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命题新趋势强训
新趋势强训1　思辨性语篇——议论文&说明文
高 考 考 情 卷别 主题语境
2025·全国一卷阅读C 通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C 探讨纸质阅读与数字阅读的优劣。
2023·全国乙卷阅读C 英国的一些烹饪类电视节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。
文 本 特 点 1.语篇内容:思辨性语篇通常是议论文或说明文,探讨社会、科技、心理、文化等领域的复杂话题。 2.经典结构:“提出问题/现象→分析原因/阐述机理→提出对策/展望未来”或“引出旧观点→提出新发现/质疑→对比分析/得出结论”的结构。 3.逻辑严密:段落之间、句子之间由明确的逻辑关系(如因果、转折、对比、递进)连接。
备 考 策 略 1.宏观把握:梳理文章的“逻辑骨架” 重点关注首段(引出话题)、末段(总结或展望)以及各段的首句(段落主旨句)。 2.微观突破:精准理解语言和细节 ·攻克长难句:遇到长句时,使用“找主干、识修饰”的方法。 ·突破“熟词生义”:结合语境理解其精确含义。
[真题引领]　(2025·全国一卷阅读C)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right:it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计街道,导致行人流动性下降,尤其是儿童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。
28.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A.Cars often get stuck on the road.
B.Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C.People walk less and drive more.
D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,...so they pack them into the car instead.”可知,作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多,故选C项。]
29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A.Keep their cities livable.
B.Promote cultural diversity.
C.Help the needy families.
D.Make expressways accessible.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously,...Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.’...and 1970s as well.”可推知,加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性,故选A项。]
30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A.They boosted the sales of cars.
B.They turned out largely ineffective.
C.They won government support.
D.They advocated building new parks.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were...on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可推知,20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的保护社区的运动未能阻止汽车发展,基本上没有效果,故选B项。]
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush
B.What’s Next
C.Where to Stay
D.Who to Blame
答案　A　[标题归纳题。通读全文,并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us...move safely around our communities ”可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象,A项“Why the Rush (为何匆匆 )”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题,故选A项。]
分类 内容
词汇 pedestrian /p destri n/ n.行人 mobility /m b l ti/ n.流动性,活动性
词块 be redesigned around围绕……重新设计 have it right看法正确,说得对
派生词、 合成词 expressway n.高速公路(express+way) ownership n.所有权(owner+-ship) ineffective adj.无效果的(in-+effective)
熟词生义 champion 熟义:n.冠军　生义:v.捍卫,支持,拥护 原文出处:...Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion“New York as a decent place to live...”
[难句分析]　Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
[分析]　Although引导让步状语从句;主句为the reality is that...。从句that the majority of...the motor car作is的表语,用以解释主语the reality的具体内容。
[译文]　尽管这些(保护社区的)运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都已围绕着汽车的需求被彻底地重新设计了。
A
(2026·太原高三模拟考试一)
If you’re digitally skilled,it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand.The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts,letter by letter,on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world,where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes.To keep up,many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool,meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand.Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits,giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.
Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters—only involving relatively simple and uniform movements.By contrast,handwriting is a complex task.The motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter.Adding to the complexity,your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed,with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes.“This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh,” says Robert Wiley,a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro,adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development”.
Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters,which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainments.If young children are not receiving any handwriting training,their brains simply won’t reach their full potential.For adults,typing often results in failing to actually process information.During a lecture,it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word.But often,they’re just typing blindly,failing to make information their own.On the other hand,taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas.
Actually,we don’t have to drop digital tools,like graphics tablets and smart pens,to capitalize on the power of handwriting.Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper.It’s the movement that counts,not its final form.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在屏幕主导的世界里,手写逐渐被打字取代。作者对比了打字和手写的不同,指出放弃手写可能会付出很大代价,如影响孩子的心理发展、学习字母的能力以及成年人对信息的处理。
1.What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1
A.Abandoning handwriting is unwise.
B.Digital literacy is essential nowadays.
C.Handwritten communication is out of date.
D.Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools.
答案　A　[推理判断题。第一段先描述了在屏幕主导的世界里,手写逐渐被打字取代,很多学校在幼儿园时期就引入了计算机,一些孩子可能先学打字后学手写的现象,接着指出“Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits,giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.”,即尽管电子键盘具有明显的效率优势,但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价。由此可知,作者在第一段想要表达放弃手写是不明智的,故选A项。]
2.What does the underlined word “mesh”in paragraph 2 mean
A.Set up. B.Run fast.
