资源简介

第一讲　细节理解题
　　细节理解题是高考阅读的基石,占比超过“半壁江山”。它看似简单——在文中找到对应信息即可,但如今的命题早已超越了“原词复现”的初级阶段。它往往考查在信息海洋中精准定位、在“高度相似”的选项中辨别真伪、在原文基础上合理转述的综合能力。
考什么——透视细节题的“命题密码”
1.常见设问方式
(1)特殊疑问句形式。以 when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词引出问题。这是最常见的设问形式。
(2)以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。
2.正确选项特征
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
3.干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合,部分相悖
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识,但不是文章内容
张冠李戴 是文章细节,但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确,部分错误
4.热点考向
5.解题步骤
备考提示:细节理解题的本质是一场信息匹配的游戏。你的任务不是创作,而是发现。通过“三步锁定法”的刻意练习,你会发现,无论文章多长、主题多深,解开细节题的钥匙,永远藏在原文的字里行间。
怎么考——铸造细节题的“四大破题利器”
面对不同类型的细节题,我们要告别“通读全文再做题”的低效模式,掌握以下四大核心考向,从而实现从“大海捞针”到“GPS制导”的飞跃。
考向1　直接信息题——“定—寻—比”法
此为细节题的基石,答案通常是原文信息的直接呈现或简单复述。掌握此法,即可秒杀送分题。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读A) 22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 自主解答　C [导引] Step 1:定——关键词定位 题干关键词为:go green和comparatively easily。 Step 2:寻——文中寻句 根据题干关键词定位到TRAINS—Electricity部分的关键句:Some trains are...others can be made electric in pretty simple ways。 Step 3:比——选项比对 比对答案:“pretty simple ways”直接对应题干中的“comparatively easily”,直接锁定选项。 [图解]
考向2　间接信息题——同义转换法
同义转换是命题人最常用的“伪装术”。答案是原文信息的“改写”或“换一种说法”,考查考生识别“潜台词”的能力。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读B) But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ”Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change. 25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. 自主解答　D [导引] Step 1:定位信息区间 用关键词perform poorly和first essay定位到原文第二段。 Step 2:解码原文内涵 由原文关键句“They could have...simply didn’t strike them as important.”可知,学生认为写作本身不重要,即缺乏写作兴趣导致表现不佳。 Step 3:匹配同义改写 “They had little interest in the topic.”与原文关键句完美匹配。 [图解]
考向3　数字计算题——“定—筛—算”法
此类题目看似简单,实则考验信息筛选和简单运算的准确性。陷阱往往在于信息干扰或信息整合。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读A) Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. 自主解答　C [导引] Step 1:定——定位数字 定位到图表中与road vehicles相关的部分。找到两个数字:ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%和ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%。 Step 2:筛——筛选信息 题干问的是road vehicles的总和,因此客运(PASSENGER)和货运(GOODS)都需要计算在内。 Step 3:算——准确计算/判断 进行加法运算:45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。将计算结果与选项比对,锁定正确选项。 [图解]
考向4　综合信息题——归纳概括法
当答案无法从单一“关键句”获得时,考生需要化身侦探,将散落在不同位置的线索拼合成完整的证据链。
[典例]　(2025·全国二卷阅读B) “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,”says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really what it is here.”... Still,in room 386,academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that,there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,”Ho says.“I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” 25.What is a characteristic of Ho’s job A.Prioritizing academics. B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases. D.Playing multiple roles. 自主解答　D [导引] Step 1:多点定位 题干问Ho’s job的特点。扫描全文,找到所有描述她工作的句子。 Step 2:整合信息 信息1:I don’t like saying that...what it is here. 信息2:...academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority. 信息3:I’m a coach...be a hospital teacher. Step 3:提炼共性 将这些线索整合起来,发现Ho的工作远不止“教学”,她还需要扮演多种角色。 [图解]
　运用所学方法解答下列题目
1.(2025·全国二卷阅读A)
Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.
What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A.Try the Cornish pie.
B.Watch a British TV show.
C.Go fishing in the sea.
D.Take pictures of the harbor.
本题为直接信息题。
定位:题干关键词suggest visitors do和in Mevagissey。
寻句:快速定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句:Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.
比对:该句直接给出了对游客的建议。Don’t leave without...是一种强烈的建议语气,与选项A意思完全吻合。
2.(2025·全国一卷阅读A)
This energy transition (变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,”says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,”says Wipke.
What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A.Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C.Improving energy efficiency.
D.Making electricity more affordable.
