故选B。
2.How much would one pay to reserve Camp Asia HK on Apr. 4
A.$3，480.　　　　 B.$4，392.
C.$4，880. D.$5，680.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据Camp Asia HK部分中“Price: $4，880 for a 5-day camp”以及“Book before May 31 to enjoy the 10% early bird discount.”可知，如果一个人在4月4日预订Camp Asia HK，需要支付$4，880×90%＝$4，392。故选B。
3.What will campers do in Faust Asia
A.Acquire drama techniques.
B.Create theme-based stories.
C.Produce original songs.
D.Direct various plays.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据Faust Asia部分中“At the Summer Theatre programme，kids will learn drama skills using different themed stories as inspiration.”可知，在Faust Asia露营者将学习戏剧技巧。故选A。
B
(2025·山东德州二模)Mo Wilde's fascinating book，Free Food: Wild Plants and How to Eat Them，makes the case for connecting with nature by finding your cuisine beyond supermarket shelves.
A couple of years ago，the thin branches of an elder (接骨木) bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building，gradually forming what I can only describe as a piece of living wallpaper.Mother Nature was breaking into our boundaries — reminding us who's boss.I thought it was fantastic，but the householder did not.A tree surgeon was called in.
Mo Wilde would have had other ideas.In Free Food, she suggests using elder leaves when cooking potatoes: they have a similar taste to parsley，a plant used as a herb in cooking.This simple way bridges the gap that middlemen，such as supermarkets and grocery shops，have placed between us and the natural world.“We are nature，”Wilde writes.“And making good use of more wild food into our diets will make us more conscious of that.”
Free Food advocates for integration，not complete replacement.For instance，try using leaves instead of tin foil for wrapping delicate food when barbecuing.Tables，like the“Wild Spice Conversion Chart”make wild garlic look downright basic.Do you know sneezewort produces a similar taste to Sichuan pepper Her suggestions even involve using plants for medicinal teas and household items.Wilde's tone is encouraging and her expertise and experience make you trust her，and her enthusiasm makes you turn the page.
Readers whose home is their kitchen will notice that Wilde provides more ideas than recipes.Since reading Free Food, I've found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without an app，though there is always an app that would instantly tell me what they are.The appeal of collecting is that it forces you to pay attention to your surroundings and build a relationship with nature，one plant at a time.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Mo Wilde的著作介绍了通过寻觅野外食物与大自然建立联系，弥合人类饮食与自然世界之间的鸿沟。
4.Why did the householder call in a tree surgeon
A.To remove the elder branches.
B.To repair the blinds.
C.To get another elder tree planted.
D.To replace the wallpaper.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段“A couple of years ago，the thin branches of an elder (接骨木) bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building...A tree surgeon was called in.”可知，一棵接骨木的细枝伸进了房间，作者把它看作是“活墙纸”，但是房主不这么认为，叫来了树木修整专家，由此推知，叫来树木修整专家是为了移除接骨木的细枝，故选A。
5.Where does Mo Wilde see a gap
A.Between elder leaves and parsley.
B.Between our diet and nature gifts.
C.Between wild food and our awareness.
D.Between supermarkets and grocery shops.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Free Food, she suggests using elder leaves when cooking potatoes...between us and the natural world.”可知，Mo Wilde建议使用接骨木叶子替代欧芹，这样就弥合了我们和自然之间的鸿沟，所以他看到了在我们的饮食和自然界的礼物之间的鸿沟，故选B。
6.What can the underlined word“sneezewort”refer to in paragraph 4
A.A health-care tea.
B.A big leaf used as a package.
C.A household cleaning article.
D.A wild plant with a hot flavor.
解析　D　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“‘Wild Spice Conversion Chart’...produces a similar taste to Sichuan pepper”可知，sneezewort味道和四川花椒差不多，由此推知，sneezewort指的是“一种有辣味的野生植物”，故选D。
7.What change has the author undergone after reading Free Food
A.Falling in love with cooking.
B.Starting to collect leaves for recipes.
C.Coming into closer contact with nature.
D.Learning to draw on apps to explore plants.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Since reading Free Food...and build a relationship with nature，one plant at a time.”可知，读完Free Food作者与大自然有了更亲密的接触，故选C。
A篇 核心 单词 1.guarantee vt.保证
2.interactive adj.互动的
3.discount n.折扣
熟词 生义 accompany (生) vt.为……伴奏；
(熟)vt. 陪伴
核心 短语 1.come around 再次出现
2.sign up for 报名参加
3.become familiar with对……熟悉
B篇 核心 单词 1.fantastic adj.极好的
2.replacement n.代替
熟词 生义 delicate (生) adj.精致的； (熟) adj.虚弱的；易碎的
核心 短语 1.make good use of充分利用
2.call in召来
长难句 分析 Since reading Free Food, I've found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without an app，though there is always an app that would instantly tell me what they are.