C.Mess up. D.Work together.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。画线词所在句前讲手写是一项复杂的任务,运动神经系统必须精细地调整每个手指在笔上施加的压力,以重现每个字母;更复杂的是,你的视觉系统必须在字母形成的过程中不断地处理它,同时你的大脑要实时地对手指进行调整,以形成字母的形状。由此可知,此处强调在手写的过程中,你的身体和你所看见的东西会相互协调,画线词与D项的意思最为接近,故选D项。]
3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A.Blind typing contributes to brain development.
B.Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards.
C.Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked.
D.Adults have the ability to memorize complex information.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“On the other hand,taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas.”可知,手写笔记迫使人们只写关键词,使用图画或箭头来梳理想法,这说明手写标记有助于将想法联系起来,故选C项。]
4.What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens
A.Doubtful. B.Critical.
C.Favorable. D.Unclear.
答案　C　[观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知,作者认为人们不必放弃数字工具来利用手写的力量,最近的研究表明在屏幕上书写会激活与在纸上书写相同的大脑神经通路,重要的是书写的动作,而不是最终形式。由此可推知,作者对使用数字笔书写持支持的态度,故选C项。]
分类 内容
词汇 laborious /l b ri s/ adj.费劲的,耗时费力的 dominate / d m ne t/ v.支配,主导 uniform / ju n f m/ adj.一致的,统一的 delicately / del k tli/ adv.精细地,微妙地 cognitive / k ɡn t v/ adj.认知的 attainment / te nm nt/ n.成就,造诣 activate / kt ve t/ v.激活,使活动
词块 a thing of the past 　过时之物 word for word 一字不差地 work through梳理,解决 capitalize on 充分利用
派生词、 合成词 efficiency n.效率(efficient+-cy) complexity n.复杂性(complex+-ity) predictor n.预示物(predict+-or)
熟词 生义 trace 熟义:n.痕迹v.追踪 生义:v.(用笔、手指等)描摹,勾画 原文:The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts,letter by letter...
[难句分析]　Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits,giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.
[分析]　Although引导让步状语从句;主句为giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost,其中动名词短语giving up handwriting作主语。
[译文]　尽管电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势,但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价。
B
(2026·济南高三模拟考试)
Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing.You can no longer get guided to work,order your coffee,or connect with friends.For most of us,it is a nightmare (噩梦).But it should not be exactly far-fetched.
Despite being more digitally connected than ever,we are lonelier and more anxious.Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally.Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide.All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep,meaningful engagement,which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.
While these conveniences offer short-term relief,they may weaken our thinking skills.For example,GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel.But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation.Over time,those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skills.However,reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort.In seeking comfort today,we might be trading away some discomfort.
That is the problem:the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.Viewing stress,a kind of discomfort,as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes.Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability.Neuroscience (神经科学) reveals that neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to form new connections—is enhanced through challenging experiences.This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (适应力),a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort.
But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely;it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort.Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small,manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong,such as writing with a pen,or washing dishes by hand.These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease.So,the next time you feel the pull of ease,pause.Ask yourself:Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck Choosing discomfort isn’t easy,but sometimes,it’s worth it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响,说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处,并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。
1.What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Possible to change.
B.Certain to function.
C.Unlikely to be settled.
D.Unable to be accepted.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。画线词前面讲到对我们大多数人来说,这(离开智能手机)是一场噩梦。根据画线词所在句中的But 可知,此处表转折,与上文意思相反,表示但这并非无法接受,故选D项。]
2.What may digital conveniences cause according to the text
A.The fast but worthless relief.
B.The meaningful engagement.
C.The loss of thinking capacity.
D.The lack of necessary comfort.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段首句“While these conveniences offer short-term relief,they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱,但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知,数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降及丧失,故选C项。]
3.Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”
A.Taking the stairs instead of the lift.
B.Ordering take-out food after work.
C.Exploring a new city by using GPS.