本题为间接信息题。
定位:题干关键词Wipke suggest和energy transition。
解码:定位到Wipke的原话:We need to speed up the development of green energy...。这里的green energy与文中的renewable energy是同义概念。
匹配:speed up the development与选项B中的 Putting more effort into构成了完美的同义转述。
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A)
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day(24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B.19.50.
C.22.75. D.29.50.
本题为数字计算题。
寻找:题干要求计算 a bike with hand brake and three gears租 two days的费用。
筛选:在表格中找到对应列 Hand Brake,Three Gears。筛选出两个关键价格:1 day (24 hours)的价格是14.75,以及 Each additional day的价格是8.00。
计算:两天的费用=第1天的费用+额外1天的费用,即14.75+8.00=22.75,故选C项。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A)
Choice of Walks for Beginner
and Experienced Walkers
…
Walk 1—The Natural World
…
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 09:00
Start Point:Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration:6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
…
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00
Start Point:Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration:5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
…
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30
Start Point:The Town Hall
Walk Duration:3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
…
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45
Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration:1.5 hours
What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing.
B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point.
D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
本题为综合信息题。
多点定位:题干关键词four walks和in common。需要定位到四个步行方案中各自的 Date and Time 信息。
整合信息:
Walk 1:Saturday (星期六)
Walk 2:Sunday (星期日)
Walk 3:Saturday (星期六)
Walk 4:Sunday (星期日)
提炼共性:将四个日期信息整合,发现它们都发生在Saturday或Sunday。这两个日子的共同属性是它们都属于 the weekend (周末)。因此,四个活动的共同点是被安排在周末,故选D项。
1 词汇积累:take shape形成,成形　　　 　harbor-side markets港口边的集市 熟词生义:working熟义:工作的,劳动的　生义:仍在运作的,仍在使用的 原文出处:The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.
2 词汇积累:transition /tr n z n/ n.过渡,转变,变革　mechanical /m k n kl/ adj.机械的 mind-blowing / ma nd bl / adj.令人兴奋的;令人震惊的 熟词生义:green熟义:绿色的　生义:环保的 原文出处:We need to speed up the development of green energy...
3 词汇积累:brake /bre k/ n.刹车,制动器　　　　gear /ɡ (r)/ n.(自行车的)排挡,齿轮
4 词汇积累:duration /dju re n/ n.持续时间　　　recreation / rekri e n/ n.娱乐,消遣 start point出发点
强化练1　细节理解题专练
(限时:25分钟　满分:37.5分)
A
(2026·济南高三教学质量检测)
Stanford University has announced a special distance-learning opportunity for outstanding high school and university students from China with the course titled “Design Thinking into Action:Adolescent Psychological and Physical Health”.
Fall course dates
September 21 to November 23,2025.(Final deadline to apply:August 31,2025.Early-bird deadline:June 1,2025.) Applications are considered on a rolling basis.
Tuition(学费)
$4,000 (Early-bird:$3,500).10% off for two or more sign-ups.
What to gain
Students who successfully complete the course will receive a Certificate of Completion from Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education,Stanford University.Students will also gain practical and academic skills.
·10 “virtual classes” online in real time on Saturday mornings at 9:00 Beijing time;
·Pre-recorded,university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University;
·Real-time discussions led by guest lecturers to familiarize students with the dynamics of classroom participation in Stanford University;
·Short writing assignments to improve critical thinking skills.
Requirements included:
·Registration in grades 10,11,or 12 in a high school in China with outstanding academic experience,or in year 1 or 2 in a university in China;
·Ability to read,write,and discuss complex ideas in English;
·A complete application including a written personal statement,school report and availability for a virtual interview;
·Use of a personal computer,camera,microphone,and reliable access to a broadband Internet connection.
Admission to this program is competitive;up to 30 outstanding students will be accepted.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学提供的远程学习课程。
1.What is the payment for two early-bird applicants
A.$3,500. B.$4,000.
C.$6,300. D.$7,000.
答案　C　[数字计算题。根据Tuition(学费)部分的内容可知,早期申请者的学费是每人3 500美元,两人或多人一起报名可以享受10%的折扣。因此,两个早期申请者的总费用是3 500×2×(1-10%)=6 300(美元)。]
2.What does the course offer to students
A.Discussions with Stanford students.
B.Professional instructions in writing.
C.10 classes on the Stanford campus.
D.Some recorded lectures by experts.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据What to gain部分的“Pre-recorded,university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University”可知,该课程提供预先录制的斯坦福大学一流学者的大学水平的讲座。D项的“experts”与文中的“leading scholars”是同义表达。]
3.What is a must for applicants
A.A good grasp of English.
B.A recommendation letter.
C.Experience in interviews.
