2026届高考英语二轮复习第2部分 专题4 语法填空课件(7份打包)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习第2部分 专题4 语法填空课件(7份打包)

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(共39张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
微专题3 提示词为名词
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025八省联考)The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six _________(tongue).
【解析】tongue意为“语言”,为可数名词,由six修饰,应用复数形式。故填tongues。
2 (2024全国甲卷)They are ___________(treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
【解析】treasure意为“宝藏”时,为可数名词,上文的are提示此处应用其复数形式,故填treasures。
tongues
treasures
3 (2024九省联考)Now, most people reach for ___________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens.
【解析】做谓语动词reach for的宾语,应使用名词。keyboard为可数名词,结合名词pens可知,此处用其复数形式keyboards。
4 (2024北京卷)To practise this, we need to establish clear ___________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【解析】句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,应用复数形式boundaries。
keyboards
boundaries
5 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ____________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【解析】interview是可数名词,此处表示泛指,并且空前没有冠词,应使用其复数形式interviews。
6 (2023北京卷)Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ________ (city) from coastal winds.
【解析】本句中含有and连接的并列结构,根据其前help soften waves可推知,此处应用可数名词city的复数形式cities。
interviews
cities
7 (2022新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my _______(son) life,” said Mrs Brown.
【解析】life与son之间为所属关系,表示“儿子的命”,故填son's。
son's
二、 语篇填空
(2025浙江1月卷)The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of 8    new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 9   (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 10    the fact that they have something unique to wear 11    are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
a
times
on/upon
and
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women 12   (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 13   (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 14   (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
to rent
solution
is
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 15    she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 16   (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean 17   (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章介绍了服装租赁服务在澳大利亚兴起的现象。
which
people's
returning
8 【解析】考查冠词。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”,泛指,且new的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。
9 【解析】考查名词复数。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数times。
10 【解析】 考查介词。focus on/upon是固定短语,意为“关注,聚焦于”。
11 【解析】考查连词。have something unique to wear和are not overstuffing their own wardrobes …是并列关系,have和are是谓语动词,应用连词and连接。
12 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处做后置定语,修饰名词短语fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent做后置定语,主动表被动。
13 【解析】考查名词。空处做宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式solution。
14 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时;主语The concept是单数名词,be动词用is。
15 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物,关系词在从句中做宾语,应用关系代词which引导。
16 【解析】考查名词所有格。空处修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people's,做定语。
17 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配mean doing sth,意为“意味着做某事”,用动名词returning,做宾语。
1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
在语法填空中,名词部分主要考查名词的数、所有格、词性转换和固定搭配。
具体需关注下图涉及的几点:
解题思路
判断是否改变词性 词性 不变 考虑名词的数(如真题导向中题1、2、3、4、5、6)
名词的所有格(如真题导向中题7)
名词的固定搭配
词性 改变 转换成动词、形容词等(相应知识点及练习见“微技能 英语构词法:合成、派生和转化”)
判断填 名词 1. 若空处前有冠词或形容词性物主代词,则应考虑填名词; 2. 若空处在谓语动词前做主语,则应考虑填名词; 3. 若空处在及物动词/介词后做宾语,也需要考虑填名词。 考向1 判断名词的数