D.Writing an email using voice-to-text.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Think of it as ‘microdosing hardship’—a series of small...or washing dishes by hand.”可知,采取“微剂量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以处理的困难的事情,故选A项。]
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.GPS:the invisible cost of convenience
B.Stress:the main cause of brain damage
C.Discomfort:a hidden source of resilience
D.Smartphones:barriers to human progress
答案　C　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第四段中的“That is the problem:the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.(那就是问题所在:我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知,文章主要以数字便利带来的潜在负面影响为切入点,讲述了不适感可以通过让我们经历挑战来增强我们的适应力。因此C项最符合文章的主旨,故选C项。]
分类 内容
词汇 navigation / n v ɡe n/ n.导航 spacial / spe l/ adj.空间的 resilience /r z li ns/ n.适应力;恢复力
词块 short-term relief　短期慰藉 trade away 放弃,屈服 keep sb stuck 使某人停滞不前
派生词、 合成词 undeniably adv.不可否认地 (un-+deny+-able+-ly) manageable adj.可处理的,可管理的(manage+-able)
熟词生义 stuck 熟义:v.(stick的过去式/分词)粘贴;卡住 生义:adj.停滞不前的,无法取得进展的 原文出处:...or is it keeping me stuck
[难句分析]　All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep,meaningful engagement,which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.
[分析]　主句为All of this is due to our growing dependence...;designed to offer...meaningful engagement为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的social media and smart technologies;which引导非限制性定语从句。
[译文]　所有这一切都归因于我们对社交媒体和智能技术日益增长的依赖,社交媒体和这些技术被设计用来提供短暂的慰藉,却往往以牺牲深度的、有意义的人际交往为代价,而这种状况可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽略的东西。
新趋势强训2　跨学科语篇——社科类&新名词类
在当前的高考评价体系改革背景下,考试越来越注重对考生核心素养的考查。社科类和新名词类跨学科语篇正是承载这一考查目标的绝佳载体。
高考 考情 卷别 主题语境
2024·浙江1月卷阅读D 在信息化时代,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D “群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D 情商的普及总体上利大于弊,作者希望科技的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。
文本 特点 1.跨学科性:文章内容常常融合社会学、心理学、经济学、科技、教育学等多个领域的知识。 2.概念新颖:文章通常会引入一个核心的新名词、新理论或社会现象。 3.观点思辨性:作者的观点往往不是绝对的,而是客观、辩证且有保留的。
备考 策略 1.拓展阅读视野:阅读英文主流媒体的科技、社会、观点等版块。 2.思维导图训练:在进行上述阅读时,养成用思维导图梳理文章结构的习惯。 3.快速筛选信息:做题时,先定位到相关段落,快速抓住该段的中心句,再去看具体的例子和数据。
[真题引领]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者主要从几个角度探讨“群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
答案　B　[段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知,“群体智慧”要求人们的估计是独立的,估计的独立性越高,准确率越高,反之亦然。所以本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑,故选B项。]
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
答案　D　[推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided...independent individuals”可知,Navajas的研究发现,即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的,平均准确率依旧会提升,故选D项。]
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion”可知,在后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了些什么。因此,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程,故选C项。]
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
答案　D　[观点态度题。最后一段作者说,虽然Navajas的研究有局限性,但是从他的研究来看,团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的,由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度,故选D项。]
词汇 dominant / d m n nt/ adj. 首要的,占支配地位的 reason / ri z( )n/ v.思考,推理
词块 in technical terms用专业的术语来说 go with同意,接受
派生词、 合成词 statistician n.统计学家(statistic+-ian) estimation n.估算(estimate+-ion) overestimate v.& n.高估(over+estimate) underestimate v.& n.低估(under+estimate) correlate v.(使)相互关联(cor-+relate) dismissive adj.轻蔑的,鄙视的(dismiss+-ive)
熟词 生义 twist 熟义:n.& v.扭转;弯曲 生义:n.新变化/转折 原文出处:...offered an interesting twist on this classic phenomenon.
[难句分析]　The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
[分析]　主句为The key finding of the study was that...;that when...为that引导的表语从句,其中when引导时间状语从句,that were allowed to have a discussion是that引导的定语从句,修饰groups。
[译文]　这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许他们进行讨论时,这些群体给出的平均值比同样数量的独立个体给出的平均值更准确。
A
(2026·常州高三调研)
The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible,leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization.
In theory,this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself.The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process.The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race.For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction,but nonetheless,it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests.
The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts.Ray Kurzweil,one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity,has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045.His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing,AI and biotechnology.
Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines.Some suggest that while AI will continue to advance,the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving super intelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century,if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory,projects a singularity in 2140.Technological,ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development.
Moreover,figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables,including breakthroughs in AI algorithms,hardware capabilities and societal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy.