D.Completion of high school.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Requirements included部分的“Ability to read,write,and discuss complex ideas in English”可知,申请者必须具备用英语阅读、写作和讨论复杂想法的能力。]
B
(2026·石家庄高三教学质量检测)
Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson was surprised.When he came to New York to study photography five years ago,he found a large collection of images of life in Africa in the city’s libraries and museums.Here he was thousands of miles from Ghana,surrounded by more visual history of Africa than he had ever seen back home.
That inspired him to create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home,allowing people to learn about their history and giving them tools to tell new stories of the continent.It has been realized with the creation of the Dikan Center in Accra,Ghana’s capital.Dikan means “take the lead” in the Akan language.
This isn’t the only time Ninson set his sights on a seemingly impossible dream.Photography isn’t exactly valued as a career path in Ghana.Ninson says,“If you tell your parents you’re going to be a photographer,it was like,‘What Go be a lawyer.’”But Ninson felt photography was his calling.He was deeply influenced by the rich family history of storytelling passed down through his grandparents and later,attracted by a friend’s images,developed a love of photography.It felt natural to combine the two,so he dove in.With great determination,he managed to collect more than 30,000 volumes.In December 2022,the Dikan Center opened.
Ghanaian Daniella Afful was particularly moved by Dikan’s exhibition,and said it gave her a new viewpoint on her country’s past and present.She said,“Dikan has made art and photography more significant.It has given us the hope that we may soon have a music library in Ghana.We could have a film library in Ghana—anything just to preserve our history and make history.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了加纳摄影记者Paul Ninson在纽约发现大量关于非洲生活的影像资料,受此启发,他在加纳首都创建迪坎中心,收藏摄影图书,让人们了解非洲历史。
4.What surprised Paul Ninson in New York
A.Many pictures about Africa.
B.Historical photography exhibits.
C.Video materials about Ghana.
D.Photography training courses.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson was surprised.When he came to New York...he found a large collection of images of life in Africa in the city’s libraries and museums.”可知,他在纽约的图书馆和博物馆里发现了大量关于非洲生活的图片,这让他感到惊讶。故选A。]
5.Why did Ninson create the Dikan Center in Ghana
A.To spread African culture globally.
B.To improve people’s living conditions.
C.To offer Africans insights into their roots.
D.To develop the photobook market in Ghana.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That inspired him to create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home,allowing people to learn about their history...the creation of the Dikan Center”可知,Ninson创建迪坎中心是为了把非洲的故事带回家,让非洲人了解自己的历史,也就是为了让非洲人了解他们的根源。故选C。]
6.Why did Ninson choose to tell stories with photographs
A.It was quite popular in Ghana.
B.His parents encouraged him to do so.
C.He was influenced by his family and friend.
D.He used to study photography in New York.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was deeply influenced by...It felt natural to combine the two,so he dove in.”可知,他受祖父母传承下来的家族讲故事传统的影响,后来又被朋友的图片吸引而爱上摄影,他觉得把两者结合起来很自然,所以他受到了家人和朋友的影响而选择用照片讲故事。故选C。]
7.What does Daniella Afful think of Dikan’s exhibition
A.Challenging. B.Entertaining.
C.Astonishing. D.Inspiring.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段内容,尤其是其中的“it gave her a new viewpoint on her country’s past and present”“It has given us the hope”可知,Daniella Afful认为迪坎中心的展览让她对国家的过去和现在有了新的视角,并且给了他们希望,所以她觉得展览是鼓舞人心的。故选D。]
C
(2026·郑州高三第一次质量预测)
Artificial intelligence (AI) might be the biggest winner of the Nobel Prize in 2024.US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI rapid growth,according to Reuters.
In 1982,Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns,similar to how our brains remember things.A year later,Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine,which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data,such as identifying specific objects in images.
As for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry,US scientists David Baker and John Jumper,along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis,won the prize.Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold 2.
Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function.However,AlphaFold 2,developed by the AI research laboratory DeepMind,can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins,showing great potential in the field of drug development.
“AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve obtaining outputs from inputs,showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily.
In his view,AI applications are not limited to fields like biology,chemistry or physics.Their range mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process,and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks.
AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident.Yang believes that scientists should actively accept this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations.Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference.“We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences,particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said.
“Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical (合乎道德的) way,for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons,Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖的获得者以及其成果的介绍,说明人工智能有可能成为2024年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家,并说明了人工智能在科研中的重要作用、应用范围及局限性等。
8.What was John Hopfield’s contribution to the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
A.Inventing a new learning machine.
B.Designing a new type of data processor.
C.Creating an AI model for image analysis.
D.Developing a network for pattern storage.
