26年春人教版八年级英语下册知识点语法讲义(含默写版)(PDF版)

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26年春人教版八年级英语下册知识点语法讲义(含默写版)(PDF版)

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26年春人教版八年级英语下册知识点语法讲义(含默写版)
UNIT 1 Time to Relax
知识点 1
It's time for sth =It's time to do sth 到做某事的时间到了
例:It's time for PE class = It's time to have PE class.(到上体育课的时间了。)
知识点 2
relax 不及物动词(vi.):表“自身放松”,后不接宾语及物动词(vt.):表“使某人/某物放松”,后
必须接宾语(多为人)
relaxed adj.感到放松的 relaxing adj.令人放松的 relaxation n.放松
例:After finishing homework, I usually relax on the sofa.
(做完作业后,我通常在沙发上放松。)
及物动词(vt.):表“使某人/某物放松”,后必须接宾语(多为人)
Soft music always relaxes me.(轻音乐总能使我放松。)
短语:relax oneself自我放松
relax by doing sth.:通过做某事放松
be relaxed about sth对某事态度放松/不紧张
relax with sb和某人一起放松
知识点 3
“free-time”是前置定语,必须放在被修饰的名词前,
说明“属于业余时间的”。
·高频短语:
○ free-time activities(业余活动)
○ free-time hobbies(业余爱好)
○ free-time spent on sports(花在运动上的业余时间)
辨析:·“free-time”(复合形容词):仅作定语,修饰名词
·“free time”(名词短语):“free”是形容词,“time”是名词,可作主语、
宾语、表语等
“free-time”常与不定式(to do)结合,
例:Students need free-time to relax and develop their interests.
(学生需要业余时间来放松和发展兴趣。)
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知识点 4
spend +时间/金钱 + on sth.
spend +时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. on
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. for the
知识点 5
program n.节目、计划、程序
v.计划、安排;为(电脑等)编程序
programming n.编程 programmer n.程序员
computer program电脑程序
be programmed to do sth.被计划/安排…
program to do sth.计划/安排做某事
知识点 6
calligraphy /k l ɡr fi/ n.书法
Chinese calligraphy中国书法
practise/do calligraphy练习书法
知识点 7
interview n.采访、面试 v.采访 interviewer n.面试官;采访者
interviewee n.被面试者;被采访者
知识点 8
expression n.表达、表情 express v.表达 expressive adj.有表现力的
express oneself表达自己
an expression of………的表达/表现
beyond expression无法形容
例:Teenagers need to learn how to express themselves politely.(青少年需要学会如何礼貌地表达自
己。)
The smile on her face is an expression of happiness.(她脸上的笑容是快乐的表达。)
知识点 9
create v.创造 creation n.创造
creative adj.有创造性的 creativity n.创造力
creator n.创造者
a sense of creativity: 创造力感
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the creation of………的创造
be creative in…在……方面有创造力
create sth. for sb. 为某人创造某物
例:She is very creative in designing her own schoolbag.(她在设计自己的书包方面很有创造力。)
I created a handmade card for my mom on Mother’s Day.(母亲节我给妈妈做了一张手工贺卡。)
知识点 10
challenge n.挑战 challenging adj.富有挑战的
face /overcome/meet a challenge 面对/克服/迎接挑战
accept/take up a challenge接受一项挑战
It is a challenge to do sth.做某事是一项挑战
例:It is a challenge to finish all the experiments in one class(. 在一节课内完成所有实验是一项挑战。)
知识点 11
centre n.中心 central adj.中心的
in the centre of… 在……的中心
at the centre在中心位置
例:There is a statue in the centre of the square.(广场的中心有一座雕像。)
The principal is standing at the centre of the playground.(校长正站在操场的中心位置。)
知识点 12
unexpected adj.出乎预料的 expectation n.期待 expect v.期待 expected adj.意料之中的
expect to do sth.期待做某事
She expects to join the school basketball team next term.(她期待下学期加入学校篮球队。)
知识点 13
perfect adj.完美的 perfection n.完美
perfect for 对……来说很完美
perfect the art of doing sth精通做某事的技巧
be + perfect + to do sth 做某事很合适/完美
例:This weekend is perfect to visit the science museum.(这个周末去参观科学博物馆很合适。)
知识点 14
scare v. 使害怕;n. 恐惧 scared adj. 害怕的
scary adj. 令人害怕的
be scared of + 名词/代词/动名词 害怕某人/某物/做某事
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be scared to + 动词原形(do sth.) 因害怕而不敢做某事
be scared that + 从句 害怕……(发生某事)
例:She is scared of riding roller coasters.(她害怕坐过山车。)
知识点 15
encourage v. 鼓励 encouragement n.鼓励
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的 encouraged adj.受鼓舞的
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
be encouraged by sth. 被……激励
例:Teachers always encourage students to be creative.(老师总鼓励学生发挥创造力。)
知识点 16
instruction / n str k n/ n.指导 instruct v.指导、教 instructor n.教练
知识点 16
perform v.表、演、执行 performer n.执行者、表演者 performance n.表演、表现
知识点 17
practise doing sth.练习做某事
知识点 18
afraid adj.害怕的 fear n.害怕 fearful adj.极害怕的
fearful of sth对……极度恐惧
be afraid of sth. / be afraid of doing sth
害怕某物 / 害怕做某事
be afraid to do sth不敢做某事
知识点 19
character n.角色、性格、特点、文字 characteristic adj.典型的 n.特征
in character符合性格
out of character不符合性格
知识点 20
step v.迈步 n.脚步、步骤
step into踏入
step out走出
step by step逐步地
知识点 21
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single adj.单一的,唯一的
single out挑出
in single file成单列;排成一队
知识点 22
deal v. 处理,应对 n. 大量 deal-dealt-dealt
deal with = do with 处理,解决
知识点 23
choice n.选择(可数名词)choose v.选择 choosy adj.挑剔的
choose-chose-chosen
make a choice(to do sth.)做出选择(做某事)
have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择
知识点 24
even(副词,意为“甚至”,用于加强语气,位置在实义动词 like 之前)
知识点 25
return v.返回
return to + 地点 返回某地
return sth. to sb. / return sb. sth. 把某物归还给某人
例:I will return to my primary school to visit teachers next month.(下个月我会返回小学拜访老师。)
知识点 26
poem n.诗 poet n.诗人
知识点 27
description /d skr p n/ n.描述 describe v. 描述;描写
describe… to sb.向某人描述…… be similar to与……相似
describe… as…把……描述为…… be similar in sth.在某方面相似
give a description of…对……进行描述
例:Many students describe our math teacher as patient and kind.(很多学生把我们的数学老师描述为
耐心又善良。)
知识点 28
similar adj.相似的 similarity n.相似 similarly adv.相似地
例:Your new phone is similar to mine in appearance.(你的新手机和我的在外观上很相似。)
知识点 29
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thanks (a lot) for (doing) sth.
(非常)感谢(做)某事
thanks for sb.’s help
感谢某人的帮助
例:Thanks a lot for lending me your English notebook.(非常感谢你把英语笔记本借给我。)
Thanks for your help in preparing for the English speech contest.(感谢你在英语演讲比赛备赛时的帮
助。)
知识点 30
push for sth.努力争取/推动某事
push sb. to do sth.催促/促使某人做某事
push oneself too hard 把自己逼得太紧
例:Parents often push their kids to study hard for exams.(父母常催促孩子为考试努力学习。)
知识点 31
be alike相似
look alike看起来相似
like可作介词“像……”,如 look like“看起来像”,后接名词/代词
alike仅作形容词(表语)或副词
例:The two sisters are very alike in their hobbies.(这对姐妹在爱好方面很相似。)
知识点 32
decide v. 决定 decision n. 决定
决定做某事:~ decide to do sth. ~ make a decision to do sth.
知识点 33
improve v.改变 improvement n.改变 improved adj.改进的
例:We should improve our writing skills by keeping diaries(. 我们应该通过写日记来提高写作技巧。)
知识点 34
skill n.技巧 skilled adj.熟练的(强调“经过训练后掌握技能”)skillful adj.灵巧的(更强调“天生或后
天形成的灵巧性”)
have a skill in... 在……方面有技能
skilled in/at... 擅长……;在……方面熟练
be skillful in/at... 在……方面灵巧/熟练
例:She is skillful in making paper-cuts.(她在剪纸方面很灵巧。)
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知识点 35
important adj.重要的 importance n.重要性
be important to/for sb./sth. 对……重要
it’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要
play an important role (in)(在……中)起重要作用
知识点 36
stress n.压力 v.强调 stressed adj.感到有压力的 stressful adj.有压力的
under stress处于压力之下
stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
知识点 37
identify v.识别 identification n.识别;身份证明
identifiable adj.可识别的;可辨认的
identify sb./sth. 识别/认出某人/某物
identify sb./sth. as... 确认某人/某物是……
知识点 38
object n.物体、目标 v.反对 objective adj.客观的;目标的 objection n.反对
object to sth./doing sth.反对某事/做某事
objective facts客观事实
例:My dad objects to me staying up late to play games.(爸爸反对我熬夜打游戏。)
知识点 39
be good for对……有好处
be good at擅长……
be good to对……友好
知识点 40
sensory adj.感官的、感觉的 sense n.感觉 sensible 明智的 sensitive 敏感的
make sense有意义
make sense of理解
a sense of + 抽象名词……的感觉/意识
例:It’s sensible to wear warm clothes in winter.(冬天穿暖和的衣服是明智的。)
知识点 41
prefer A to B 比起 B更喜欢 A
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知识点 42
achieve v.实现 achievement n.成就;实现
make an achievement取得一项成就
the achievement of sth.某事的实现/完成
知识点 43
“find it + 形容词 + 不定式”(形式宾语+真正宾语)
例:We find it fun to take part in the school art club after class.(我们发现课后参加学校艺术社团很有
趣。)
知识点 44
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
知识点 45
so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 如此……以至于……
such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词/可数名词复数
例:修饰形容词(贴合学习场景):This English story is so interesting that I read it twice in one day.