Eamonn Healy,a professor at St.Edward’s University,assumes the evolution,particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement,is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace,compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames.This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil,who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术奇点的概念、影响及专家对其到来时间的争议。
1.The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　　　.
A.quicken B.restrict
C.direct D.predict
答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“For now,the concept stays...its civilizational interests.”可知,技术奇点目前还处于科幻范畴,但思考其未来模样很有价值,目的是为了人类引导人工智能发展,进而促进文明利益。由此推知,画线词steer意思是“引导、指引”。故选C。]
2.If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years,who might he team up with
A.Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren.
B.Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil.
C.Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy.
D.Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Ray Kurzweil,one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity,has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045.”以及最后一段“Eamonn Healy...the mid-21st century.”可知,如果一位专家预测技术奇点将在不到30年内出现,他可能会与雷·库兹韦尔和伊蒙·希利的观点一致。故选B。]
3.What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity
A.Reserved. B.Optimistic.
C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第五段的“Moreover,figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.”可推知,罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。]
4.Which statement best summarizes the passage
A.The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits.
B.The singularity’s timeline and implications remain uncertain.
C.Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay.
D.AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段“The technological singularity(技术奇点)...to human civilization.”可知,文章主要讲述了技术奇点的概念、不同专家对其发生时间的预测以及预测的不确定性。由此可知,B选项“技术奇点的时间线和影响仍然不确定”最能概括文章大意。故选B。]
分类 内容
词汇 irreversible / r v s bl/ adj. 不可逆转的,无法挽回的 profound /pr fa nd/ adj.深刻的,深远的
词块 within the boundaries of 在……的范围内 cast doubt on对……表示怀疑
派生词、 合成词 unpredictable adj.不可预测的(un-+predict+-able) biotechnology n.生物技术(bio-+technology)
熟词生义 echo 熟义:n.回声v.发出回声 生义:v.重复,附和(观点) 原文出处:This concept...echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil...
[难句分析]　For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction,but nonetheless,it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests.
[分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句,其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句和一个so that引导的目的状语从句。
[译文]　目前,这一概念仍停留在科幻小说的范畴内,但即便如此,思考一下这样的未来会是什么样子仍然有价值,这样人类就能以这种方式引导人工智能的发展来促进其文明利益。
B
(2026·南昌高三模拟检测)
What if everything happens for a reason It’s a theory that we’ve all heard more than once.And in many ways,burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea,implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.
We’ve all been there.Say you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work.According to burnt toast theory,this single,tiny inconvenience is enough to have a domino effect (多米诺效应).Your morning is then pushed back by what maybe three to five minutes.Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual,and to avoid getting in a car accident.Or it might mean you end up getting a later train,and avoid bumping into someone who you’d really rather avoid.
In other words,burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern.When we choose to view the world in a more positive light,we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety,and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us.It prevents us from thinking over something that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective of things and encourages us to make meaning of challenges we may experience,thus making us more adaptive to the future setbacks.Next time you feel yourself becoming annoyed or frustrated by an inconvenience in your life,try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself why you’re grateful for the inconvenience.
While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way,burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks.Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions,instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了烤焦面包理论,即日常小不便背后可能有更大的积极原因,能通过多米诺效应带来好结果。该理论能帮助培养积极的思维模式、减少焦虑。但该理论也有潜在弊端,过度关注积极面可能导致忽视对困难情绪的处理。
1.What may be a case of the burnt toast theory
A.Gaining rewards after paying efforts.
B.Losing a job after forgetting to set an alarm.
C.Meeting a future employer after missing a flight.
D.Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,烤焦面包也许会导致你离家比平时稍微晚些,因此避开了车祸,或者这可能意味着你最终会乘坐更晚的火车,并且避免撞到一个你真的很想避开的人。所以烤焦面包理论指小不便引发连锁的积极效应。结合选项可知C项内容属于该理论的一个例子,故选C项。]
2.What is the result of applying the burnt toast theory according to paragraph 3
A.Better judgement on fears.
B.Richer experience from failures.
C.The removal of daily inconveniences.
D.The harvest of a positive mindset.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,烤焦面包理论提醒我们改变思维模式。当我们选择以更积极的眼光看待世界时,我们可以帮助减少焦虑感,并释放我们对周围世界失去控制的恐惧。它防止我们去过度思考那些从宏观角度看实际上并不是那么糟糕的事情,并鼓励我们从可能经历的挑战中寻找意义,从而使我们对未来的挫折更具适应性。所以这一段主要是对烤焦面包理论积极作用的具体解释,也就是能促使人们形成积极的思维模式,故选D项。]
3.Which aspect of the theory does the last paragraph focus on
A.Would-be projects.