分析：本句为主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句，though引导让步状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词app，what引导宾语从句。
译文：自阅读了《免费食物》之后，我发现自己会摘些叶子，看看自己是否可以在没有应用程序的情况下辨认它们，尽管总有一个应用程序可以立即告诉我它们是什么。
专题强化练(一)　阅读理解之
细节理解题
A
(2025·湖北十一校第一次联考)
Renew San Francisco Zoo
Spend a Saturday at beautiful gardens for both animals and visitors.
What can be expected
·Becoming part of the Zoo's history
·Sharing and developing new skills and interests
·Weeding and cleaning to remove the need for harmful pesticides (杀虫剂)
·Meeting new people of different backgrounds with the shared goal of conserving the Earth's plant and animal species
Who can volunteer
Adults and children (at least 1 adult per 5 children).
When can I volunteer
The second Saturday of March，June，September，and November，from 8：00 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.We will be closing the gates at 8：15 a.m.No late entries are allowed.
What do I wear
Choose something warm and comfortable that you don't mind getting dirty.The Zoo provides tools and work gloves，but if you have work gloves，bring them just in case.Please wear tough work shoes.
Sponsor a Corporate Renew the Zoo Event
Groups of all sizes can sponsor a private Renew the Zoo day for their companies，when your group works together to complete Zoo projects.Apart from having fun and connecting with team members，your group receives admission to the Zoo，drinks，food and free rides.Zoo staff will help organize each event to ensure your group enjoys the day at the Zoo.
To sign up，e-mail renewthezoo@sfzoo.org.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍旧金山动物园“焕新”活动招募志愿者。
1.What are the volunteers of the Zoo expected to do
A.Collect data on new species.
B.Learn about the Zoo's history.
C.Join eco-friendly gardening.
D.Research gardening techniques.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据What can be expected？部分中的“Weeding and cleaning to remove the need for harmful pesticides(杀虫剂)”可知，志愿者被期待通过除草、打扫来减少有害杀虫剂的使用，做对生态友好的园艺工作。故选C。
2.What rule must be followed by volunteers attending the Zoo event
A.Wearing a specific uniform.
B.Bringing their own tools.
C.Preparing meals in advance.
D.Participating on schedule.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据When can I volunteer？部分中的“We will be closing the gates at 8：15 a.m.No late entries are allowed.”可知，迟到之后无法进入，因此需要志愿者们按时参加。故选D。
3.What is a benefit of sponsoring a Renew the Zoo day for a company
A.Enhancing fellowship among members.
B.Developing bonds with local businesses.
C.Receiving training in animal protection.
D.Getting discounted price on future visits.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据Sponsor a Corporate Renew the Zoo Event部分中的“your group works together to complete Zoo projects.Apart from having fun and connecting with team members”可知，该活动可以增强伙伴关系。故选A。
核心 单词 conserve v.保护；保存　entry n.进入　ensure v.保证；担保；确保
核心 短语 in case以防万一　apart from除了……之外；此外　have fun玩得高兴，过得快活
B
(2025·合肥第一次教学质检)
Visit These Cultural Hot Spots in 2025
Guangzhou Museum of Art, Guangzhou，China
Covered with 21，008 pieces of “fish scales (鳞)” glass，Guangzhou Museum of Art looks like a blooming hero flower.This landmark building features seven floors of exhibits including ancient and contemporary Chinese paintings，watercolors，calligraphy and sculpture.
Opening Hours：Tuesday to Sunday：9 a.m.－5 p.m.
Closed：Monday
Istanbul Modern, Istanbul, Türkiye
In Istanbul，there's a 110，000-square-foot art space given to Renzo Piano，a famous Italian architect，to show modern art from Türkiye and beyond.The building has a shiny aluminum (铝) surface that mirrors the nearby Bosporus.Inside，glass-walled rooms feature large abstract paintings.The café at the top offers a breathtaking view of Asia，with a small “pool” that seems to stretch to the horizon.
Opening Hours：Tuesday to Thursday，Saturday and Sunday：10 a.m.－6 p.m.
Friday：10 a.m.－8 p.m.