(这个英语故事太有趣了,我一天之内读了两遍。)
My mom bought me such a funny storybook that I can’t put it down(. 妈妈给我买了一本超有趣的故事
书,我都放不下它。)
Our math teacher gave us such useful advice that we solved all the problems easily.(数学老师给了我
们超有用的建议,我们轻松解出了所有题目。
知识点 46
fashionable adj.时尚的 fashion n.时尚、方式
in fashion流行
out of fashion过时;不流行
in a... fashion以……的方式
知识点 47
dream to do sth.
=dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
have a dream 做梦
follow one’s dream追逐梦想
知识点 48
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inspire v.激励 inspired adj.受激励的 inspiring adj.令人激励的 inspiration n.① 激励;鼓舞(不可数
名词)② 灵感(可数)
inspire sb. to do sth.激励/启发某人做某事
inspire sth. in sb. / inspire sb. with sth.在某人心中激发起某种情感/想法
be inspired by被……激励/启发
例:Many classmates are inspired by the volunteer’s actions to help others.(很多同学被志愿者助人的
行为所激励。)
My deskmate’s progress inspires me to improve my English writing.(同桌的进步激励我提升英语写
作能力。)
The teacher’s praise inspired confidence in the shy student.(老师的表扬在这个害羞的学生心中激发
起了自信。)
知识点 49
surprise n./v.惊喜 surprising adj.令人惊讶的
surprised adj.感到惊讶的
知识点 50
条件状语从句(as long as/if引导)表“用一般现在时”表“将来的条件”即“主将从现”
知识点 51
It seems that + 从句 似乎……;看起来……
seem like + 名词/代词 似乎像……
seem + 形容词 似乎/看起来……(状态)
seem + to do sth 似乎要做某事
例:It seems that we will have a math test tomorrow. Let's review today.(似乎我们明天要进行数学测
试,今天复习一下吧。)
This storybook seems like a wonderful choice for our reading club.(这本故事书对我们读书社团来说
似乎是个绝佳选择。)
Your little sister seems very excited about the upcoming school trip.(你妹妹对即将到来的学校旅行似
乎很兴奋。)
He seems to have finished his homework already. Let's ask him to play basketball.(他似乎已经完成作
业了,我们叫他去打篮球吧。)
知识点 52
① hundreds of 大量;许多;成百上千
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hundred, thousand, million与 of连用时,常用复数形式,前面不加具体的数词,
hundreds of 后接可数名词的复数形式。
常用搭配:thousands of(成千上万的),millions of(数以百万计的)。
知识点 53
stage n.舞台、阶段
stage a play 上演一出戏
at this stage 在这个阶段
知识点 54
She’s happy to see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some carrots for a snack! 她每次我
拜访,尤其是当我给她带些胡萝卜当零食时,都很高兴见到我!
whenever:相当于“no matter when”,表“无论何时”,引导让步状语从句,强调“无论我什么时候
拜访”。时态上,从句用一般现在时(如 visit)表“将来的动作”,因主句是一般现在时,符合“主
将从现”的延伸规则(让步/时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来)
例:You can borrow my English dictionary whenever you need it.(你无论何时需要都可以借我的英
语词典。)
知识点 55
especially + 名词/代词/介词短语(for sb/sth):对某人/某物来说尤其如此
especially when引导的从句:在特定时间/条件下,情况尤其明显
例:English learning is important for all students, especially for those who want to make foreign friends.
(英语学习对所有学生都重要,尤其是对想交外国朋友的同学来说。)
I like reading novels in my free time, especially when I have no homework on weekends.(我喜欢在业
余时间读小说,尤其是在周末没作业的时候。)
知识点 56
nature n.自然 natural adj.自然的;天生的 naturally adv.自然地;天生地
by nature天生
单元短语总结
1 in nature 在自然界中
2 play the flute吹笛子
3 express feelings 表达感情
4 create an app 创造一个应用
5 in your free time 在你的空闲时间
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6 ice skating 滑冰
7 challenges of free-time activities业余活动的挑战
8 get over my fear克服我的恐惧
9 get better变得更好
10 be up to 正在忙
11 kung fu movies 功夫电影
12 once in a while偶尔
13 go on a family outing 进行家庭郊游
14 clam down 冷静下来
15 do yoga 做瑜伽
16 keep fit 保持健康
17 reduce stress 减少压力
18 start out as 以……身份开始
19 at the same time同一时间
20 take up a hobby 发展一个兴趣爱好
21 so far到目前为止
22 a sense of achievement 一种成就感
23 pass the time打发时间
24 a new skill 一个新技巧
25 the first step 第一步
26 in front of 在…前面
27 at first首先
28 a good way to 一个好的方法去…
29 in the future 在未来
30 discover your creative side 发现你创造的一面
31 in nature 在自然界里
32 make art 创作艺术
33 physical hobbies 身体类爱好
34 creative hobbies 创意类爱好
35 paint landscapes 画风景画
36 learn Italian 学习意大利语
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37 collect postcards 收集明信片
38 prefer to make things 更喜欢制作东西
39 take me to ride a horse 带我去骑马
40 such an amazing experience 一次非常奇妙的经历
动词不定式核心知识点总结
一、动词不定式作宾语
1. 定义:动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,有带 to(to+动词原形)和不带 to(动词原形)两
种形式。它不能单独作谓语,但可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
2. 用法:① 常见携带 to不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope,
wish, expect, decide, try, plan, forget, remember,
ask, help, need, learn, seem, agree, choose, fail等。
★ help可携带 to或不带 to的不定式作宾语,意思不变。
例:I often help my classmate (to) finish his math homework after school.(我经常在放学后帮同学完
成数学作业。)
She decides to finish her homework before watching TV.(她决定看完电视前先完成作业。)
② 动词短语(know, ask, show, teach, decide, find out等)
后可用“疑问词(what, which, who, where, when, how等)+动词不定式”结构作宾语。
例:We always ask our math teacher how to solve difficult word problems.(我们总是问数学老师如何
解决复杂的应用题。)
③ 部分动词(like, love, begin, start等)后既可接动词不定式,
也可接动名词,意义差别不大。
④ 结构“find/think/feel+it+形容词+动词不定式”中,it是形式宾语,动词不定式是真正宾语。
例:I think it important to finish our homework on time every day(. 我认为每天按时完成作业很重要。)
二、动词不定式作目的状语
1. 定义:动词不定式(to + 动词原形,否定式 not to + 动词原形)作目的状语,用于说明动作的
目的,即“做某事是为了做另一件事”。
① 常用结构:主句 + to do sth.(不定式放句末,无逗号)。
例:I get up early every day to avoid being late for school.(我每天早起,为了上学不迟到。)
② 强调结构:To do sth., 主句(不定式放句首,后加逗号)。
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To relax, Chen Jie plays the flute in her free time.为了放松,陈洁在她的休闲时间吹笛子
2. 标志与验证:
翻译验证:不定式可译为“为了……”且逻辑合理。
标志词“in order to”:可加在不定式前
(句首或句末),强化目的,句子意思不变。
○We study hard (in order) to get good grades.
○ In order to make friends, she joins the music club.
UNIT 2 Stay Healthy
知识点 1:stay的用法(动词+名词)
动词含义 1:停留、待(在某地/某段时间)
例:I will stay at home this weekend.(这个周末我会待在家里)
动词含义 2:保持(某种状态,作系动词,后接形容词)
例:Eat more vegetables to stay healthy.(多吃蔬菜保持健康)
名词含义:停留、逗留
例:We had a short stay in Shanghai.(我们在上海短暂逗留了一段时间)
知识点 2:health相关词汇
health n.健康
例:We should care about our health.(我们应该关心我们的健康)
healthy adj.健康的
例:She is a healthy girl.(她是一个健康的女孩)
healthily adv.健康地
例:We should eat healthily every day.(我们应该每天健康饮食)
短语:keep/improve one’s health保持/改善健康;
be in good/bad health身体好/不好
例:He does exercise to keep his health.(他锻炼来保持健康);He is in good health.(他身体很好)
知识点 3:cut的用法(动词+名词)
v.切、消减、中断;n.伤口
短语:“a cut on + 身体部位”:某部位的伤口
例:He has a cut on his finger.(他手指上有个伤口)
“make a cut”:划一个口子
例:Don’t make a cut on the paper.(别在纸上划口子)
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cut school 旷课
例:He cut school yesterday.(他昨天旷课了)
知识点 4:cause的用法(名词+动词)
n.原因;v.导致
causal adj.因果关系的;原因的
短语:;cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事;the cause of………的原因
例:The heavy rain is the cause of the flood.(大雨是洪水的原因);
His carelessness caused him to make mistakes.(他的粗心导致他犯错)
知识点 5:enough的用法
adj.+ enough 足够…的
例:The room is big enough for us to live in.(这个房间足够大,我们可以住)
enough + n.足够的…
例:We have enough food to eat.(我们有足够的食物吃)
知识点 6:matter的用法(动词+名词)
v.要紧;有关系;n.要紧事;麻烦事;事情;问题;物质
短语:sth. matters (a lot) to sb.某事对某人很重要
例:Your opinion matters a lot to me.(你的意见对我很重要);
What’s the matter with you (你怎么了?)