B.Real-world applications.
C.Potential weaknesses.
D.Practical advantages.
答案　C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段内容尤其是其中的“While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way,burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks.”可知,烤焦面包理论是有缺点的,要记着只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你在拒绝自己妥善处理具有挑战性或困难情绪的机会。所以该段主要在说该理论的缺点,故选C项。]
4.What is probably the best title of the text
A.Less Is More
B.When Life Gives You Lemons,Make Lemonade
C.Once Bitten,Twice Shy
D.Better Late than Never
答案　B　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍烤焦面包理论,它提醒人们在遇到不好的事情时要转变为积极的思维模式看待问题,以便于减少焦虑感等,B项“当生活给你柠檬时,就做成柠檬水”,常用来鼓励人们面对困难或逆境时,要积极乐观,善于将不利的情况转化为有利的结果,所以B项最能概括本文主旨,故选B项。]
分类 内容
词汇 perspective /p spekt v/ n.视角,观点;宏观角度 setback / setb k/ n.挫折,障碍 drawback / dr b k/ n.缺点,弊端 mindful / ma ndfl/ adj.留意的,注意的
词块 domino effect多米诺效应 bump into偶然遇见,撞见 in the grand perspective of things 从宏观角度来看 go a long way大有帮助,很有效 engage with接触,处理
派生词、 合成词 inconvenience n.不便,麻烦事(in-+convenience) frustrated adj.沮丧的,懊恼的(frustrate+-ed)
熟词生义 profile 熟义:n.个人简介;侧面像 生义:n.(尤指虚假的)形象,姿态 原文出处:...instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
[难句分析]　Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions,instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
[分析]　这是一个祈使句,主句为:Be mindful that...,that引导宾语从句。从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句,作mean的宾语。
[译文]　(你)要留意,只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你正在剥夺自己妥善处理挑战性或困难情绪的机会,反而是专注于营造一种虚假的积极形象。命题新趋势强训
新趋势强训1　思辨性语篇——议论文&说明文
高 考 考 情 卷别 主题语境
2025·全国一卷阅读C 通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C 探讨纸质阅读与数字阅读的优劣。
2023·全国乙卷阅读C 英国的一些烹饪类电视节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。
文 本 特 点 1.语篇内容:思辨性语篇通常是议论文或说明文,探讨社会、科技、心理、文化等领域的复杂话题。 2.经典结构:“提出问题/现象→分析原因/阐述机理→提出对策/展望未来”或“引出旧观点→提出新发现/质疑→对比分析/得出结论”的结构。 3.逻辑严密:段落之间、句子之间由明确的逻辑关系(如因果、转折、对比、递进)连接。
备 考 策 略 1.宏观把握:梳理文章的“逻辑骨架” 重点关注首段(引出话题)、末段(总结或展望)以及各段的首句(段落主旨句)。 2.微观突破:精准理解语言和细节 ·攻克长难句:遇到长句时,使用“找主干、识修饰”的方法。 ·突破“熟词生义”:结合语境理解其精确含义。
[真题引领]　(2025·全国一卷阅读C)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right:it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计街道,导致行人流动性下降,尤其是儿童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能,重视城市宜居性。
28.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A.Cars often get stuck on the road.
B.Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C.People walk less and drive more.
D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A.Keep their cities livable.
B.Promote cultural diversity.
C.Help the needy families.
D.Make expressways accessible.
30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A.They boosted the sales of cars.
B.They turned out largely ineffective.
C.They won government support.
D.They advocated building new parks.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Why the Rush
B.What’s Next
C.Where to Stay
D.Who to Blame
分类 内容
词汇 pedestrian /p destri n/ n.行人 mobility /m b l ti/ n.流动性,活动性
词块 be redesigned around围绕……重新设计 have it right看法正确,说得对
派生词、 合成词 expressway n.高速公路(express+way) ownership n.所有权(owner+-ship) ineffective adj.无效果的(in-+effective)
熟词生义 champion 熟义:n.冠军　生义:v.捍卫,支持,拥护 原文出处:...Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion“New York as a decent place to live...”