答案　D　[细节理解题。第一段讲John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton因在机器学习方面的发现和发明获得了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖;第二段首句讲John Hopfield创建了一个网络,帮助计算机存储和检索模式,类似于人们大脑记忆事物的方式。由此可知,第二段首句介绍的内容就是John Hopfield 对2024年诺贝尔物理学奖的贡献,故选D。]
9.Why is AlphaFold 2 important in the field of drug development
A.It can forecast protein folding patterns.
B.It can produce new proteins for drug use.
C.It can identify proteins related to diseases.
D.It can analyze the genetic orders of proteins.
答案　A　[细节理解题。第四段讲几十年来,科学家们一直在努力预测蛋白质如何折叠成决定其功能的3D形状,而AlphaFold 2可以准确预测几乎所有已知蛋白质的3D结构,展示了在药物开发领域的巨大潜力。由此可知,AlphaFold 2可以预测蛋白质折叠模式,这对药物开发领域很关键,故选A。]
10.What may determine the potential of AI applications according to Yang Maojun
A.The accuracy of AI training data.
B.The effectiveness of machine learning.
C.The availability of enough real-world data.
D.The level of real-world problem settlement.
答案　C　[细节理解题。第六段提到杨茂君的观点“Their range mainly depends on...whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks(人工智能应用的范围主要取决于现实世界中的问题能在多大程度上提取成人工智能可以学习和处理的形式,以及是否有足够的现实世界的数据来训练和构建深度学习网络)”。由此可知,杨茂君认为,获得足够的真实世界的数据可能决定了人工智能应用的潜力,故选C。]
11.What can be the best title of the passage
A.AI also has its weak points
B.AI should benefit humankind
C.AI steals the show at the Nobel Prize
D.AI may run out of control in the future
答案　C　[标题归纳题。文章第一段首句点明人工智能有可能成为2024年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家,接着具体介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖的获得者以及其成果,然后引用清华大学杨茂君教授的观点来说明人工智能在科研中的重要作用、应用范围及局限性等。由此可知,全文围绕人工智能在2024年诺贝尔奖中的突出表现展开,故C项“人工智能在诺贝尔奖上抢尽风头”最适合作本文的标题。steal the show是固定短语,意为“吸引更多的注意,抢风头”。]
D
(2026·沈阳高三教学质量监测)
In a study,152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.Those who read an article that had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation—meaning it specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts.
For this study,researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water.The students then read two articles:one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease.The participants all read the same misinformation,but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional “just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation.The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before,or after,the misinformation.
A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions—but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.Those who had read the refutation article either before,or after,the misinformation had fewer misconceptions.They also had more positive emotions toward the subject.
With large amounts of information easily available online,it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood.This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution”—when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information.“Your mind doesn’t discriminate contents.Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception,it just absorbs it,” Danielson,a psychology researcher,says.Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation.This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective.Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究案例来说明不同信息的呈现方式对纠正错误认知的效果。
12.What do we know about the student participants in the study
A.They were divided into two groups.
B.They got misinformation first.
C.They were shown the right information.
D.They read the same two articles.
答案　C　[细节理解题。文章第一段介绍了研究结果,第二段解释研究过程。根据第二段中的“The students then read two...and prevents dental disease.”可知,参与的学生阅读了两篇文章:一篇包含虚假信息,另一篇则提出了科学观点。第二段末句“The study also tested...the misinformation.”提到,研究还测试了让参与者在阅读错误信息之前或之后阅读正确文章的效果。由此可知,实验过程中,虽顺序不同,但学生参与者都阅读了正确的信息。故选C。]
13.In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles
A.Misinformation first,then refutation.
B.“Just the facts” first,then misinformation.
C.Refutation first,then misinformation.
D.Misinformation first,then “just the facts”.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a ‘just the facts’ type text”可知,表现最差的小组是先看到了错误信息,然后阅读了“仅事实”类型的文本。]
14.What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Correction. B.Disturbance.
C.Occurrence. D.Comprehension.