知识点 7:press的用法(动词+名词+形容词)
v.按、催促;pressure n.压力;pressing adj.急迫的
短语:press sth. against sth. 把……压在……上;
press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事;
under pressure 处于压力之下;
put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力
例:He pressed the button.(他按下按钮);
She pressed her son to study hard.(她催促儿子努力学习);
He is under pressure at work.(他工作压力很大)
知识点 8:cover的用法(动词+名词)
v.覆盖;n.盖子 cover…covered- covered
短语:;be covered (with/by) 被……覆盖;
cover sth. (with sth.):(用……)覆盖某物
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例:The ground is covered with snow.(地面被雪覆盖)
;Cover the bowl with a plate.(用盘子盖住碗)
知识点 9:medicine相关词汇
medicine n.药;medical adj.药物的;medicate v.用药治疗
短语:take medicine 吃药;
a bottle of medicine 一瓶药;
in medicine 在医学领域;
medical care 医疗护理;
traditional Chinese medicine 中药
例:You should take medicine on time.(你应该按时吃药)
;We need to improve medical care in rural areas.(我们需要改善农村的医疗护理)
知识点 10:avoid的用法(动词+名词+形容词)
avoidance n.避免;avoidable adj.可避免的;avoid v.避免
短语:avoid doing sth 避免做某事;
avoid from 从……中避开;
the avoidance of sth 避免……
例:You should avoid eating too much sugar.(你应该避免吃太多糖);
We should take measures for the avoidance of accidents.(我们应该采取措施避免事故)
知识点 11:care的用法(动词+形容词+副词)
v.关心;careful adj.小心的;carefully adv.小心地
短语:take care of=look after 照顾
例:Please look after your little sister.(请照顾好你的小妹妹)
;He did his homework carefully.(他认真地做家庭作业)
知识点 12:suggest的用法(动词+名词)
suggest v.建议;suggestion n.建议(可数名词);advice n.建议(不可数名词);advise v.建议
短语:advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事;
take/follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议;
suggest doing sth.建议做某事;
suggest + that从句(虚拟语气:should + 动词原形,should可省略)
例:I suggest going for a walk.(我建议去散步);
The doctor advised him to rest.(医生建议他休息)
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;He made a suggestion that we should leave early.(他建议我们早点离开)
知识点 13:bruise的用法(动词+形容词)
v.(使)身体淤青、擦伤;(使)水果/物品碰伤;bruised adj.(身体部位)有淤青的、擦伤的;
(水果/物品)有碰痕的
例:He bruised his knee when he fell.(他摔倒时膝盖擦伤了);
The apple is bruised.(这个苹果有碰痕)
知识点 14:suffering的用法(名词+动词)
suffering 可数名词“苦难的经历”;不可数名词“痛苦”;adj.痛苦的;suffer v.承受、经历
短语:the suffering of sb 某人的痛苦;
end one’s suffering 结束某人的痛苦;
suffer from + 名词(疾病/困难类);suffer + 具体名词(痛苦/损失类)
例:He went through a lot of sufferings.(他经历了很多苦难);
She is suffering from a cold.(她感冒了)
知识点 15:accident相关短语
an accident happens 事故发生;
sb. has/had an accident 某人出事故
;sb. meets with an accident 某人遭遇事故;
in an accident 在事故中
;by accident 意外地
例:An accident happened yesterday.(昨天发生了一起事故);
He had an accident last week.(他上周出事故了);
He found the key by accident.(他意外地找到了钥匙)
知识点 16:temperature相关表达
询问温度用“What’s the temperature... ”;
have a high temperature=have a fever发烧;
at a temperature of...在……温度下;
take one’s temperature量体温
例:What’s the temperature today (今天气温多少?);
He has a fever, so he should take his temperature.(他发烧了,所以应该量体温)
知识点 17:description的用法(名词+动词)
description n.描述;describe v.描述;描写
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短语:describe… to sb.向某人描述……;
describe… as…把……描述为……;
give a description of… 对……进行描述
例:Please describe your new teacher to me.(请向我描述你的新老师);
He gave a detailed description of the event.(他对事件做了详细描述)
知识点 18:terrible的用法(形容词+名词+副词+动词)
terrible adj.恐怖的;terror n.恐惧;terribly adv.恐怖地;terrify v.使恐惧
短语:in terror恐惧地、害怕地;
fill sb with terror使某人充满恐惧;
be terrified of sth害怕某物;
be terrible at + 名词/动名词(doing sth)不擅长……、在……方面做得很差;
be terrible for + 名词对……有害、对……不利;
be terrible to do sth做某事很糟糕/难受
例:She is terrified of snakes.(她害怕蛇)
;He is terrible at math.(他数学很差);
Smoking is terrible for your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害)
知识点 19:certainty的用法(名词+形容词+副词+动词)
certainty n.确定性;certain adj.确定的;certainly adv.确定地;certify v.证明
短语:with certainty确定地;
certify to sth.为某事作证/证明;
certify sb. as…证明某人是…;
uncertain about sth.对某事不确定;
uncertain whether/if + 从句 不确定是否……;
be uncertain to do sth.做某事没把握/不确定;
the certainty of sth.某事的确定性
例:I can say with certainty that he is honest.(我可以肯定地说他很诚实);
I’m uncertain about his plan.(我对他的计划不确定)
知识点 20:screen的用法(名词+动词)
screen n.屏幕、检查;v.筛查
短语:screen sb. for sth.为某事给某人做筛查;
screen out屏蔽;off the screen屏幕外
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例:The doctor will screen you for heart disease.(医生会为你做心脏病筛查);
The ads were screened out.(广告被屏蔽了)
知识点 21:save的用法(动词+名词+形容词)
save v.节、节约、拯救、储存;saving n.节约、存款;safe adj.安全的
短语:save sb. from sth.从……中拯救某人;
save money for sth.为某事存钱;
save/lose one’s life拯救/失去某人的生命
例:The doctor saved him from death.(医生把他从死亡线上救了回来);
We should save money for the future.(我们应该为将来存钱)
知识点 22:right away相关短语
right away=right now=at once=immediately 立马
例:Please come here right away.(请马上来这里)
知识点 23:throw的用法(动词+短语)
throw away 丢弃;
throw forward 向前扔;
throw oneself into 投身于;全力投入
例:Don’t throw away the old books.(别丢弃旧书);
He threw himself into his work.(他全身心投入工作)
知识点 24:burn的用法(动词+过去式/过去分词)
burn v.燃烧;烧伤;burn-burnt / burned-burnt / burned
短语:get burned 被烫伤;
burn energy 燃烧能量
例:Be careful not to get burned.(小心别被烫伤);
We burn energy when we exercise.(我们锻炼时燃烧能量)
知识点 25:panic的用法(名词+形容词+短语)
panic about/over sth 对某事的恐慌;
in a panic 惊慌中
例:He was in a panic when he lost his keys.(他丢了钥匙时惊慌失措)
知识点 26:aid的用法(名词+动词+短语)
aid n.帮助,助手;助理;v.帮助
短语:in aid of 为了帮助……;
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aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事;
aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
例:He gave money in aid of the poor.(他捐钱帮助穷人);
She aided him in finishing the work.(她帮助他完成工作)
知识点 27:prepare的用法(动词+名词+形容词+短语)
prepare v.准备;preparation n.准备;prepared adj.有准备的
短语:prepare to do sth.准备做某事;
be prepared for为……做好准备;
make preparations for为……做准备
例:We should prepare for the exam.(我们应该为考试做准备);
She made preparations for the trip.(她为旅行做了准备)
知识点 28:point的用法(动词+名词+短语)
point at指向(具体人或物,侧重指的动作);
point to指向(方向或远处事物,侧重指的对象);
point out指出;指明;
key point关键点
例:He pointed at the tree.(他指着那棵树);
He pointed out my mistake.(他指出了我的错误)
知识点 29:summary的用法(名词+动词+短语)
summary n.总结;summarize v.总结
短语:summarize sth for sb为某人总结某;
in summary总之;概括地说
例:Can you summarize the story for me (你能为我总结这个故事吗?);
In summary, we should work hard.(总之,我们应该努力工作)
知识点 30:action的用法(名词+动词+形容词+短语)
action n.行动;actor n.演员;act v.表演、行动;actress n.女演员;active adj.活跃的
短语:act as担任;
take an active part in积极参与;
take action采取行动
例:He acted as a teacher.(他担任老师);
We should take action to protect the environment.(我们应该采取行动保护环境)
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知识点 31:pain/ache/injury/hurt/sore的用法辨析