Closed：Monday
Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington，D.C., USA
Fans of the Bard will find the world's largest collection of Shakespeareana，including writings or items related to Shakespeare，at this newly restored and expanded museum and library reopening in June.Located in Washington，D.C.'s Capitol Hill neighborhood，the Folger has more First Folios — the rare 1623 book containing all of Shakespeare's plays — than anywhere else in the world.An Elizabethan-style stage presents both classic and new works.
Opening hours：Tuesday，Wednesday and Sunday：11 a.m.－6 p.m.
Thursday，Friday and Saturday：11 a.m.－9 p.m.
Closed：Monday
Canadian Canoe Museum, Ontario, Canada
One of the best things about visiting the world's largest collection of canoes and kayaks (皮艇) You can actually row up to it.The streamlined，boat-shaped facility，which has its grand opening in May，is located lakeside in Peterborough.After seeing more than 600 boats or learning to carve paddles with Anishinaabe artists，visitors can go on a group boat trip around Little Lake.
Opening hours：Monday to Friday (May to October)：10 a.m.－5 p.m.
Monday to Friday (November to April)：10 a.m.－4 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday：1 p.m.－4 p.m.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述的是2025年值得访问的文化热点，包括广州艺术博物馆、伊斯坦布尔现代艺术博物馆等地标性文化设施。
4.What is a shared feature of Guangzhou Museum of Art and Istanbul Modern
A.They have unique architectural designs.
B.They mainly display ancient art.
C.They have exactly the same opening hours.
D.They host some of the finest cafés.
解析　A　细节理解题。文章介绍广州艺术博物馆时提到“Covered with 21，008 pieces of ‘fish scales (鳞)’ glass，Guangzhou Museum of Art looks like a blooming hero flower.”，广州艺术博物馆看起来像一朵盛开的英雄花；而介绍伊斯坦布尔现代艺术博物馆时提到“The building has a shiny aluminum(铝) surface that mirrors the nearby Bosporus.”，它拥有闪亮的铝质外表面，反射出附近博斯普鲁斯海峡的景象。两者都强调了其独特的建筑设计。故选A。
5.What can visitors do at Folger Shakespeare Library
A.View a collection of modern art.
B.Get copies of First Folios for free.
C.Restore the collected writings and items.
D.Enjoy plays on an Elizabethan-style stage.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington，D.C., USA部分中的“the Folger has more First Folios — the rare 1623 book containing all of Shakespeare's plays—than anywhere else in the world.An Elizabethan-style stage presents both classic and new works”可知，这个图书馆收藏的《第一对开本》数量比世界上其他任何地方都多——这本罕见的1623年的书籍包含了莎士比亚的所有剧作，一个伊丽莎白时代风格的舞台上可以上演经典作品和新作品。由此推测，游客可以在这家图书馆欣赏在伊丽莎白时代风格的舞台上呈现的戏剧。故选D。
6.What are the Sunday opening hours of the Canadian Canoe Museum in December
A.10：00－16：00. B.10：00－17：00.
C.11：00－21：00. D.13：00－16：00.
解析　D　细节理解题。Canadian Canoe Museum，Ontario，Canada部分中的“Saturday and Sunday：1 p.m.－4 p.m.”包含了D项时间段。故选D。
核心 单词 landmark n.地标　feature n.特征v.以……为特色，是……的特征　exhibit n.展品，展出物；展览会　contemporary adj.当代的　calligraphy n.书法　sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品　architect n.建筑设计师　abstract adj.(画、设计等)抽象(派)的　breathtaking adj.壮观的，惊人的，激动人心的　stretch v.延伸，绵延　horizon n.地平线　restore v.整修　rare adj.珍贵的　facility n.设施
熟词 生义 mirror 常用义：n.镜子　文章义：v.映照，反射
C
(2025·重庆一诊)Dragons，mythical creatures of power and magic，have captured the imagination of people across cultures for centuries.However，the perception and symbolism of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.
In the East，particularly in China，the dragon is a respectable symbol of power，strength，and good luck.It is often associated with the element of water and is believed to have the ability to control rain and floods.The Chinese dragon most resembles a snake，and has four claws and no wings.It also represents the imperial power，so ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns，which were known as dragon robes.The dragon is often used in traditional art and festivals in China，such as the Dragon Boat Festival.Many Chinese view the dragon as a national representative，thus proudly referring to themselves as “Generations of the Dragon”.