答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Your mind doesn’t discriminate contents.Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception,it just absorbs it”可知,你的大脑不会对内容进行区分,无论是正确的概念还是误解,它都会吸收。所以研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息的“noise”的方式来教授科学,noise应是与disturbance“干扰”意义相近。]
15.How does the text develop
A.Fact-Contrast-Explanation-Expectation
B.Introduction-Process-Result-Conclusion
C.Background-Problem-Analysis-Solution
D.Topic-Classification-Discussion-Outcome
答案　B　[文章结构题。文章共有四段,首段以研究结论引入话题;第二段介绍实验过程;第三段介绍实验结果;第四段分析原因,得出结论(最后两句)。]
A篇 virtual adj.虚拟的　dynamic n.& adj.动态(的)　assignment n.(分派的)工作,任务→作业(文章义)　program n.项目,计划→课程(文章义)　report n.报告→成绩单(文章义:school report)　familiar adj.熟悉的→familiarize v.使了解,使熟悉　available adj.可获得的,可购得的→availability n.可用性　pre-recorded adj.预先录制的　real-time adj.实时的　on a rolling basis以滚动方式
B篇 volume n.音量;体积;量;卷,册(指书籍)　calling n.呼喊;职业→(强烈的)使命感,天职(文章义)　photojournalist n.摄影记者(合成词:photo+journalist)　seem v.看起来,似乎→seeming adj.表面上的,貌似……的→seemingly adv.看上去,表面上;看样子　set one’s sights on把目标定在……上,立志于　dive in全身心投入
C篇 computational adj.计算的　ethical adj.合乎道德的,伦理的　process v.处理→processor n.处理器　gene n.基因→genetic adj.基因的,遗传学的　effective adj.有效的→effectiveness n.有效性,效力　recall v.回忆;召回→(计算机)检索,提取(信息)(文章义)　abstract adj.抽象的→v.提取,抽取(思想、要点等)(文章义)　pave the way for为……铺平道路,为……创造条件　press conference新闻发布会　steal the show抢风头,大出风头
D篇 discriminate v.辨别,区分;歧视　prospective adj.未来的,预期的;有希望的　perceive v.察觉,感知;理解　intervention n.介入,干预;调停　back adv.向后,在后面n.背部;后面→v.支持(文章义:文中scientifically backed指有科学依据的)　sort v.分类→区分,辨别(文章义:sort fact from falsehood)　disturb v.打扰,打断→disturbance n.干扰,扰乱;骚动　misconception n.错误观念,误解(派生词:mis-+conception)　post-test n.事后测试(派生词:post-+test)　give rise to引起,导致,造成　break through突破;克服(困难)第一讲　细节理解题
　　细节理解题是高考阅读的基石,占比超过“半壁江山”。它看似简单——在文中找到对应信息即可,但如今的命题早已超越了“原词复现”的初级阶段。它往往考查在信息海洋中精准定位、在“高度相似”的选项中辨别真伪、在原文基础上合理转述的综合能力。
考什么——透视细节题的“命题密码”
1.常见设问方式
(1)特殊疑问句形式。以 when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词引出问题。这是最常见的设问形式。
(2)以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。
2.正确选项特征
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
3.干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节部分吻合,部分相悖
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识,但不是文章内容
张冠李戴 是文章细节,但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确,部分错误
4.热点考向
5.解题步骤
备考提示:细节理解题的本质是一场信息匹配的游戏。你的任务不是创作,而是发现。通过“三步锁定法”的刻意练习,你会发现,无论文章多长、主题多深,解开细节题的钥匙,永远藏在原文的字里行间。
怎么考——铸造细节题的“四大破题利器”
面对不同类型的细节题,我们要告别“通读全文再做题”的低效模式,掌握以下四大核心考向,从而实现从“大海捞针”到“GPS制导”的飞跃。
考向1　直接信息题——“定—寻—比”法
此为细节题的基石,答案通常是原文信息的直接呈现或简单复述。掌握此法,即可秒杀送分题。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读A) 22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. [导引] Step 1:定——关键词定位 题干关键词为:go green和comparatively easily。 Step 2:寻——文中寻句 根据题干关键词定位到TRAINS—Electricity部分的关键句:Some trains are...others can be made electric in pretty simple ways。 Step 3:比——选项比对 比对答案:“pretty simple ways”直接对应题干中的“comparatively easily”,直接锁定选项。 [图解]
考向2　间接信息题——同义转换法
同义转换是命题人最常用的“伪装术”。答案是原文信息的“改写”或“换一种说法”,考查考生识别“潜台词”的能力。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读B) But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important ”Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change. 25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. [导引] Step 1:定位信息区间 用关键词perform poorly和first essay定位到原文第二段。 Step 2:解码原文内涵 由原文关键句“They could have...simply didn’t strike them as important.”可知,学生认为写作本身不重要,即缺乏写作兴趣导致表现不佳。 Step 3:匹配同义改写 “They had little interest in the topic.”与原文关键句完美匹配。 [图解]
考向3　数字计算题——“定—筛—算”法
此类题目看似简单,实则考验信息筛选和简单运算的准确性。陷阱往往在于信息干扰或信息整合。
[典例]　(2025·全国一卷阅读A) Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. [导引] Step 1:定——定位数字 定位到图表中与road vehicles相关的部分。找到两个数字:ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%和ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%。 Step 2:筛——筛选信息 题干问的是road vehicles的总和,因此客运(PASSENGER)和货运(GOODS)都需要计算在内。 Step 3:算——准确计算/判断 进行加法运算:45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。将计算结果与选项比对,锁定正确选项。 [图解]
考向4　综合信息题——归纳概括法
当答案无法从单一“关键句”获得时,考生需要化身侦探,将散落在不同位置的线索拼合成完整的证据链。
[典例]　(2025·全国二卷阅读B) “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,”says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that’s not really what it is here.”... Still,in room 386,academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that,there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,”Ho says.“I’m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” 25.What is a characteristic of Ho’s job A.Prioritizing academics. B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases. D.Playing multiple roles. [导引] Step 1:多点定位 题干问Ho’s job的特点。扫描全文,找到所有描述她工作的句子。 Step 2:整合信息 信息1:I don’t like saying that...what it is here. 信息2:...academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority. 信息3:I’m a coach...be a hospital teacher. Step 3:提炼共性 将这些线索整合起来,发现Ho的工作远不止“教学”,她还需要扮演多种角色。 [图解]
　运用所学方法解答下列题目
1.(2025·全国二卷阅读A)
Mevagissey,Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.