若描述“全身的、突发的疼痛”(如摔倒后的剧痛)用 pain;
例:The little boy cried out in pain.(小男孩疼得大叫)
若描述“局部的、持续的酸痛”(如久坐后的背痛)用 ache;
例:I have a headache.(我头痛)
若描述“具体的身体损伤/伤势”(如骨折、割伤)用 injury;
例:He got an injury in the accident.(他在事故中受伤了)
hurt v.疼痛、受伤;adj.受伤的;
例:His leg hurt.(他的腿受伤了)
sore adj.酸痛的、疼痛的;
例:Don’t lie down for too long as it could make your back feel sore.(不要躺太久,因为这会让你的
背部感到酸痛)
知识点 32:flu的用法
catch the flu: 固定搭配,表“感染流感”(侧重“感染”的动作);
例:If you don’t wear a mask, you might catch the flu.(如果你不戴口罩,可能会感染流感)
have the flu: 表“患有流感”(侧重“患病”的状态);
例:He has the flu, so he can’t go to school.(他得了流感,所以不能上学)
知识点 33:disorder/order/strange/tight/nervous的用法
disorder n.混乱;order n.命令、秩序;v.命令;
例:The room was in disorder.(房间一片混乱);
He gave an order to stop.(他下令停止)
in order to do sth为了做某事;out of order出故障;in order按顺序;
例:He got up early in order to catch the bus.(他早起为了赶公交车)
;The machine is out of order.(机器出故障了)
strange adj.奇怪的;陌生的;stranger n.陌生人;strangely adv.奇怪地、陌生地;
例:It’s strange that he didn’t come.(他没来很奇怪);
A stranger came to the door.(一个陌生人来到门口)
tight adj./adv.紧紧的(地);tighten v.拉紧、绷紧;be tight with sb 和某人关系亲密;
例:Hold the rope tight.(紧紧抓住绳子);
He is tight with his classmates.(他和同学关系亲密)
be nervous to do sth. 做某事时感到紧张;
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例:She is nervous to speak in public.(她在公众面前讲话很紧张)
知识点 34:allergy/promise/ingredient的用法
allergy n.过敏症;allergic adj.过敏的;
例:I have an allergy to cats.(我对猫过敏)
;He is allergic to peanuts.(他对花生过敏)
make a promise (to sb.)(向某人)许下诺言;
keep one’s promise 遵守诺言;
break one’s promise 违背诺言;
promise to do sth. 承诺做某事;
例:He made a promise to help me.(他承诺帮助我);
You should keep your promise.(你应该遵守诺言)
ingredient/ n ɡri di nt/n.原料;
例:Flour is a key ingredient in bread.(面粉是面包的关键原料);
Check the ingredients of the food.(检查食物的成分)
知识点 35:aware/awareness/strain的用法
aware adj.意识到的;awareness n.意识;unaware adj.未意识到的;lack of awareness缺乏意识;
例:We should be aware of the danger.(我们应该意识到危险);
There is a lack of awareness about mental health.(关于心理健康缺乏意识)
strain v.拉紧;绷紧(物体);使承受压力;连累(人/事物);n.压力;负担;
strain oneself尽力;勉强自己;
strain one’s eyes眯眼细看;
例:Don’t strain your eyes by reading in the dark.(别在黑暗中看书伤眼睛);
He is under a lot of strain at work.(他工作压力很大)
知识点 36:treat/vision的用法
treat v./n. 对待;款待;v.治疗;treatment n.治疗;款待;
例:The doctor will treat his illness.(医生会治疗他的病);
We should treat others with kindness.(我们应该友善地对待他人)
vision n.视力、构想、景象;visual adj.视觉的;看得见的;
例:He has poor vision.(他视力不好);
We need to have a clear vision for the future.(我们需要对未来有清晰的构想)
单元短语总结
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1. sore throat(喉咙痛) 26. talk to your friends(和朋友交谈)
2. stomachache(胃痛) 27. hurt oneself(伤到自己)
3. headache(头痛) 28. by oneself(独自)
4. toothache(牙痛) 29. enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
5. backache(背痛) 30. take care of oneself(照顾自己)
6. cut(伤口) 31. protect oneself(保护自己)
7. runny nose(流鼻涕) 32. at a friend's birthday party(在朋友
8. fever(发烧) 的生日派对上)
9. have the flu(患流感) 33. fall during a...(在……期间摔倒)
10. throat hurts(喉咙痛) 34. eat too many...(吃太多……)
11. take some medicine(吃药) 35. talk too much(说太多话)
12. drink enough water(喝足够的水) 36. next time(下次)
13. rest at home(在家休息) 37. for now(目前)
14. wear a mask(戴口罩) 38. flu season(流感季节)
15. see a dentist(看牙医) 39. in one's hands(由某人掌控)
16. get an X-ray(拍 X光片) 40. act out(表演)
17. eat some soft food(吃些软食) 41. guess what it is(猜是什么)
18. be more careful(更小心) 42. pour oil into a pan(把油倒进平底
19. rest and drink enough water(休息 锅)
并喝足够的水) 43. turn on the stove(打开炉灶)
20. drink some water with honey(喝些 44. leave the oil to heat(让油加热)
加蜂蜜的水) 45. prepare the chicken(准备鸡肉)
21. clean the area and cover it(清洁伤 46. hear the front door open(听到前门
口并覆盖) 打开)
22. press down on your nose(按住鼻子) 47. follow sb. into the living room(跟
23. put something warm on your 着某人进入客厅)
stomach(给胃敷些温暖的东西) 48. hear all about sth.(详细了解某事)
24. avoid using your phone too often 49. smell something burning(闻到有东
(避免频繁使用手机) 西烧焦的味道)
25. listen to music(听音乐) 50. rush back into the kitchen(冲回厨
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房) 72. ear hurt(耳朵疼)
51. be on fire(着火) 73. lie down(躺下)
52. large flames jump into the air(大火 74. make sth. feel sore(让某物感到酸
苗蹿到空中) 痛)
53. turn off the stove at once(立刻关掉 75. hit sb. hard(重重地撞到某人)
炉灶) 76. throw sb. to the ground(把某人甩
54. throw oneself to the floor(扑倒在 到地上)
地) 77. be coloured with fear(因恐惧而脸
55. put out the fire by rolling on the 色变化)
ground(通过在地上滚动灭火) 78. suffer from shock(休克)
56. get water(取水) 79. first aid(急救)
57. be about to do so(正要这么做) 80. call for help(呼救)
58. stop short(突然停下) 81. check sth. carefully(仔细检查某物)
59. thanks to sth.(多亏了某事) 82. X-ray show(X光显示)
60. first aid and safety classes(急救与 83. arm be broken(手臂骨折)
安全课程) 84. avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)
61. make oil fires much worse(让油火 85. look at one's phone(看手机)
变得更严重) 86. cross the road(过马路)
62. run to get the fire extinguishe(r 跑去 87. invite sb. to one's house(邀请某人
拿灭火器) 到家里)
63. in seconds(几秒钟内) 88. have sth. to oneself(独自享用某物)
64. run cool water over sth.(用冷水冲 89. order pizza, salad, and juice(点披
洗某物) 萨、沙拉和果汁)
65. eat out(外出就餐) 90. start to feel strange(开始感觉不对
66. fall off(从……摔下来) 劲)
67. cry out in pain(疼得大叫) 91. feel warm(感觉发热)
68. catch the flu(得流感) 92. feel tight(感觉发紧)
69. do sport(做运动) 93. be allergic to peanuts(对花生过敏)
70. get an injury(受伤) 94. jump into action(立即行动)
71. have to rest(不得不休息) 95. take sb. to the hospital at once(立刻
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送某人去医院)
96. tell sb. what happened(告诉某人发
生了什么)
97. give sb. some medicine right away
(立刻给某人吃药)
98. take better care of oneself(更好地
照顾自己)
99. check the ingredients(检查配料)
100.work in a group(小组合作)
101.focus on(专注于)
102.do some research on sth.(对某事做
研究)
103.create a health brochure(制作健康
手册)
104.present to the class(向班级展示)
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初中情态动词总结
1. can / could(“能做、可以做、可能是”,日常最常用)
用法 1:表“能力”(会做某事,can表现在,could表过去)
例 1:我现在会游泳→I can swim now.
例 2:我 5岁时会骑车→I could ride a bike when I was 5.
用法 2:表“许可”(请求或允许做某事,could比 can更客气)
例 1:我能借你笔吗?→Can I borrow your pen
例 2:你能帮我搬书吗?(更客气)→Could you help me carry books
用法 3:表“可能性”(会不会是、可能吗,can只用于“不可能”,could可表“可能”)
例 1:这不可能是他的书包(他书包是蓝色的)→This can't be his schoolbag.
例 2:这可能是妈妈买的水果→This could be the fruit Mom bought.
易错提醒:用 could客气请求时,回答别说“could”,比如别人问“Could you help me ”,要答“Yes,
I can.”(不是“Yes, I could.”)