In contrast，Western dragon culture portrays dragons as fearsome，firebreathing creatures that spread violence and terror throughout the land.They are typically shown with large，batlike wings，sharp claws，and a long tail.Western dragons are known for guarding vast piles of gold and jewels and are often defeated by heroes in various stories.They symbolize chaos and destruction，and their defeat is seen as a triumph of good over evil.
Despite these differences，dragons in both cultures are seen as powerful and wise beings.They are a source of fascination and have inspired countless stories，art，and even modern-day movies and games.The dragon's ability to fly and its connection to the element make it a symbol of freedom and the ability to overcome obstacles.Today，dragons continue to evolve，exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture.They are no longer associated with evil or good，but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了东西方文化中龙的形象及其象征意义存在显著差异。
7.What do Western and Eastern dragons have in common
A.They are intelligent and powerful.
B.They are in the shape of snakes.
C.They have rough skin and tails.
D.They have big claws and wings.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Despite these differences，dragons in both cultures are seen as powerful and wise beings.”可知，东西方的龙都被视为强大和智慧的生物。A项的“intelligent and powerful”与文中的“powerful and wise”表述一致。故选A。
8.Why do Chinese call themselves “Generations of the Dragon”？
A.They can see dragons everywhere in China.
B.They regard the dragon as a symbol of China.
C.Dragons are considered as mythical creatures in China.
D.Chinese emperors' clothes were decorated with dragons.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段对中国龙的介绍，尤其是“Many Chinese view the dragon as a national representative，thus proudly referring to themselves as ‘Generations of the Dragon’.”可知，中国人把龙视为国家的象征，所以称自己是“龙的传人”。B项的“a symbol of China”与文中的“a national representative”是同义转换。故选B。
9.What roles do dragons play in modern global culture
A.They symbolize both good and evil.
B.They are still associated with disasters.
C.They represent freedom and destruction.
D.They are seen as comprehensive characters.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They are no longer...complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations.”可知，如今，龙在现代全球文化中被视为具有独特个性和动机的复杂角色，与D项的“They are seen as comprehensive characters”意义对应。故选D。
10.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To compare Eastern and Western dragons.
B.To show the evolution of dragons in literature.
C.To highlight cultural differences between Eastern and Western dragons.
D.To argue for the importance of dragons in modern society.
解析　C　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“However，the perception and symbolism of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.”可知，文章主要围绕东西方龙之间的文化差异展开，通过对比，阐述了不同文化对龙的认识和龙的象征意义。因此，作者写本文的目的是强调东西方龙之间的文化差异。故选C。
核心 单词 mythical adj.神秘的；神奇的　capture v.引起(注意、想象、兴趣)　perception n.认识，观念，看法　resemble v.类似，像　imperial adj.帝国的，皇帝的　fascination n.着迷，迷恋　obstacle n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍　boundary n.限度，界限；极限
专题强化练(二)　阅读理解之
细节理解题
A
(2025·济南质检)Stanford University has announced a special distance-learning opportunity for outstanding high school and university students from China with the course titled “Design Thinking into Action：Adolescent Psychological and Physical Health”.
Fall course dates
September 21 to November 23.(Final deadline to apply：August 31.Early-bird deadline：June 1) Applications are considered on a rolling basis.
Tuition (学费)
$4，000 (Early-bird：$3，500).10% off for two or more sign-ups.
What to gain
Students who successfully complete the course will receive a Certificate of Completion from Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education，Stanford University.Students will also gain practical and academic skills.
10 “virtual classes” online in real time on Saturday mornings at 9：00 Beijing time；
Pre-recorded，university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University；
Real-time discussions led by guest lecturers to familiarize students with the dynamics of classroom participation in Stanford University；
Short writing assignments to improve critical thinking skills.
Requirements included：
Registration in grades 10，11，or 12 in a high school in China with outstanding academic experience，or in year 1 or 2 in a university in China；
Ability to read，write，and discuss complex ideas in English；
A complete application including a written personal statement，school report and availability for a virtual interview；
Use of a personal computer，camera，microphone，and reliable access to a broadband Internet connection.
Admission to this program is competitive; up to 30 outstanding students will be accepted.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是斯坦福大学提供的远程学习。
1.What is the payment for two early-bird applicants
A.$3，500.　　　　 B.$4，000.
C.$6，300. D.$7，000.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据 Tuition (学费) 部分的内容可知，早期申请者的学费每人3 500美元，两人或多人一起报名可以享受10%的折扣。因此，两个早期申请者的总费用是3500×2×(1－10%)＝6300(美元)。故选C。
2.What does the course offer to students
A.Discussions with Stanford students.