[难句分析]　Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
[分析]　Although引导让步状语从句;主句为the reality is that...。从句that the majority of...the motor car作is的表语,用以解释主语the reality的具体内容。
[译文]　尽管这些(保护社区的)运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都已围绕着汽车的需求被彻底地重新设计了。
A
(2026·太原高三模拟考试一)
If you’re digitally skilled,it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand.The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts,letter by letter,on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world,where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes.To keep up,many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool,meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand.Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits,giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.
Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters—only involving relatively simple and uniform movements.By contrast,handwriting is a complex task.The motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter.Adding to the complexity,your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed,with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes.“This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh,” says Robert Wiley,a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro,adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development”.
Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters,which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainments.If young children are not receiving any handwriting training,their brains simply won’t reach their full potential.For adults,typing often results in failing to actually process information.During a lecture,it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word.But often,they’re just typing blindly,failing to make information their own.On the other hand,taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas.
Actually,we don’t have to drop digital tools,like graphics tablets and smart pens,to capitalize on the power of handwriting.Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper.It’s the movement that counts,not its final form.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在屏幕主导的世界里,手写逐渐被打字取代。作者对比了打字和手写的不同,指出放弃手写可能会付出很大代价,如影响孩子的心理发展、学习字母的能力以及成年人对信息的处理。
1.What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1
A.Abandoning handwriting is unwise.
B.Digital literacy is essential nowadays.
C.Handwritten communication is out of date.
D.Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools.
2.What does the underlined word “mesh”in paragraph 2 mean
A.Set up. B.Run fast.
C.Mess up. D.Work together.
3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A.Blind typing contributes to brain development.
B.Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards.
C.Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked.
D.Adults have the ability to memorize complex information.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens
A.Doubtful. B.Critical.
C.Favorable. D.Unclear.
分类 内容
词汇 laborious /l b ri s/ adj.费劲的,耗时费力的 dominate / d m ne t/ v.支配,主导 uniform / ju n f m/ adj.一致的,统一的 delicately / del k tli/ adv.精细地,微妙地 cognitive / k ɡn t v/ adj.认知的 attainment / te nm nt/ n.成就,造诣 activate / kt ve t/ v.激活,使活动
词块 a thing of the past 　过时之物 word for word 一字不差地 work through梳理,解决 capitalize on 充分利用
派生词、 合成词 efficiency n.效率(efficient+-cy) complexity n.复杂性(complex+-ity) predictor n.预示物(predict+-or)
熟词 生义 trace 熟义:n.痕迹v.追踪 生义:v.(用笔、手指等)描摹,勾画 原文:The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts,letter by letter...
[难句分析]　Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits,giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.
[分析]　Although引导让步状语从句;主句为giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost,其中动名词短语giving up handwriting作主语。
[译文]　尽管电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势,但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价。
B
(2026·济南高三模拟考试)
Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing.You can no longer get guided to work,order your coffee,or connect with friends.For most of us,it is a nightmare (噩梦).But it should not be exactly far-fetched.
Despite being more digitally connected than ever,we are lonelier and more anxious.Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally.Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide.All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep,meaningful engagement,which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.
While these conveniences offer short-term relief,they may weaken our thinking skills.For example,GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel.But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation.Over time,those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skills.However,reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort.In seeking comfort today,we might be trading away some discomfort.
That is the problem:the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.Viewing stress,a kind of discomfort,as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes.Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability.Neuroscience (神经科学) reveals that neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to form new connections—is enhanced through challenging experiences.This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience (适应力),a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort.
But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely;it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort.Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small,manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong,such as writing with a pen,or washing dishes by hand.These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease.So,the next time you feel the pull of ease,pause.Ask yourself:Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck Choosing discomfort isn’t easy,but sometimes,it’s worth it.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响,说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处,并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。
1.What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Possible to change.
B.Certain to function.
C.Unlikely to be settled.
D.Unable to be accepted.
2.What may digital conveniences cause according to the text
A.The fast but worthless relief.
B.The meaningful engagement.
C.The loss of thinking capacity.
D.The lack of necessary comfort.
3.Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”
A.Taking the stairs instead of the lift.
B.Ordering take-out food after work.
C.Exploring a new city by using GPS.