2. may / might(“可以做、可能是”,比 can更委婉、正式)
用法 1:表“许可”(请求允许,比 can正式;或同意别人做某事)
例 1:老师,我可以进来吗?(更正式)→May I come in, teacher
例 2:你可以用我的尺子→You may use my ruler.
用法 2:表“可能性”(可能会、也许,might比 may“可能性更小”)
例 1:明天可能会下雨(概率 50%)→It may rain tomorrow.
例 2:她也许不来派对(概率 30%)→She might not go to the party.
易错提醒:别说“may not”表“禁止”,比如“这里不许抽烟”,不能说“You may not smoke here”,
要改说“You mustn't smoke here”。
3. must / mustn't(“必须做、绝不许做、肯定是”,语气最硬)
用法 1:表“必须”(有义务、要负责,否定说“不必”,用 needn't)
例 1:我们必须按时交作业→We must finish homework on time.
例 2:问:我现在必须交吗?答:不,不必→—Must I hand it in now —No, you needn't.
用法 2:表“禁止”(绝对不能做,语气强,比如安全规则、纪律)
例 1:红灯时绝不许过马路→You mustn't cross the road at red lights.
例 2:课堂上不许说话→You mustn't talk in class.
用法 3:表“肯定推测”(有依据的“一定是”,只用于肯定句)
例 1:他抱着书包跑,一定是要迟到了→He's running with his schoolbag. He must be late.
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易错提醒:别把 mustn't当“不必”,比如“不必等我”,不能说“You mustn't wait for me”,要改
说“You needn't wait for me”。
4. need(“需要做”,分两种用法,别混)
用法 1:作“情态动词”(只用于“否定句、疑问句”,后接动词原形)
例 1:你不必等我(否定)→You needn't wait for me.
例 2:我们现在需要开始吗?(疑问)→Need we start now
用法 2:作“实义动词”(肯定、否定、疑问都能用,后接“to+动词”)
例 1:我需要买本新笔记本(肯定)→I need to buy a new notebook.
例 2:她不需要早走(否定)→She doesn't need to go early.
易错提醒:别用“情态动词 need”说肯定句,比如“我需要完成作业”,不能说“I need finish
homework”,要改说“I need to finish homework”。
5. should / ought to(“应该做”,提建议、说责任)
核心用法:都表“应该”,ought to语气比 should稍强,ought to后面必须加“to”,should不用
例 1:你应该听父母的话(提建议)→You should listen to your parents.
例 2:我们应该帮助老人(说责任)→We ought to help the old.
否定/疑问:should的否定是 shouldn't(不应该),ought to的否定是 oughtn't to(不应该)
例 1:你不应该看太多电视→You shouldn't watch too much TV.
例 2:我们应该告诉他真相吗?→Ought we to tell him the truth (别漏了 to,不能说 Ought we help
him )
反身代词
一、核心定义
反身代词核心是“指代主语本身”,表“自己、亲自”,【不能单独作主语,需绑定主语使用,避免指
代模糊(如“她自己整理书包”,明确动作执行者是“她”而非他人)。】
二、人称对应表
第一人称:单数(myself 我自己)、复数(ourselves 我们自己)
第二人称:单数(yourself 你自己)、复数(yourselves 你们自己)
第三人称:单数(himself 他自己、herself 她自己、itself 它自己)、复数(themselves 他们/
她们/它们自己)
三、3类高频用法
1. 作宾语:跟在动词或介词后,强调“动作作用于自己”。
○ 动词后:He washes himself every morning.(他每天早上自己洗澡)
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○ 介词后:We should look after ourselves.(我们要照顾好自己)
2. 作同位语:跟在主语/宾语后,起“强调作用,省略后不影响句意”。
○ 主语后:My mother herself made this cake.(我妈妈亲自做的这个蛋糕)
○ 宾语后:You can ask Tom himself about it.(你可以问汤姆本人这件事)
3. 作表语,需置于系动词(如 be、feel、seem等)之后,说明主语的身份、状态,强调“主语本
身”
核心用法:
○ 系动词为 be时,表“主语就是自身”,例:“It’s myself.”(是我本人。)
○ 系动词为 feel、seem等感官动词时,表“主语的自身状态(是否正常)”,例:“I don’t feel myself
today.”(我今天感觉不舒服/不像自己。)
牢记固定搭配
by oneself 独自、亲自
help oneself to 随便吃/用(某物)
enjoy oneself 玩得开心、过得愉快
hurt oneself 伤到自己
look after oneself 照顾自己
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
make oneself at home 别拘束、像在自己家一样
lose oneself in 沉迷于……、全神贯注于……
teach oneself 自学
introduce oneself 自我介绍
say to oneself 自言自语
come to oneself 苏醒、恢复意识
devote oneself to 致力于……、投身于……
be oneself 恢复常态、保持本色
UNIT 3 Growing Up
知识点 1 “grow up”的用法
“grow up”是不及物动词短语,意为“长大;成长;成熟”,强调从儿童到成人的成长过程,或思
想、行为上的成熟。
1. 基本用法(无宾语)
例:I hope you can grow up to be a kind person.(我希望你能成长为一个善良的人。)
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2. 时间状语从句中的“主将从现”
在以“when, after, before”等引导的时间状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示
将来。
例:I will be a teacher after I grow up.(我长大后要当一名老师。)
知识点 2 “deal with”的用法
“deal with”是及物动词短语,主要有以下含义:
处理;对付;涉及;论述
1. 表示“处理;对付”
例:We should learn to deal with our homework problems properly(. 我们应该学会正确处理作业问题。)
2. 表示“涉及;论述”
例:This book deals with how to learn English well.(这本书论述了如何学好英语。)
与“how”“what”的搭配辨析
“deal with”常与 how 搭配,侧重“处理的方式、方法”;“do with”常与 what搭配,侧重“用什么
工具或方式处置”。
例: How do you deal with your old books (你怎么处理你的旧书?)
What do you do with your old books (你用你的旧书做什么?)
知识点 3 情感类词汇及短语(emotion相关)
emotion n.情感;emotional adj.情感的
短语:express one’s emotions 表达某人的情绪;
control one’s emotions 控制某人的情绪;
with emotion 激动地;情绪激动地
例:We should express our emotions in a right way.(我们应该用正确的方式表达情绪。)
例:She can control her emotions when she is angry.(她生气时能控制自己的情绪。)
知识点 4 情绪类短语(upset相关)
be upset about/at sth.因某事难过/不安;
be upset with sb.对某人心烦
例:He was upset about failing the test.(他因考试不及格而难过。)
例:Don’t be upset with your sister. She didn’t mean it.(别生你妹妹的气,她不是故意的。)
知识点 5 恐惧类词汇及短语(scary相关)
scary adj. 令人害怕的
短语:be scared of + 名词/代词/动名词(doing sth.) 害怕某人/某物/做某事;
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be scared to + 动词原形(do sth.) 因害怕而不敢做某事;
be scared that + 从句 害怕……(发生某事)
例:She is scared of dogs.(她害怕狗。)
例:He is scared to go out at night.(他害怕晚上出去。)
例:I’m scared that I will be late for class.(我害怕上课迟到。)
知识点 6 震惊类词汇(shock相关)
shock v.使震惊;n.震惊;shocking adj. 令人震惊的;shocked adj. 感到震惊的
例:The news is shocking.(这个消息令人震惊。)
例:We are shocked at the bad news.(我们对这个坏消息感到震惊。)
知识点 7 控制类短语(control相关)
control of oneself控制自己
;be out of control失控;
be controlled by被……控制;
take control of控制
例:You should take control of your time.(你应该掌控自己的时间。)
例:The car was out of control.(汽车失控了。)
知识点 8 建议类词汇(advice相关)
advice n.建议(不可数名词);advise v.建议
短语:advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事;
take/follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议
例:My teacher advises me to read more books.(我的老师建议我多读书。)
例:Please take my advice and study hard.(请采纳我的建议,努力学习。)
知识点 9 借还类短语(borrow, lend, return相关)
borrow sth. from sb./sp. 从某人/某地借入某物;
lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人;
return to + 地点 返回某地;
return sth. to sb. / return sb. sth. 把某物归还某人
例:I borrow a pen from my classmate.(我向同学借了一支笔。)
例:Can you lend your book to me =Can you lend me your book (你能把你的书借给我吗?)
例:Please return the book to the library.(请把书还回图书馆。)
知识点 10 伤害类词汇(hurt相关)
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hurt (adj.): 侧重“(人)处于受伤状态”;hurtful (adj.): 侧重“(事物)具有伤人属性”,修饰言
语、行为
短语:be hurtful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害/伤人
例:He was hurt in the game.(他在比赛中受伤了。)
例:It’s hurtful to say bad words about others.(说别人的坏话是伤人的。)
知识点 11 含义类词汇(meaning相关)
meaning n.意思,意义;含义;meaningful adj.有意义的;meaningless adj.无意义的;mean v.意
思是;意味着(meant – meant);adj.刻薄的
短语:mean to do sth打算做某事;
the meaning of... ……的意思;
be mean to sb对某人刻薄;
mean doing sth意味着做某事
例:What’s the meaning of this word (这个单词是什么意思?)