B.Professional instructions in writing.
C.10 classes in the Standford campus.
D.Some recorded lectures by experts.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据What to gain 部分的“Pre-recorded，university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University”可知，该课程提供预先录制的斯坦福大学一流学者的大学水平的讲座。D项的“experts”与文中的“leading scholars”是同义表达。故选D。
3.What is a must for applicants
A.A good grasp of English.
B.A recommendation letter.
C.Experience in interviews.
D.Completion of high school.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据 Requirements included 部分的“Ability to read，write，and discuss complex ideas in English” 可知，申请者必须具备用英语阅读、写作和讨论复杂想法的能力。故选A。
核心 单词 outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的，出色的　academic adj.学术的，学业的，教学的　virtual adj.虚拟的　dynamics n.动态　assignment n.(分派的)工作，任务　critical adj.批判的　access n.进入权，使用权，接触的机会
B
(2025·广东二调)Last year，my husband and I decided to make our 12-storey building more of a community.We live in a small rented apartment in Parkmerced，a large housing development.I would call us lower-middle-class.A lot of nurses，bus drivers，and tradesmen live here，many of them 1st- or 2nd- generation immigrants (移民).
We're all renters.Renters come and go and tend not to see the building they live in as their home.But it can be done.We started with a monthly two-hour social in the building lobby (前厅) on the second Friday of each month.Some people came，between 15 and 30 each time.The events lasted two hours，but there wasn't much to do besides talking，eating snacks and drinking juice.The socials were nice，but most residents gave them a miss.
Then one day I was on the nearby campus of San Francisco State University.A young man from a social club for students had a big sign about “Building Community”.I asked him，“How do you do that？” He said they tried to get people to share something about themselves with at least one other person.That made a lot of sense to me.
I bought a large world map.At the social，I taped it on the lobby wall with signs that said “Where We're From.Put a green sticker where you were born and yellow stickers where your grandparents were born.” People put up their stickers and saw where other people came from.We left the map up overnight，and the next day，Saturday，more people played.I planned to leave the map and stickers up for a month or more.They certainly made the lobby more interesting than it usually was.
I see that there will be challenges，but I also know that a strong community will help us live good lives.I have the time and energy to do this work.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者为了让她住的社区的居民有归属感所做的努力和取得的成就等。
4.What trouble did the author have building a community
A.The community was poor.
B.She lacked money.
C.Renters had no sense of belonging.
D.Her neighbors were all immigrants.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“We're all renters.Renters come and go and tend not to see the building they live in as their home.”可知，作者他们都是租户，而且流动性很大，他们往往不会把这栋楼当成自己家，也就是说这些租户没有归属感。故选C。
5.How did the author find her earlier events
A.Fruitful. B.Ordinary.
C.Inspiring. D.Messy.
解析　B　观点态度题。根据第二段的“The events lasted two hours，but there wasn't much...but most residents gave them a miss.”可知，这些活动持续两个小时，但是人们除了聊天、吃点心和喝果汁也没做其他事。联谊会很不错，但是大多数居民不予理会。所以作者认为这些活动平淡无奇。故选B。
6.What did the author do in order to change the socials
A.Adopt a sharing game.
B.Add foods and drinks.
C.Admit experienced locals.
D.Ask some students for support.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者买了一张大的世界地图，在联谊会上把它固定在前厅的墙上，并配有这样的字样：我们来自哪里。把绿色的贴纸贴在你出生的地方，把黄色的贴纸贴在你(外)祖父母出生的地方。有人参与了游戏，且周六有更多人加入。由此可知，作者采用了一个分享游戏。故选A。
7.Which of the following best describes the author
A.Responsible and strict.
B.Demanding and ambitious.
C.Knowledgeable and modest.
D.Insightful and determined.
解析　D　推理判断题。作者小区里的居民全都是租户，没有归属感，作者和其丈夫决定让这里更像一个社区。由此可知，作者富有洞察力；再根据最后一段的内容可知，作者明白会有挑战，但是也知道一个强大的社区会帮助他们过上好生活，而且作者有时间和精力去做这件事。由此可知，作者是坚定的。故选D。
核心 单词 social n.联谊会，联欢会　tape v.用胶带粘住　sticker n.粘贴标签，贴纸
核心 短语 a housing development住宅区　give sth a miss不予理睬，不理会　make a lot of sense非常合理　put up张贴
C
(2025·广东六校第三次联考)The corn eaten around the world today originated in Mexico nearly 10，000 years ago.From the ancient rituals of the Mayans to modern-day dishes like tortillas，corn is central to culture，cuisine，and identity in this region.