D.Writing an email using voice-to-text.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.GPS:the invisible cost of convenience
B.Stress:the main cause of brain damage
C.Discomfort:a hidden source of resilience
D.Smartphones:barriers to human progress
分类 内容
词汇 navigation / n v ɡe n/ n.导航 spacial / spe l/ adj.空间的 resilience /r z li ns/ n.适应力;恢复力
词块 short-term relief　短期慰藉 trade away 放弃,屈服 keep sb stuck 使某人停滞不前
派生词、 合成词 undeniably adv.不可否认地 (un-+deny+-able+-ly) manageable adj.可处理的,可管理的(manage+-able)
熟词生义 stuck 熟义:v.(stick的过去式/分词)粘贴;卡住 生义:adj.停滞不前的,无法取得进展的 原文出处:...or is it keeping me stuck
[难句分析]　All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep,meaningful engagement,which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.
[分析]　主句为All of this is due to our growing dependence...;designed to offer...meaningful engagement为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的social media and smart technologies;which引导非限制性定语从句。
[译文]　所有这一切都归因于我们对社交媒体和智能技术日益增长的依赖,社交媒体和这些技术被设计用来提供短暂的慰藉,却往往以牺牲深度的、有意义的人际交往为代价,而这种状况可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽略的东西。
新趋势强训2　跨学科语篇——社科类&新名词类
在当前的高考评价体系改革背景下,考试越来越注重对考生核心素养的考查。社科类和新名词类跨学科语篇正是承载这一考查目标的绝佳载体。
高考 考情 卷别 主题语境
2024·浙江1月卷阅读D 在信息化时代,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D “群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D 情商的普及总体上利大于弊,作者希望科技的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。
文本 特点 1.跨学科性:文章内容常常融合社会学、心理学、经济学、科技、教育学等多个领域的知识。 2.概念新颖:文章通常会引入一个核心的新名词、新理论或社会现象。 3.观点思辨性:作者的观点往往不是绝对的,而是客观、辩证且有保留的。
备考 策略 1.拓展阅读视野:阅读英文主流媒体的科技、社会、观点等版块。 2.思维导图训练:在进行上述阅读时,养成用思维导图梳理文章结构的习惯。 3.快速筛选信息:做题时,先定位到相关段落,快速抓住该段的中心句,再去看具体的例子和数据。
[真题引领]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者主要从几个角度探讨“群体智慧”效应,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
词汇 dominant / d m n nt/ adj. 首要的,占支配地位的 reason / ri z( )n/ v.思考,推理
词块 in technical terms用专业的术语来说 go with同意,接受
派生词、 合成词 statistician n.统计学家(statistic+-ian) estimation n.估算(estimate+-ion) overestimate v.& n.高估(over+estimate) underestimate v.& n.低估(under+estimate) correlate v.(使)相互关联(cor-+relate) dismissive adj.轻蔑的,鄙视的(dismiss+-ive)
熟词 生义 twist 熟义:n.& v.扭转;弯曲 生义:n.新变化/转折 原文出处:...offered an interesting twist on this classic phenomenon.
[难句分析]　The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
[分析]　主句为The key finding of the study was that...;that when...为that引导的表语从句,其中when引导时间状语从句,that were allowed to have a discussion是that引导的定语从句,修饰groups。
[译文]　这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许他们进行讨论时,这些群体给出的平均值比同样数量的独立个体给出的平均值更准确。
A
(2026·常州高三调研)
The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible,leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization.
In theory,this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself.The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process.The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race.For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction,but nonetheless,it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests.
The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts.Ray Kurzweil,one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity,has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045.His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing,AI and biotechnology.
Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines.Some suggest that while AI will continue to advance,the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving super intelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century,if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory,projects a singularity in 2140.Technological,ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development.
Moreover,figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables,including breakthroughs in AI algorithms,hardware capabilities and societal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy.
Eamonn Healy,a professor at St.Edward’s University,assumes the evolution,particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement,is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace,compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames.This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil,who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术奇点的概念、影响及专家对其到来时间的争议。
1.The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　　　.
A.quicken B.restrict
C.direct D.predict
2.If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years,who might he team up with
A.Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren.
B.Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil.
C.Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy.
D.Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy.
3.What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity
A.Reserved. B.Optimistic.
C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.
4.Which statement best summarizes the passage
A.The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits.
B.The singularity’s timeline and implications remain uncertain.
C.Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay.
D.AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles.