一、 充分利用“标志词”或通过上下文语境确定名词的数
1. 名词用复数的情况:
(1) 可数名词前有大于2的基数词或different、various、many、these/those、few、a few、several、all、both、other、a (great/large) number of、a couple of、a dozen of、dozens of、a handful of、scores of、one of等修饰语;
(2) 由两个相同部分组成的名词,如pants、jeans、headphones、trousers、glasses、shoes、sunglasses、scissors、compasses(圆规)、scales(天平);
(3) 以-ing结尾的名词,如doings、belongings、earnings;
(4) 其他常用复数的名词,如arms(武器)、ashes(灰烬)、thanks、contents(目录,所含物)。
2. 不可数名词没有数的变化,如advice、information、knowledge、fun、progress、wealth、furniture、homework、equipment、luggage。
3. 抽象名词具体化时,可在名词前加a/an,如surprise(惊讶)→a surprise(一件令人惊讶的事)。此类常见词有pity、beauty、increase、pleasure、pride、reality、honour、failure、comfort、danger、help、attraction、success等;常见短语有live a/an … life、have a/an … understanding/knowledge等。
二、 掌握名词变复数的规则
1. 规则变化
(1) 一般直接在词尾加s;
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,加es,如match→matches(特例:stomach→stomachs);
(3) 以“辅音+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加es;以“元音+y”结尾的词,直接加s,如country→countries、key→keys;
(4) 以o结尾的词,加es或s,如hero→heroes、tomato→tomatoes、piano→pianos、photo→photos;以oo结尾的词,一般加s,如zoo→zoos;
(5) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v再加es,如wolf、wife、knife、life、leaf、calf;或者直接加s,如belief、proof(特例:handkerchief→ handkerchiefs/handkerchieves)。
2. 不规则变化
(1) 变-a-为-e-,如man→men、woman→women;
(2) 变-oo-为-ee-,如foot→feet、goose→geese、tooth→teeth;
(3) 变-ouse为-ice,如mouse→mice;
(4) 词尾加(r)en,如ox→oxen、child→children。
3. 特殊变化
(1) 单复数同形,如sheep、deer、means(方法)、works(工厂)、aircraft、series、Chinese、Japanese;
(2) 复合名词的复数形式通常加在中心词后,如passer-by→passers-by、looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on、girl student→girl students、son-in-law →sons-in-law;以man/woman开头的复合词表“性别+职业”,前后两个名词都要变复数,如woman doctor→women doctors。无中心词的复合名词,一般直接在词尾加s,如grown-up→grown-ups、go-between(中间人)→go-betweens。
考向2 判断名词所有格(表示名词之间的所属关系)
1. 's所有格和of所有格常可换用。
2. 以s结尾的名词直接加',如strangers' words;表示共同拥有时,最后一个名词后加's,如Kelly and Joe's aunt;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后加's。
3. 表示集体、机构、时间、距离、价格、重量、城市等的名词后,一般用's形式,如the men's dressing room、yesterday's paper、five minutes' walk、New York's parks。
4. 当名词后有较长的修饰语时,一般用of所有格,如the house of the oldest woman in the village。
5. 在一些搭配中,只能用of所有格,如the roof of the house、the back of the building。
6. 双重所有格:of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词,如a friend of my brother's/mine。
考向3 判断名词的转换 (具体内容见“微技能 英语构词法:合成、派生和转化”)
易错点 对策
1. 名词变复数的不规则变化不熟练 根据以上讲解,识记常见的做不规则变化的词
2. 单复数同形的词 有针对性地加强记忆
3. 不可数名词与可数名词的混淆 结合语境,加以区分
4. 固定搭配和习惯用法的忽视 积累并熟记固定搭配和习惯用法
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025江苏苏北八市三模)The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme _________(height), with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature.
【解析】空处应用名词做宾语,前面无限定词,此处应用名词的复数形式heights,表示泛指。
heights
2 (2025广东深圳高级中学高中园5月适应性考试)Chinese emperors loved these “foreign ____________(curiosity)” and asked for them as gifts.
【解析】curiosity在句中意为“珍品”,为可数名词,由these可知,应用名词复数形式,故填curiosities。
3 (2025河南郑州二模)Since late 2023, China has been promoting inbound tourism and has introduced a series of visa-free(免签证的) ________ (policy) to many countries.
【解析】policy是可数名词,由a series of修饰,应用复数形式。故填policies。
curiosities
policies
4 (2025山东实验中学二模)It includes ____________(recording) of street vendors'(商贩的) calls from New York and Beijing, integrating urban life into the music.
【解析】空处应用名词recording,做includes的宾语,且recording是可数名词,结合空后of street vendors' calls from New York and Beijing可知,此处应用复数形式recordings。
recordings
5 (2025浙江台州二模)For example, some popular car platforms like Drivy showcase the __________ (market) potential for collaborative and waste-reducing innovations.