To protect this heritage，Mexico is fighting to phase out genetically modified (GM) US-grown corn this year.The Mexican government claims that banning GM corn will protect the country's native corn varieties.Yet the announcement aroused strong objections from the US，whose largest annual customer for GM corn is often Mexico.The US claims that the GM ban breaks the trade agreement between the two countries.
Mexico insists that modified seeds threaten Mexico's agricultural traditions and cultural identity.In the US，most corn is grown with seeds produced by large companies，which create just a handful of genetically identical corn varieties grown on a large scale.In Mexico，however，seeds come from seed-sharing practices among small-scale farms，which facilitates more diversity and allows farmers to grow corn that ranges widely in color and size.
“Traditional varieties maintain a substantial amount of genetic diversity，” says Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra，an ecologist at the University of California，but he doesn't think banning GM corn will help preserve these varieties，and points to a decrease in small-scale farms as the greater threat to native corn.“If traditional farmers abandon subsistence farming (自给农业)，we're potentially losing diversity whether that crop is GM or traditionally bred，so economic policy has a much bigger impact on the risk of corn diversity than the adoption of GM corn.” Since Mexico began importing US corn，small-scale farms have been declining.
Mauricio Bellon，a research professor at the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems，believes that while threatened species are often stored in gene banks，the relationship between a farmer and their crop plays a crucial conservation role.“Evolution at scale continues with corn in Mexico through millions of farmers，” he says.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。玉米是墨西哥文化、美食、特征的重要组成部分。为了保护这一遗产，墨西哥今年正在努力逐步淘汰美国种植的转基因玉米。本文分析了墨西哥这一举措的原因，以及不同科学家对此的态度。
8.Why is Mexico prohibiting GM corn
A.To break the trade agreement.
B.To cost the cost of importing corn.
C.To safeguard its own types of corn.
D.To get rid of the dependence on the US.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“The Mexican government claims that banning GM corn will protect the country's native corn varieties.”可知，墨西哥政府声称，禁止转基因玉米将保护该国的本土玉米品种。由此可知，墨西哥禁止转基因玉米是为了保护自己国家的玉米品种，故选C。
9.What is different in corn production practices between the US and Mexico from paragraph 3
A.The scale of farms. B.The source of corn seeds.
C.The ownership of farmland. D.The concept between farmers.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“In the US，most corn is grown with seeds produced by large companies...In Mexico，however，seeds come from seed-sharing practices among small-scale farms”可知，在美国，大多数玉米都是用大公司生产的种子种植的，这些大公司只生产少量大规模种植的基因相同的玉米品种，然而，在墨西哥，种子来自小规模农场之间的种子共享。由此可知，美国和墨西哥玉米种子来源不同，故选B。
10.What does Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra believe is a greater threat to native corn varieties
A.The adoption of GM corn.
B.The decline in small-scale farms.
C.The lack of economic policy support.
D.The disappearance of traditional farming practices.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段的“he doesn't think...points to a decrease in small-scale farms as the greater threat to native corn”可知，Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra 指出小规模农场的减少是对本土玉米的更大威胁，故选B。
11.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Biodiversity contributes to species evolution.
B.GM corn has negative effects on traditional farms.
C.Gene banks effectively conserve endangered species.
D.Traditional farming practices help in maintaining corn varieties.
解析　D　推理判断题。最后一段讲Mauricio Bellon认为虽然受到威胁的物种通常被储存在基因库中，但农民与作物之间的关系在保护(作物)中起着至关重要的作用，墨西哥数百万的农民种植玉米，大规模的发展仍在继续。由此可推知，Mauricio Bellon认为墨西哥的传统种植玉米的方法重视农民与作物之间的关系，有助于保护当地玉米的品种，故选D。
核心 单词 originate v.发源，开始，起源　ritual n.惯例，仪式，礼节　arouse v.激起，引起(感情、态度)　scale n.规模，范围，程度　facilitate v.促进，使便利　diversity n.多样性，多样化；差异(性)，不同(点)　substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的，重大的　breed v.饲养，培育；(动物)交配繁殖；养育，哺育　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
熟词 生义 central (Para.1)常用义：adj.中心的，中部的，在中间的　文章义：adj.重要的，主要的
核心 短语 phase out逐步停止使用，逐步淘汰
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