What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey
A.Try the Cornish pie.
B.Watch a British TV show.
C.Go fishing in the sea.
D.Take pictures of the harbor.
本题为直接信息题。
定位:题干关键词suggest visitors do和in Mevagissey。
寻句:快速定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句:Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.
比对:该句直接给出了对游客的建议。Don’t leave without...是一种强烈的建议语气,与选项A意思完全吻合。
2.(2025·全国一卷阅读A)
This energy transition (变革) is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,”says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,”says Wipke.
What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A.Limiting fuel consumption.
B.Putting more effort into renewables.
C.Improving energy efficiency.
D.Making electricity more affordable.
本题为间接信息题。
定位:题干关键词Wipke suggest和energy transition。
解码:定位到Wipke的原话:We need to speed up the development of green energy...。这里的green energy与文中的renewable energy是同义概念。
匹配:speed up the development与选项B中的 Putting more effort into构成了完美的同义转述。
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A)
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day(24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B.19.50.
C.22.75. D.29.50.
本题为数字计算题。
寻找:题干要求计算 a bike with hand brake and three gears租 two days的费用。
筛选:在表格中找到对应列 Hand Brake,Three Gears。筛选出两个关键价格:1 day (24 hours)的价格是14.75,以及 Each additional day的价格是8.00。
计算:两天的费用=第1天的费用+额外1天的费用,即14.75+8.00=22.75,故选C项。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A)
Choice of Walks for Beginner
and Experienced Walkers
…
Walk 1—The Natural World
…
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 09:00
Start Point:Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration:6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
…
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00
Start Point:Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration:5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
…
Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30
Start Point:The Town Hall
Walk Duration:3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
…
Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45
Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration:1.5 hours
What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing.
B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point.
D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
本题为综合信息题。
多点定位:题干关键词four walks和in common。需要定位到四个步行方案中各自的 Date and Time 信息。
整合信息:
Walk 1:Saturday (星期六)
Walk 2:Sunday (星期日)
Walk 3:Saturday (星期六)
Walk 4:Sunday (星期日)
提炼共性:将四个日期信息整合,发现它们都发生在Saturday或Sunday。这两个日子的共同属性是它们都属于 the weekend (周末)。因此,四个活动的共同点是被安排在周末,故选D项。
1 词汇积累:take shape形成,成形　　　 　harbor-side markets港口边的集市 熟词生义:working熟义:工作的,劳动的　生义:仍在运作的,仍在使用的 原文出处:The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.
2 词汇积累:transition /tr n z n/ n.过渡,转变,变革　mechanical /m k n kl/ adj.机械的 mind-blowing / ma nd bl / adj.令人兴奋的;令人震惊的 熟词生义:green熟义:绿色的　生义:环保的 原文出处:We need to speed up the development of green energy...
3 词汇积累:brake /bre k/ n.刹车,制动器　　　　gear /ɡ (r)/ n.(自行车的)排挡,齿轮
4 词汇积累:duration /dju re n/ n.持续时间　　　recreation / rekri e n/ n.娱乐,消遣 start point出发点
强化练1　细节理解题专练
(限时:25分钟　满分:37.5分)
A
(2026·济南高三教学质量检测)
Stanford University has announced a special distance-learning opportunity for outstanding high school and university students from China with the course titled “Design Thinking into Action:Adolescent Psychological and Physical Health”.