【解析】空处表示“市场的潜力”,用名词所有格形式,market的所有格是market's。
market's
二、 语篇填空
(2025福建宁德质检)Zhangye, a historic Silk Road hub(枢纽) in Gansu Province, has initiated the “Two Lines Mapping” project to safeguard its cultural heritage. Zhangye is 6   (strategic) located at the Hexi Corridor's crossroads, 7    the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Mongolian Plateau meet. The city—once celebrated as “Golden Zhangye”— 8   (preserve) 1,270 immovable relics, including 20 national-level sites. Its Great Wall sections extend 813.7 km across two dynasties, including the 9   (province) second-longest Han-era section and longest Ming-era stretch.
strategically
where
preserves
province's
The project establishes two protection zones: a core boundary protecting relics and their immediate environment, and 10    outer control zone restricting damaging construction. By employing digital mapping and geographical 11   (technology), Zhangye integrates precise heritage locations 12    urban planning systems, which ensures the original state of relics while managing modern development.
an
technologies
into
Wang Xu, a cultural protection official, explains this method combines technology with tradition 13   (solve) modern challenges. By setting clear rules for land use around cultural sites, Zhangye demonstrates 14   . Chinese cities can grow economically while preserving their historical roots. The project not only protects physical relics but also maintains the stories and cultural spirit linked to these ancient walls, 15   (ensure) future generations understand their value.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章介绍了甘肃省历史文化名城张掖为保护文化遗产启动“两线落图”测绘项目。
to solve
how
ensuring
6 【解析】考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词is located,用副词strategically做状语,意为“战略性地,战略上”。
7 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词crossroads,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句。
8 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实用一般现在时态,主语The city是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式preserves。
9 【解析】考查名词所有格。空处修饰名词短语second-longest Han-era section and longest Ming-era stretch,表示“该省的”,用名词所有格province's做定语。
10 【解析】 考查冠词。此处意为“一个外部控制区”,表泛指,且outer的发音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an修饰。
11 【解析】考查名词复数。technology(技术)做宾语,在句中表示数码绘图技术和地理技术,为具体概念,应用其复数形式。故填technologies。
12 【解析】考查介词。integrate … into …是固定短语,意为“把……融入……”。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,“这种结合科技和传统的方法”是为了“解决现代挑战”,用不定式to solve,做目的状语。
14 【解析】考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,结合句意,表示“如何”,应用连接副词how。
15 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处做结果状语,空处是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语The project之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填ensuring。
1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共61张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
微专题5 无提示词之三大从句和连词
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
A
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
【解析】本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Go,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中做主语,所以用关系代词which引导。
which
2 (2025北京卷)The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed—there's never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【解析】is后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,what在从句中做主语,意为“……的事情”。
3 (2025八省联考)Language is the carrier of communication, the bridge of interaction between nations, _____ the bond of understanding among civilizations.
【解析】the carrier of communication、the bridge of interaction between nations和the bond of understanding among civilizations为并列关系,应用连词and连接。
what
and
4 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)This is _____ they need an English trainer.
【解析】空处引导表语从句,并在从句中做状语,表示“为什么”,故填why。
5 (2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【解析】本空引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
why
where
二、 语篇填空
(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra 6   (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 7    you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 8    will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 9    they'll promote. But that leaves the solo(单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
to benefit
or
that/which
what
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 10   (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 11   (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 12   (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 13   (design) with two halves containing separate portions(份). Then, when you use one section, 14  .  other stays fresh.
criticism
be offered
have started
designed
the
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 15   (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章讨论了超市中常见的家庭装和多买优惠促销手段不再受消费者青睐,相反散装或小份装商品变得越来越受欢迎。
ones
6 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分,表示目的,用不定式结构做buying extra的目的状语。故填to benefit。
7 【解析】考查连词。固定短语either … or …意为“要么……要么……”。
8 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the way,并在从句做主语,先行词指物,故填that或which。
9 【解析】考查表语从句。 空处引导表语从句,在从句中做宾语,且指物,故填what。
10 【解析】 考查名词。空后是that引导的同位语从句,结合空前的定冠词the可知,空处应使用名词。动词criticize的名词形式为criticism,意为“批评”。
11 【解析】考查动词的语态。空处在条件状语从句中做谓语。分析可知,此处表示被动;结合空前的情态动词could可知,此处是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be offered。
12 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处在句中做谓语。根据时间状语Over the last two years可知,动词应用现在完成时;主语some supermarkets是复数概念。故填have started。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分。动词design与名词packs在逻辑上是被动关系;且动作已完成,应使用过去分词designed,做后置定语。
14 【解析】考查冠词。根据上文two halves以及one可知,这里考查one … the other …的固定搭配,此处指“另一部分”,表示两者中的另一个用the other。
15 【解析】考查代词。空处指代上文提到的supermarket,在some of后应用其复数形式,故填ones。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
【解析】空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中做主语,指物,引导词用what。
B
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2024全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
【解析】空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Chicago,并在从句中做地点状语,故填where。
2 (2023北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _______ thousands were attending a water conference.