例:I mean to help you.(我打算帮助你。)
例:Don’t be mean to your little brother.(别对你弟弟刻薄。)
知识点 12 原谅类词汇(forgive相关)
forgive v.原谅;forgiveness n.原谅;forgiving adj.宽容的
短语:forgive sb for doing sth原谅某人做了某事;
the forgiveness of sb/sth对某人/某事的原谅
例:Please forgive me for being late.(请原谅我迟到了。)
知识点 13 过错类短语(fault相关)
find fault with sb/sth挑剔某人;找某人/某物的茬;
It’s one’s fault (to do sth)是某人的错;某人做某事是不对的
例:It’s your fault to break the window.(打破窗户是你的错。)
知识点 14 未来类词汇(future相关)
future n.未来;futurist n.未来主义者;futuristic adj.未来主义者
短语:in the future在未来;
in future今后;从今以后
例:I want to be a doctor in the future.(我将来想当一名医生。)
例:You should study hard in future.(你今后应该努力学习。)
知识点 15 建议类词汇(suggest相关)
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suggest v.建议;suggestion n.建议;
suggest doing sth.建议做某事;
suggest + that从句(虚拟语气: should + 动词原形, should可省略)
例:I suggest going to the park this weekend.(我建议这个周末去公园。)
例:My teacher suggests that we should read every day.(我的老师建议我们应该每天读书。)
知识点 16 争论类词汇(argue相关)
argue v.争论、说服;argument n.不可数名词:争论的状态或行为;可数名词:一次具体的争论
短语:argue with sb和某人争论;
argue about/over sth就某事争论;
argue with sb about/over sth和某人就某事争论;
argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事;
argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事
例:Don’t argue with your parents.(别和你父母争论。)
例:They are arguing about the movie.(他们在争论这部电影。)
知识点 17 展示类词汇(present相关)
present v.呈现,展示;n.礼物,目前;presentation n.展示/讲座
短语:prepare/make a presentation准备/制作展示内容;
attend a presentation参加一场展示/讲座;
present sth (to sb) = present sb with sth (向某人)展示/赠送某物;
be present at (sth) 出席(某场合)
例:We will make a presentation about our school life.(我们将做一个关于学校生活的展示。)
例:He presented a book to me. = He presented me with a book.(他送了我一本书。)
知识点 18 比较类词汇(compare相关)
comparative adj.比较的;compare v.比较;comparison n.比较
短语:compare...with... 将……与……比较;
make a comparison between A和 B之间做比较
例:Compare your answer with mine.(把你的答案和我的比较一下。)
例:Let’s make a comparison between the two books.(让我们比较一下这两本书。)
知识点 19 标准类词汇(standard相关)
standard n.标准;adj.标准的
短语:meet the standard达到标准;
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below standard低于标准;
above standard高于标准;
up to standard符合标准
例:We should meet the school’s standard of behavior.(我们应该达到学校的行为标准。)
知识点 20 奖励类词汇(award相关)
award n.奖;v.授予
短语:award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.授予某人某物
例:The teacher awarded him a prize. = The teacher awarded a prize to him.(老师授予他一个奖品。)
知识点 21 压力类词汇(stress, pressure相关)
stress n.压力;v.强调;stressed adj.感到有压力的;stressful adj.有压力的;pressure n. 压力(心理
/物理);v. 施压,迫使
短语:under stress处于压力之下;
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
例:Many students are under stress before exams.(许多学生考试前有压力。)
例:We should stress the importance of exercise.(我们应该强调锻炼的重要性。)
知识点 22 减少类词汇(reduction相关)
reduction n.减少(不可数);作可数名词时,表“具体的一次减少、一项减免;reduce v.减少
短语:reduce sth. to + 数字/程度 减少到……(数量/程度);
reduce from... to... 从……减少到……;
a reduction in + 名词 ……方面的减少
例:We should reduce the time we spend on games.(我们应该减少花在游戏上的时间。)
知识点 23 目的类词汇(purpose相关)
purpose n.目的;purposeful adj.有目的的
短语:for the purpose of...为了……目的
例:He did it for the purpose of helping others.(他做这件事是为了帮助别人。)
知识点 24 道歉类词汇(apologize相关)
apologize v.道歉;apology n.道歉
短语:apologize to sb for sth = make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉;
apologize to sb for doing sth因做了某事向某人道歉
例:You should apologize to her for being late. = You should make an apology to her for being late.(你
应该为迟到向她道歉。)
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知识点 25 态度类词汇(positive, negative相关)
positive attitude 积极的态度;
be positive about 对……乐观/肯定;
be negative about 对……消极/否定;
negative effect 消极影响
例:We should have a positive attitude towards life.(我们应该对生活有积极的态度。)
例:Don’t be negative about your study.(别对学习持消极态度。)
知识点 26 情绪类词汇(spirit相关)
spirit n.精神、情绪;spiritual adj.精神的
短语:in high/low spirits 情绪高/低落;
in the spirit of 本着…的精神;
with spirit 热情地;
have the spirit to do sth. 有勇气做某事
例:He is in high spirits today.(他今天情绪很高。)
例:We should have the spirit to face difficulties.(我们应该有勇气面对困难。)
知识点 27 参加类词汇(enter相关)
enter v.进入、参加(比赛、活动等);entry n.条目、进入、入口;enter v.进入、参加、登记
短语:enter sb. for 为某人报名参加
例:He entered the singing competition.(他参加了歌唱比赛。)
例:My mother entered me for the piano contest.(我妈妈为我报名参加钢琴比赛。)
知识点 28 错误类词汇(mistake相关)
make a mistake 犯一个错误;
by mistake 错误地;无意中;
mistake A for B 把 A误认为 B
例:I made a mistake in my homework.(我作业里犯了一个错误。)
例:I took your book by mistake.(我错拿了你的书。)
例:Don’t mistake him for his brother.(别把他误认为他哥哥。)
知识点 29 决定类词汇(decide相关)
decide v.决定;decision n.决定
短语:decide to do sth. =make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
例:I decide to study abroad. = I make a decision to study abroad.(我决定出国留学。)
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知识点 30 指向类短语(point相关)
point at 指向(具体人或物,侧重指的动作);
point to 指向(方向或远处,侧重指的对象);
point out 指出;指明;
key point 关键点
例:He pointed at the bird in the tree.(他指着树上的鸟。)
例:He pointed to the east and told us the way.(他指向东方,告诉我们路。)
例:Please point out my mistakes.(请指出我的错误。)
知识点 31 敢于类词汇(dare相关)
dare 做情态动词:敢于(侧重“意愿”,无实际意义,仅表语气);
作实义动词(vt.):敢于;挑战(侧重“动作”,有实际意义)
例:I dare not go out at night.(我晚上不敢出去。)(情态动词用法)
例:He dares to swim in the river.(他敢在河里游泳。)(实义动词用法)
知识点 32 分数类词汇(score相关)
score n.分数、比分;v.得分、给…打分
短语:get a good/bad score 得高/低分;
score a goal/point 进球/得分;
score + 数字 + in + 科目/比赛 在某科目/比赛中得……分;
the score (between A and B) A与 B的比分
例:She got a good score in the English test.(她英语考试得了高分。)
例:He scored a goal in the football match.(他在足球比赛中进了一个球。)
知识点 33 重复类短语(repeat相关)
repeat after sb跟着某人重复;
repeat sth to sb把某事重复给某人听
例:Please repeat after me: “I love English.”(请跟我重复:“我爱英语。”)
例:Please repeat the story to your parents.(请把这个故事重复给你父母听。)
知识点 34 自豪类短语(proud相关)
take pride in=be proud of以……为傲;
be proud of sb./sth.为……感到自豪;
be proud to do sth.做某事感到自豪
例:I take pride in my school. = I am proud of my school.(我为我的学校感到自豪。)
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例:I am proud to be a Chinese.(我为自己是中国人而自豪。)
知识点 35 表达类词汇(expression相关)
expression n.表达、表情;express v.表达;expressive adj.有表现力的
例:Your expression is very funny.(你的表情很有趣。)
例:We should learn to express our ideas.(我们应该学会表达自己的想法。)
知识点 36 失望类词汇(disappoint相关)
disappointment n.失望;disappoint v.(使)失望;disappointing adj.令人失望;disappointed adj.