分类 内容
词汇 irreversible / r v s bl/ adj. 不可逆转的,无法挽回的 profound /pr fa nd/ adj.深刻的,深远的
词块 within the boundaries of 在……的范围内 cast doubt on对……表示怀疑
派生词、 合成词 unpredictable adj.不可预测的(un-+predict+-able) biotechnology n.生物技术(bio-+technology)
熟词生义 echo 熟义:n.回声v.发出回声 生义:v.重复,附和(观点) 原文出处:This concept...echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil...
[难句分析]　For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction,but nonetheless,it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests.
[分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句,其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句和一个so that引导的目的状语从句。
[译文]　目前,这一概念仍停留在科幻小说的范畴内,但即便如此,思考一下这样的未来会是什么样子仍然有价值,这样人类就能以这种方式引导人工智能的发展来促进其文明利益。
B
(2026·南昌高三模拟检测)
What if everything happens for a reason It’s a theory that we’ve all heard more than once.And in many ways,burnt toast theory can be seen as a modern take on this classic idea,implying that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.
We’ve all been there.Say you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work.According to burnt toast theory,this single,tiny inconvenience is enough to have a domino effect (多米诺效应).Your morning is then pushed back by what maybe three to five minutes.Perhaps that is enough time to leave the house a little bit later than usual,and to avoid getting in a car accident.Or it might mean you end up getting a later train,and avoid bumping into someone who you’d really rather avoid.
In other words,burnt toast theory is a reminder to shift your thinking pattern.When we choose to view the world in a more positive light,we can help to reduce feelings of anxiety,and release our fear of being out of control of the world around us.It prevents us from thinking over something that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective of things and encourages us to make meaning of challenges we may experience,thus making us more adaptive to the future setbacks.Next time you feel yourself becoming annoyed or frustrated by an inconvenience in your life,try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself why you’re grateful for the inconvenience.
While maintaining a positive mindset can go a long way,burnt toast theory is not without its drawbacks.Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions,instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了烤焦面包理论,即日常小不便背后可能有更大的积极原因,能通过多米诺效应带来好结果。该理论能帮助培养积极的思维模式、减少焦虑。但该理论也有潜在弊端,过度关注积极面可能导致忽视对困难情绪的处理。
1.What may be a case of the burnt toast theory
A.Gaining rewards after paying efforts.
B.Losing a job after forgetting to set an alarm.
C.Meeting a future employer after missing a flight.
D.Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings.
2.What is the result of applying the burnt toast theory according to paragraph 3
A.Better judgement on fears.
B.Richer experience from failures.
C.The removal of daily inconveniences.
D.The harvest of a positive mindset.
3.Which aspect of the theory does the last paragraph focus on
A.Would-be projects.
B.Real-world applications.
C.Potential weaknesses.
D.Practical advantages.
4.What is probably the best title of the text
A.Less Is More
B.When Life Gives You Lemons,Make Lemonade
C.Once Bitten,Twice Shy
D.Better Late than Never
答案　B　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍烤焦面包理论,它提醒人们在遇到不好的事情时要转变为积极的思维模式看待问题,以便于减少焦虑感等,B项“当生活给你柠檬时,就做成柠檬水”,常用来鼓励人们面对困难或逆境时,要积极乐观,善于将不利的情况转化为有利的结果,所以B项最能概括本文主旨,故选B项。]
分类 内容
词汇 perspective /p spekt v/ n.视角,观点;宏观角度 setback / setb k/ n.挫折,障碍 drawback / dr b k/ n.缺点,弊端 mindful / ma ndfl/ adj.留意的,注意的
词块 domino effect多米诺效应 bump into偶然遇见,撞见 in the grand perspective of things 从宏观角度来看 go a long way大有帮助,很有效 engage with接触,处理
派生词、 合成词 inconvenience n.不便,麻烦事(in-+convenience) frustrated adj.沮丧的,懊恼的(frustrate+-ed)
熟词生义 profile 熟义:n.个人简介;侧面像 生义:n.(尤指虚假的)形象,姿态 原文出处:...instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
[难句分析]　Be mindful that only allowing yourself to focus on positive thoughts can mean that you are denying yourself the chance to properly engage with challenging or difficult emotions,instead focusing on creating a false positive profile.
[分析]　这是一个祈使句,主句为:Be mindful that...,that引导宾语从句。从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句,作mean的宾语。
[译文]　(你)要留意,只允许自己专注于积极的想法可能意味着你正在剥夺自己妥善处理挑战性或困难情绪的机会,反而是专注于营造一种虚假的积极形象。

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