3 (2023全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【解析】空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,且有“正如”之意,故填as。
where
as
【解析】空处前后是语义上的并列关系,应用并列连词and连接to watch …和to see …。
4 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _____ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
5 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【解析】空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词species,指物,在从句中做主语,且先行词前有all修饰,故只能填that。
and
that
二、 语篇填空
(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 6    are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—7   (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 8   (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 9   (change) their personal behavior to do
their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly
who/that
is viewed/has been viewed
are
changing
Climate Sci, for example, 10   (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—11   (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 12    she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 13    time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 14   (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 15   (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding,” she says—“a really positive change.”
roughly
have promised
whether/if
the
invitation
to continue
6 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词academics,并在从句中做主语,先行词指人。故填who或that。
7 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示被动,动词需用被动语态。此处可以表示陈述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态;或者表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,用现在完成时的被动语态。主语表示单数概念。故填is viewed或has been viewed。
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与自然)。文章介绍了一项学者团体发起的实践行动,旨在通过尽量少乘坐飞机来应对气候变化危机。
8 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空后的时间状语now和现在分词questioning可知,此处应用现在进行时;主语Cobb and others为复数概念。故填are。
9 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是and连接的并列结构,根据pushing可知,动词change应用其现在分词形式changing,做状语。
10 【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰数字,用副词roughly,表示“大约”。
11 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处在句中做谓语,根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语academics是复数概念。故填have promised。
12 【解析】考查宾语从句。该句中who引导定语从句修饰先行词organizers。空处引导宾语从句做动词ask的宾语,表示“是否”。故填whether或if。
13 【解析】考查冠词。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,名词time前需加定冠词the。
14 【解析】考查名词。空处做动词declined的宾语,应用名词invitation。
15 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定用法plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,动词plan后跟动词不定式。故填to continue。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
连词包含并列连词和从属连词。并列连词连接具有并列关系的单词、短语或句子;从属连词引导一个从句,修饰、说明主句。
语法填空中此类题型最典型的特征是无提示词(纯空格题)。
解题思路
1. 连接两个对等的单词、短语时,应填并列连词and、or、but等(如真题导向A练中题3和真题导向B练中题4)。
2. 若两个句子(含独立的主谓结构)之间无标点或连词,则空格处必须填连接词。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者句式结构,确定是并列句(由两个及以上独立分句构成,分句间关系平等,常用and、but、so、or等连接)还是某种主从复合句(由主句+从句构成,从句需从属连词引导,如when、because,不能独立成句)。
3. 根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填某个具体的连词(如真题导向A练中题1、2、4、5和真题导向B练中题1、2、3、5)。
考向1 判断并列连词
并列关系具体包括以下几种:
表并列、顺承、递进 and连接多个成分时,前面几个通常用逗号隔开,最后两个之间用and
both … and …连接的两个成分若做主语,谓语动词用复数形式
not only … but (also) …连接的成分若做主语,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”;若not only置于句首,句子须部分倒装
neither … nor …是对两者的否定,连接的两个成分若做主语,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”
表选择 or表示选择;译为“否则”时,用于“祈使句+or+简单句”(例:Hurry up or we'll be late.)