感到失望的
短语:be disappointed at / with ... 对……感到失望;
to one’s disappointment 令人失望的是
例:The movie is disappointing.(这部电影令人失望。)
例:I am disappointed with my exam result.(我对考试结果感到失望。)
知识点 37 价值类词汇(value相关)
valued n.价值;valuable adj.有价值的;invaluable/ n v lju bl /极其宝贵;valueless adj.无价值的;
没用的
短语:of value 有价值的;
be valuable to...对……有价值;
value sth/sb (as...)把……(视为……)来重视;
value doing sth重视做某事;
place value on...重视……
例:Time is valuable to us.(时间对我们很有价值。)
例:We should value studying hard.(我们应该重视努力学习。)
知识点 38 归属类词汇(belong相关)
belong v.属于;belonging n.归属感;belongings n.财物
短语:take one’s belongings 带好个人财物;
belong to + 名词/代词宾格 属于……
例:These books belong to me.(这些书属于我。)
例:Please take your belongings when you leave.(离开时请带好你的财物。)
知识点 39 表现类词汇(behave相关)
behave v.表现;behaviour n.行为
短语:good behavior 良好的行为;
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behave oneself 表现得体
例:We should have good behavior in public.(我们在公共场合应该有良好的行为。)
例:Please behave yourself in class.(课堂上请表现得体。)
知识点 40 替代类短语(instead of相关)
instead of doing sth. 代替;而不是
例:We should study instead of playing games.(我们应该学习而不是玩游戏。)
知识点 41 深度类词汇(deep相关)
deep adj.深的,低沉的,深沉的;depth n.深度;deeply adv.深地
例:There is a deep river near our school.(我们学校附近有一条很深的河。)
例:He was deeply moved by the story.(他被这个故事深深感动了。)
知识点 42 生气类短语(get mad相关)
get mad at sb.: 对某人生气
例:Don’t get mad at your friend. It’s just a small mistake.(别生你朋友的气,只是个小错误。)
知识点 43 呼吸类词汇(breath相关)
breath n.呼吸;breathe v.呼吸
短语:breathe in吸入
breathe out呼出;
breathe a sigh of relief松一口气
例:Please breathe in and then breathe out slowly.(请慢慢吸气然后呼气。)
知识点 44 机会类词汇(opportunity, chance相关)
opportunity更正式,侧重“有价值、需主动把握的机会;
chance更口语化,侧重“偶然、随机出现的机会
短语:opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会;
It’s an opportunity for sb. to do sth.对某人来说,这是做某事的机会
例:It’s an opportunity for us to visit the museum.(对我们来说,这是参观博物馆的机会。)
例:I have a chance to meet a famous singer.(我有机会见到一位著名歌手。)
知识点 45 鼓励类词汇(encourage相关)
encourage v.鼓励;encouragement n.鼓励;encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的;encouraged adj.受鼓舞

短语:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
;be encouraged by sth. 被……激励
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例:My teacher encourages me to join the club.(我的老师鼓励我加入俱乐部。)
例:I am encouraged by my parents’ words.(我被父母的话激励了。)
知识点 46 自信类词汇(confidence相关)
confidence n.自信;confident adj.自信的
短语:with confidence 自信地;
have confidence in sb./sth.对……有信心;
build up confidence 树立信心
例:She speaks English with confidence.(她自信地说英语。)
例:We should build up confidence in learning math.(我们应该树立学习数学的信心。)
知识点 47 留存类词汇(remain相关)
remain to be done 有待被做
例:The work remains to be done.(这项工作有待完成。)
知识点 48 真诚类词汇(sincere相关)
sincere adj.真诚的;sincerely adv.真诚地;sincerity n.真诚
短语:in all sincerity 真心实意地;
be sincere about...对……是真诚的
例:I am sincere about making friends with you.(我真心想和你做朋友。)
知识点 49 关系类词汇(relation相关)
relation n.关系、亲戚;related n.相关的 亲戚的;relative adj.相对的;relate v.与…有关
短语:be related to 与……有关;
relate to 涉及;与……有关
例:This event is related to our daily life.(这件事与我们的日常生活有关。)
知识点 50 害怕类短语(be afraid相关)
be afraid to do sth.= be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事(侧重因恐惧而不敢做)
例:I am afraid to swim in the sea. = I am afraid of swimming in the sea.(我害怕在海里游泳。)
知识点 51 参加类词汇辨析(join, join in, take part in, attend)
join: 加入“组织/团体”或“加入某人”;
join in: 加入“正在进行的活动”;
take part in: 参与“活动/事件”,强调“积极参与”;
attend: “出席”正式场合,强调“到场”
例:I want to join the music club.(我想加入音乐俱乐部。)
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例:Let’s join in the game.(让我们加入这个游戏。)
例:He takes part in the sports meeting every year.(他每年都参加运动会。)
例:We will attend the meeting tomorrow.(我们明天将出席会议。)
单元短语总结
1. deal with our emotions 处理我们的 24. argue with 和……争论
情绪 25. close friends 亲密的朋友
2. fail a test 考试不及格 26. talk to 和……交谈
3. live alone 独自生活 27. write to 给……写信
4. hear about a sick friend 听说一个朋 28. a light heart/a heavy heart 轻松的心
友生病了 情/沉重的心情
5. meet old friends 遇见老朋友 29. feel blue/feel on top of the world 感
6. watch a scary movie 看恐怖电影 到沮丧/感到非常开心
7. fight with a friend 和朋友吵架 30. have a long face/be all smiles 愁眉
8. see an accident happen 目睹一场事 苦脸/满面笑容
故发生 31. in low spirits/in high spirits 情绪低
9. meet a new person 结识新人 落/情绪高涨
10. control one’s fear/anger 控制某人 32. enter the classroom 进入教室
的恐惧/愤怒 33. greet sb. 和某人打招呼
11. feel upset/shocked 感到沮丧/震惊 34. let sb. down 让某人失望
12. say sorry 道歉 35. be hard on oneself 对自己苛刻
13. feel bad about 对……感到难过 36. push a player 推一名球员
14. don’t worry about 不要担心 37. free throws 罚球
15. be more careful 更小心 38. manage stress 管理压力
16. forgive you 原谅你 39. take a break 休息一下
17. it was my fault 是我的错 40. clear one’s mind 理清思绪
18. didn’t mean to do 不是故意做 41. share problems 分享问题
19. make you feel better 让你感觉好点 42. shut oneself away 把自己封闭起来
20. although 尽管 43. take care of oneself 照顾自己
21. until 直到 44. reduce stress 减轻压力
22. so that 以便;为了 45. stay positive 保持积极
23. if 如果 46. take it back 收回(话)
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47. respect his decision 尊重他的决定 70. control anger 控制愤怒
48. have a good chance to win 有很好 71. express in bad ways 用不好的方式
的获胜机会 表达
49. kick myself 自责 72. take a deep breath 深呼吸
50. look on the bright side 看到好的一 73. calm down 冷静下来
面 74. a little less angry 不那么生气一点
51. be proud of 为……骄傲 75. up to you 由你决定
52. learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 76. thank-you letter 感谢信
53. repeat in future 将来重复 77. take the time to help 花时间帮助
54. work together as a team 作为团队 78. do badly in class 课堂表现差
一起工作 79. grow more confident 变得更自信
55. one for all, and all for one 我为人人, 80. pass away 去世
人人为我 81. listen to me and talk with me 听我
56. pull together 齐心协力 说话并和我交谈
57. have a sad expression 有悲伤的表 82. remain in my mind 留在我的脑海
情 里
58. let the team down 让团队失望 83. not only...but also... 不仅……而
59. the referee’s decision 裁判的决定 且……
60. be careful 小心 84. share and solve problems 分享并解
61. lose the game 输掉比赛 决问题
62. win all the time 一直赢 mon teenage problems 青少年
63. Positive emotions 积极情绪 常见问题
64. Negative emotions 消极情绪 86. too much stress 太多压力
65. a sense of belonging 归属感 87. poor relationships 糟糕的人际关系
66. fight the feeling of loneliness 对抗 88. worries about the future 对未来的
孤独感 担忧
67. be shocked to hear 听到……很震 89. school bullying 校园欺凌
惊 90. find it hard to make friends 发现很
68. under stress 在压力下 难交朋友
69. be worried about 担心 91. join a sports club 加入运动俱乐部
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92. focus on the sport 专注于运动
93. work together with a team 和团队
一起工作
94. a problem shared is a problem
halved 分享一个问题,问题就解决了
一半
状语从句全总结
一、时间状语从句(核心:回答“主句动作何时发生”)
1. 核心定义
限定主句动作的“时间背景”,比如“当……时”“直到……”“一……就……”,是初
中状语从句考频最高的类型。
2. 常考引导词(3类核心,附用法+例句)
(1)“当……时”:when/while/as(关键辨“动词类型”)
when:可接“延续性动词”(如 study、sleep)或“非延续性动词”(如 come、
arrive),主从句动作可先后/同时发生;
例:When I got home(非延续), my mom was cooking(延续,同时).(我到家
时,妈妈在做饭)。
while:只接“延续性动词”,表“主从句动作同时进行”,还可表“对比”;
例:While I do homework(延续), my sister listens to music(延续,同时).(我
写作业时,妹妹听音乐)。
as:表“一边……一边……”,强调动作同步,语气最弱;
例:As we walk, we talk about school.(我们一边走,一边聊学校)。
(2)“直到……”:until/till(关键辨“主句肯否定”)
主句肯定:表“动作持续到……为止”(一直做,到点停);
例:I wait for you until you come back.(我等你到你回来)。
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主句否定(not...until...):表“直到……才做”(之前不做,到点才做),中考高
频;
例:I didn’t go to bed until I finished homework.(我做完作业才睡觉)。
(3)“一……就……”:as soon as(必记“主将从现”)
主从句动作间隔短,主句用“一般将来时(will+动原)”,从句用“一般现在时
(动原/三单)”;
例:As soon as the bell rings(从句,现单三), class will start(主句,将来时).
(铃一响,课就开始)。
3. 易错点
while不能接非延续性动词(如 arrive、start),错:While he arrived, I read.