Fall course dates
September 21 to November 23,2025.(Final deadline to apply:August 31,2025.Early-bird deadline:June 1,2025.) Applications are considered on a rolling basis.
Tuition(学费)
$4,000 (Early-bird:$3,500).10% off for two or more sign-ups.
What to gain
Students who successfully complete the course will receive a Certificate of Completion from Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education,Stanford University.Students will also gain practical and academic skills.
·10 “virtual classes” online in real time on Saturday mornings at 9:00 Beijing time;
·Pre-recorded,university-level lectures by leading scholars from Stanford University;
·Real-time discussions led by guest lecturers to familiarize students with the dynamics of classroom participation in Stanford University;
·Short writing assignments to improve critical thinking skills.
Requirements included:
·Registration in grades 10,11,or 12 in a high school in China with outstanding academic experience,or in year 1 or 2 in a university in China;
·Ability to read,write,and discuss complex ideas in English;
·A complete application including a written personal statement,school report and availability for a virtual interview;
·Use of a personal computer,camera,microphone,and reliable access to a broadband Internet connection.
Admission to this program is competitive;up to 30 outstanding students will be accepted.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学提供的远程学习课程。
1.What is the payment for two early-bird applicants
A.$3,500. B.$4,000.
C.$6,300. D.$7,000.
2.What does the course offer to students
A.Discussions with Stanford students.
B.Professional instructions in writing.
C.10 classes on the Stanford campus.
D.Some recorded lectures by experts.
3.What is a must for applicants
A.A good grasp of English.
B.A recommendation letter.
C.Experience in interviews.
D.Completion of high school.
B
(2026·石家庄高三教学质量检测)
Ghanaian photojournalist Paul Ninson was surprised.When he came to New York to study photography five years ago,he found a large collection of images of life in Africa in the city’s libraries and museums.Here he was thousands of miles from Ghana,surrounded by more visual history of Africa than he had ever seen back home.
That inspired him to create a library of photobooks in Ghana to bring the African story home,allowing people to learn about their history and giving them tools to tell new stories of the continent.It has been realized with the creation of the Dikan Center in Accra,Ghana’s capital.Dikan means “take the lead” in the Akan language.
This isn’t the only time Ninson set his sights on a seemingly impossible dream.Photography isn’t exactly valued as a career path in Ghana.Ninson says,“If you tell your parents you’re going to be a photographer,it was like,‘What Go be a lawyer.’”But Ninson felt photography was his calling.He was deeply influenced by the rich family history of storytelling passed down through his grandparents and later,attracted by a friend’s images,developed a love of photography.It felt natural to combine the two,so he dove in.With great determination,he managed to collect more than 30,000 volumes.In December 2022,the Dikan Center opened.
Ghanaian Daniella Afful was particularly moved by Dikan’s exhibition,and said it gave her a new viewpoint on her country’s past and present.She said,“Dikan has made art and photography more significant.It has given us the hope that we may soon have a music library in Ghana.We could have a film library in Ghana—anything just to preserve our history and make history.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了加纳摄影记者Paul Ninson在纽约发现大量关于非洲生活的影像资料,受此启发,他在加纳首都创建迪坎中心,收藏摄影图书,让人们了解非洲历史。
4.What surprised Paul Ninson in New York
A.Many pictures about Africa.
B.Historical photography exhibits.
C.Video materials about Ghana.
D.Photography training courses.
5.Why did Ninson create the Dikan Center in Ghana
A.To spread African culture globally.
B.To improve people’s living conditions.
C.To offer Africans insights into their roots.
D.To develop the photobook market in Ghana.
6.Why did Ninson choose to tell stories with photographs
A.It was quite popular in Ghana.
B.His parents encouraged him to do so.
C.He was influenced by his family and friend.
D.He used to study photography in New York.
7.What does Daniella Afful think of Dikan’s exhibition
A.Challenging. B.Entertaining.
C.Astonishing. D.Inspiring.
C
(2026·郑州高三第一次质量预测)
Artificial intelligence (AI) might be the biggest winner of the Nobel Prize in 2024.US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI rapid growth,according to Reuters.
In 1982,Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns,similar to how our brains remember things.A year later,Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine,which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data,such as identifying specific objects in images.
As for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry,US scientists David Baker and John Jumper,along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis,won the prize.Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold 2.
Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function.However,AlphaFold 2,developed by the AI research laboratory DeepMind,can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins,showing great potential in the field of drug development.
“AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve obtaining outputs from inputs,showing its great potential in scientific research,” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily.