either … or …连接的成分若做主语,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”
not … but …结构中not后接被否定的内容,but后接被认可的事实
表转折 but连接两个句法作用相同的单词、短语或句子
while意为“然而,而”,连接内容和结构对称的两个部分,表示对比
yet意为“然而,但是”,常连接句子,表示惊讶或者转折
表因果 so后接表示结果的句子
for意为“因为,由于”,引导的分句放在主句后,用逗号隔开,表示解释或推断(例:We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.) because是从属连词

考向2 判断从属连词
设空处所引导的从句若与空前部分存在修饰关系,即空前某一名词可以直接或者加个介词融入后面的句子,则判定为定语从句;若该从句在整个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或者同位语,则判定为名词性从句;若该从句做状语,则判定为状语从句。最后,需结合句意及设空处在从句中所充当的成分来确定具体的引导词。如果有特殊句式的标志词,则判定为特殊句式。
一、 定语从句的关系词
1. 识别定语从句的技巧
空处无提示词;空前主句结构完整,空后的从句不完整,而且对前面位置相近的名词或句子起修饰或限定作用。定语从句三要素:先行词、关系词、从句。
2. 三步确定关系词
(1) 区分限制性与非限制性定语从句——用逗号与主句隔开的是非限制性定语从句。注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,可指代主句的全部或部分内容(意为“这一点”);as引导非限制性定语从句时可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”,其后多跟系表结构。
(2) 寻找先行词,判断属性——先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;先行词指物:that/which/whose;先行词指时间、地点或原因: 。
(3) 分析所缺成分,确定关系词——缺少主语:that/which/who;缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;缺少介词的宾语且介词提前:which/whom;缺少定语:whose;缺少时间、地点或原因状语:when/ where/why。
3. 特别关注
(1) 只能用that不能用which的情况
①先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时;
②先行词前有定语the only/very/last等修饰时;
③先行词中既有人又有物时;
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
⑤有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that;
⑥定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时。
(2) 只能用which不能用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中;
②关系代词前带有介词;
③先行词是that、those时。
(3) as引导限制性定语从句
主要用于the same … as …、such/so/as … as …结构中。
(4) “介词+关系词”的用法(介词+whom/which/whose)
如何选择介词:看与先行词的搭配;看与从句谓语的搭配;看逻辑关系。
(5) 固定句型
①There was a time when …
②Days are gone when …
③The reason why … is that …
二、 名词性从句的关系词
1. 名词性从句的判断(依据从句的位置特点)
谓语/系动词前 主语从句 从句在句中做主语
及物动词/介词后 宾语从句 从句在句中做宾语
系动词后 表语从句 从句在句中做表语
抽象名词后 同位语从句 从句在句中做同位语
2. 名词性从句引导词的确定(分析从句缺少什么成分)
(1) 先判定填名词性从句的连接词——若设空处所填词引导的从句在整个句子中起名词作用,做主语、宾语、表语或同位语,就要考虑填名词性从句的连接词。
(2) 依据句子成分和句意确定连接词——①分析句子成分:若从句结构完整,用that、if、whether;若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语,则考虑连接代词what、who、which、whom、whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever;若从句缺少状语,用where/wherever、when/whenever、how/however、why。②结合句意和连接词的本义解题:有些连接词在句中有很明确的意思,如if“是否”、whoever“无论谁”、whatever“无论什么”、because“因为”、why“为什么”。结合句意和语境,确定合适的连接词
3. 特别关注
(1) it做形式主语常用句型(见微专题4 无提示词之冠词、介词和代词 考向3)
(2) that引导宾语从句时不能省略的几种情况
①动词后跟多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略;②that从句中又有其他从句时;③it做形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时;④宾语从句前有插入语时。
(3) whether/if
①译为“是否”时,放在动词doubt、ask、wonder等后面,两者可互换;
②只能用whether的情况:与or not连用时;在介词后;whether后接不定式时。
三、 状语从句的关系词
1. 状语从句的判断
如果从句仅对主句起补充说明作用(如时间、原因、地点、条件),去掉从句后主句也表意完整,就可以判定为状语从句。
2. 状语从句引导词的确定
(1) 先判定填状语从句的连接词——若设空处所填词引导的从句在整个句子中起副词作用,就要考虑填状语从句的连接词。
(2) 依据主从句的逻辑关系确定连接词,如时间、原因、条件、地点,确定具体的连接词。
3. 状语从句的分类
从句类型 引导词
时间状语从句 when、while、as、after、before、since、till/until、once、as soon as、the moment/instant、no sooner … than …、hardly … when …等
条件状语从句 if、unless、so/as long as、in case、supposing(假设)、providing(如果)等
让步状语从句 though/although、as、even if/though、however、whatever、whoever、whichever、whenever、no matter+疑问词等
从句类型 引导词
原因状语从句 as、because、since、now that、seeing that、in that等