(正:When he arrived, I read.);
as soon as不遵循“主将从现”,错:He will call you as soon as he will arrive(. 正:
He will call you as soon as he arrives.)。
二、让步状语从句(核心:回答“主句动作不顾什么阻碍发生”)
1. 核心定义
先承认一个“阻碍事实”,再强调“主句动作仍发生”,即“尽管……”“即使……”。
2. 常考引导词(2类核心,附用法+例句)
(1)though/although:表“虽然、尽管”,用法一致,可互换,从句可放句首/
句中;
例:Though he is weak in math, he studies hard.(尽管他数学弱,仍努力学)。
(2)even if/even though:表“即使、纵然”,让步语气比 though更强,常假
设极端情况;
例:Even if it snows, we will go to school.(即使下雪,我们也上学)。
3. 易错点
though/although与 but连用(冗余),错:Although he is tired, but he works on.
(正:Although he is tired, he works on.);
although不能放句末(though可以),错:He is tired, although(. 正:He is tired,
though.)。
三、目的状语从句(核心:回答“主句动作为什么发生”)
1. 核心定义
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说明“主句动作的目的”,即“为了……”“以便于……”,初中考频低但易混淆,抓
“情态动词”标志。
2. 常考引导词(2类,附用法+例句)
(1)so that:表“为了”,从句常接 can/could/may等情态动词(表“期望实现
的目的”);
例:She studies hard so that she can get good grades.(她努力学是为了考高分)。
(2)in order that:语气比 so that强,用法完全一致,从句也接情态动词,
可互换;
例:He gets up early in order that he can catch the bus.(他早起是为了赶公交)。
3. 易错点
与“结果状语从句(so)”混淆:so that表“目的(有态动词,译‘为了’)”,so
表“结果(无态动词,译‘所以’)”;
例:He reads to know more(目的,so that he can know more);He reads, so he knows
more(结果)。
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UNIT 4Wonder’s of Nature
知识点 1:wonder的用法
做动词
① 接“that/what/who/where等引导的宾语从句”,表“想知道具体内容”
例子:I wonder what the Great Wall looks like.(我想知道长城是什么样子的。)
② 接“if/whether引导的宾语从句”,表“想知道‘是否’”
例子:He wonders if we will go to the zoo tomorrow.(他想知道我们明天是否去动物园。)
做名词(可数,侧重“自然/人造奇观”)
固定搭配:natural wonders自然奇观;
the Seven Wonders of the World世界七大奇迹;
a wonder一个奇迹
例子:The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the US.(科罗拉多大峡谷是美国的自然奇
观之一。)
We learned about the Seven Wonders of the World in history class.(我们在历史课上学习了世界七大
奇迹。)
知识点 2:“nature”的用法
不可数名词
① 含义 1:自然;自然界(高频)
例子:We should enjoy the beauty of nature when we go camping.(我们露营时应该欣赏自然之美。)
② 含义 2:天性;本性(次高频)
例子:She has a kind nature and always helps others.(她天性善良,总是帮助别人。)
③ 固定搭配:in nature在自然界中;本质上
例子:Many animals in nature can camouflage themselves.(自然界中的许多动物能伪装自己。)
What he said is not reasonable in nature.(他说的话本质上不合理。)
知识点 3:amazing相关词汇用法
amazing adj.令人惊奇的;amaze v.使惊奇;amazed adj.感到惊奇的;amazement n.惊奇
① It's amazing to do sth. 做某事令人惊奇
例子:It's amazing to see so many stars in the countryside at night.(晚上在乡下看到这么多星星令人
惊奇。)
② be amazed at sth.对某事感到惊奇
例子:We were amazed at the speed of the new train.(我们对新火车的速度感到惊奇。)
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③ be amazed to do sth.惊奇地做某事
例子:She was amazed to find a little kitten under the tree.(她惊奇地发现树下有一只小猫。)
④ to one's amazement令某人惊奇的是
例子:To our amazement, the shy girl sang very well in the talent show.(令我们惊奇的是,这个害羞
的女孩在才艺表演中唱得很好。)
知识点 4:famous的短语搭配
① be famous for因……而著名
例子:Paris is famous for its beautiful landmarks like the Eiffel Tower.(巴黎因埃菲尔铁塔等美丽地
标而著名。)
② be famous as作为……而著名
例子:MoYan is famous as a great writer in China.(莫言作为中国的一位伟大作家而著名。)
知识点 5:connect的词汇与短语
connect v.连接;connection n.连接
① connect…with…把……与……连接/联系起来
例子:We can connect the computer with the printer by a cable.(我们可以用电缆把电脑和打印机连
接起来。)
② be connected to/with与……相连/有关联
例子:This road is connected with the main highway.(这条路与主干道相连。)
③ have a connection with…与……有联系
例子:Does this event have a connection with what happened yesterday (这件事和昨天发生的事有联
系吗?)
④ in connection with…关于;与……相关
例子:The police are investigating in connection with the stolen money.(警方正在调查与被盗钱款相
关的事。)
知识点 6:dead、die、death的用法
dead adj.死的、不工作的;die v.死亡;death n.死亡
① the death of sb.某人的死亡
例子:We were sad to hear about the death of the old tree in the park.(听到公园里那棵老树死亡的消
息我们很难过。)
② be dead表“处于死亡/失灵/无活力的状态”(延续性短语)
例子:The phone has been dead for two hours.(这部手机已经失灵两个小时了。)
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③ die of + 疾病/年老/情感(表“内因”导致的死亡)
例子:The old man died of a serious illness last month.(这位老人上个月因重病去世了。)
④ die from + 意外/事故/外部伤害(表“外因”导致的死亡)
例子:He died from a car accident last year.(他去年因车祸去世了。)
知识点 7:desert的词汇与短语
desert n.沙漠 v.抛弃
短语:the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠;
desert area沙漠地区;
natural desert天然沙漠;
desert landscape沙漠景观;
desert sb./sth.抛弃某人/某物
例子:The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world.(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠。)
No one should desert their friends when they are in need.(没人应该在朋友需要时抛弃他们。)
知识点 8:mountain的词汇与短语
mountain n.山脉;mountainous adj.多山的
短语:mountains of…大量;
in the mountains(泛指)在山区;
on the mountain在某座山上
例子:We have mountains of homework to do during the holiday.(假期我们有大量作业要做。)
We plan to go camping in the mountains this weekend.(我们计划这个周末去山区露营。)
知识点 9:description的词汇与短语
description/d skr p n/ n.描述;describe v.描述;描写
① describe... to sb.向某人描述……
例子:Please describe your new school to me.(请向我描述你的新学校。)
② describe... as...把……描述为……
例子:People describe the rainbow as a bridge in the sky.(人们把彩虹描述成天空中的桥。)
③ give a description of...对……进行描述
例子:Can you give a description of the lost dog (你能描述一下那只走失的狗吗?)
知识点 10:square的词汇与短语
square n.广场、正方形;adj.正方形的、公正的
短语:in square成正方形;
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on the square正直地;公正地;
square with与……一致
例子:Please put the books in square on the shelf.(请把书在书架上摆成正方形。)
You should always act on the square.(你应该始终正直地行事。)
His opinion doesn't square with mine.(他的意见和我的不一致。)
知识点 11:deep的词汇与短语
deep adj.深的,低沉的,深沉的;depth n.深度;deeply adv.深地
① 比较级:deep- deeper- deepest
② 短语:deep sea深海;
take a deep breath深呼吸
例子:Many strange creatures live in the deep sea.(许多奇怪的生物生活在深海里。)
Take a deep breath and you will feel more relaxed.(深呼吸,你会感觉更放松。)
知识点 12:the surface of...的用法
① 表示“……的表面”,后接名词(可数/不可数均可)
例子:The surface of the apple is red and smooth.(苹果的表面又红又光滑。)
② on the surface意为“表面上;从表面看”,常用于描述“外观与实际有差异”的语境
例子:On the surface, the math problem looks easy, but it's actually difficult.(表面上这道数学题看起
来容易,其实很难。)
知识点 13:dive的词汇与短语
dive v.潜水;跳水;俯冲
① dive into: 潜入;投入
例子:Let's dive into the pool and have fun.(我们潜入泳池玩得开心点吧。)
She dived into her new hobby after school.(放学后她投入到新爱好中。)
② dive from: 从……跳水
例子:Don't dive from the tall building. It's very dangerous.(别从高楼上跳水,很危险。)
③ dive to: 潜到……
例子:The diver can dive to 20 metres deep.(这个潜水员能潜到 20米深。)
知识点 14:vessel的词汇与短语
vessel n.船、容器
短语:shipping vessel货运船;
naval vessel海军舰艇;
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use a vessel to...用容器来……
例子:A large shipping vessel is sailing on the sea.(一艘大型货运船在海上航行。)
We can use a vessel to hold the water.(我们可以用容器装水。)
知识点 15:research的词汇与短语
research v/n.研究;调查
① do/carry out research: 进行研究
② research into/on: 对……的研究
例子:Scientists are doing research on new medicines.(科学家们正在研究新药物。)
We should research into the history of our city.(我们应该研究我们城市的历史。)
知识点 16:prot

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