In his view,AI applications are not limited to fields like biology,chemistry or physics.Their range mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process,and whether there is sufficient real-world data to train and build deep learning networks.
AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident.Yang believes that scientists should actively accept this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations.Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference.“We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences,particularly the threat of these things getting out of control,” he said.
“Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical (合乎道德的) way,for the greatest benefit of humankind,” said Ellen Moons,Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖的获得者以及其成果的介绍,说明人工智能有可能成为2024年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家,并说明了人工智能在科研中的重要作用、应用范围及局限性等。
8.What was John Hopfield’s contribution to the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
A.Inventing a new learning machine.
B.Designing a new type of data processor.
C.Creating an AI model for image analysis.
D.Developing a network for pattern storage.
9.Why is AlphaFold 2 important in the field of drug development
A.It can forecast protein folding patterns.
B.It can produce new proteins for drug use.
C.It can identify proteins related to diseases.
D.It can analyze the genetic orders of proteins.
10.What may determine the potential of AI applications according to Yang Maojun
A.The accuracy of AI training data.
B.The effectiveness of machine learning.
C.The availability of enough real-world data.
D.The level of real-world problem settlement.
11.What can be the best title of the passage
A.AI also has its weak points
B.AI should benefit humankind
C.AI steals the show at the Nobel Prize
D.AI may run out of control in the future
D
(2026·沈阳高三教学质量监测)
In a study,152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.Those who read an article that had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation—meaning it specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts.
For this study,researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water.The students then read two articles:one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease.The participants all read the same misinformation,but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional “just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation.The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before,or after,the misinformation.
A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions—but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.Those who had read the refutation article either before,or after,the misinformation had fewer misconceptions.They also had more positive emotions toward the subject.
With large amounts of information easily available online,it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood.This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution”—when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information.“Your mind doesn’t discriminate contents.Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception,it just absorbs it,” Danielson,a psychology researcher,says.Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation.This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective.Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究案例来说明不同信息的呈现方式对纠正错误认知的效果。
12.What do we know about the student participants in the study
A.They were divided into two groups.
B.They got misinformation first.
C.They were shown the right information.
D.They read the same two articles.
13.In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles
A.Misinformation first,then refutation.
B.“Just the facts” first,then misinformation.
C.Refutation first,then misinformation.
D.Misinformation first,then “just the facts”.
14.What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Correction. B.Disturbance.
C.Occurrence. D.Comprehension.
15.How does the text develop
A.Fact-Contrast-Explanation-Expectation
B.Introduction-Process-Result-Conclusion
C.Background-Problem-Analysis-Solution
D.Topic-Classification-Discussion-Outcome
A篇 virtual adj.虚拟的　dynamic n.& adj.动态(的)　assignment n.(分派的)工作,任务→作业(文章义)　program n.项目,计划→课程(文章义)　report n.报告→成绩单(文章义:school report)　familiar adj.熟悉的→familiarize v.使了解,使熟悉　available adj.可获得的,可购得的→availability n.可用性　pre-recorded adj.预先录制的　real-time adj.实时的　on a rolling basis以滚动方式
B篇 volume n.音量;体积;量;卷,册(指书籍)　calling n.呼喊;职业→(强烈的)使命感,天职(文章义)　photojournalist n.摄影记者(合成词:photo+journalist)　seem v.看起来,似乎→seeming adj.表面上的,貌似……的→seemingly adv.看上去,表面上;看样子　set one’s sights on把目标定在……上,立志于　dive in全身心投入
C篇 computational adj.计算的　ethical adj.合乎道德的,伦理的　process v.处理→processor n.处理器　gene n.基因→genetic adj.基因的,遗传学的　effective adj.有效的→effectiveness n.有效性,效力　recall v.回忆;召回→(计算机)检索,提取(信息)(文章义)　abstract adj.抽象的→v.提取,抽取(思想、要点等)(文章义)　pave the way for为……铺平道路,为……创造条件　press conference新闻发布会　steal the show抢风头,大出风头
D篇 discriminate v.辨别,区分;歧视　prospective adj.未来的,预期的;有希望的　perceive v.察觉,感知;理解　intervention n.介入,干预;调停　back adv.向后,在后面n.背部;后面→v.支持(文章义:文中scientifically backed指有科学依据的)　sort v.分类→区分,辨别(文章义:sort fact from falsehood)　disturb v.打扰,打断→disturbance n.干扰,扰乱;骚动　misconception n.错误观念,误解(派生词:mis-+conception)　post-test n.事后测试(派生词:post-+test)　give rise to引起,导致,造成　break through突破;克服(困难)

展开更多......

收起↑