结果状语从句 so that、so … that …、such … that …等
目的状语从句 so that、in order that、in case、lest、for fear that等
方式状语从句 as、as if/though等
地点状语从句 where、wherever等
比较状语从句 as … as …、not so/as … as …、than等
(1) 时间状语从句
①when、while、as引导时间状语从句的区别
a. when引导的从句谓语动词既可用延续性动词也可用非延续性动词;既可指时间段,也可指时间点;从句和主句的动作既可以同时发生也可以先后发生;
b. while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词或者表示状态的词;从句和主句的动作同时发生;
c. as侧重表示两个动作同时发生,或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。
②until、till的用法
在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中意为“直到……才”,主句要用终止性动词,此时until、till可与before互换。
③固定句型
a. no sooner … than …、hardly/scarcely … when …引导时间状语从句时,主句要部分倒装;
b. It is/was+时刻+when从句;
c. It is/has been+时间段+since从句;
d. It was/will/would be+时间段+before 从句。
(2) 条件状语从句
①unless意为“除非,如果不”时,可用if … not …改写;
②条件状语从句和部分时间状语从句一样遵守“主将从现”原则。
(3) 让步状语从句
①although、though不能与but连用,但是可以与yet、still、nevertheless连用;
②引导让步状语从句时,“疑问词+ever”相当于“no matter+疑问词”;
③while意为“尽管”时,引导让步状语从句一般位于句首,语气比although、though弱。
(4) because、since、as引导原因状语从句的区别
①because表直接原因,语气最强,最常用,可用于强调句“It is/was because … that …”,但because和so不可同时出现在一个句子里;
②since语气比because弱,表示已知的、显然的理由,译为“既然”(=now that);
③as语气比since弱,表示“双方已知的原因”,含有对比说明的意味。
(5) 结果状语从句常用句型
①so+adj./adv.+that从句;
②so+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数+that从句;
③so+many/much/little/few+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句;
④such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句;
⑤such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句。
注意:当上面句型中so或such位于句首时,要用倒装。例:So kind is she/Such a kind girl is she that we like her very much.
(6) 状语从句的省略
在时间、条件和让步等状语从句中,如果从句与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语含有be动词,则将从句中的“主语+be”一起省略。例:Unless (I am) invited, I will not go to his party.
易错点 对策
1. 从句类型辨别错误 练习长难句分析,根据从句的语法功能辨别
2. 从句引导词混淆误用 学习以上“技法点拨”,熟悉句型特点,区分使用场景
3. 固定句式不熟 结合不同语境,对点反复练习,强化记忆
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2026江苏徐州部分示范性高中摸底)At first, we only had a dozen or so pieces of hanfu, _______ would be kept at home and taken out when they were needed.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是hanfu,指物,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导。
which
2 (2025浙江强基联盟三模)After graduation, Ji returned to his hometown _____ founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative.
【解析】returned to his hometown和founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative是并列的关系,所以用and连接。
3 (2025湖北武汉4月调研)With a gentle mountain wind, the smell of freshly cooked coffee and newly baked bread, it is not hard to figure out _____ so many digital nomads have chosen to live and work here.
【解析】空处为宾语从句的引导词;根据句意可知,宾语从句中缺少原因状语,用why引导。
and
why
4 (2025江苏苏北八市三模)Chinese artists don't usually paint real places _____ imaginary, idealized landscapes.
【解析】根据句意可知,此处表示“不是……而是……”,应用not … but …,故填but。
5 (2025湖北名校联盟四联)For instance, in 2020, ______ the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love's earth home remained untouched while the surrounding land burned.
【解析】空处引导定语从句,表示“在2020年山猫大火发生时”,描述发生事件的时间,应用when。
but
when
二、 语篇填空
(2025福建龙岩二模)Since 2013, the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) has become a 6   (transform) force in global economic development. As a groundbreaking model, the BRI aims 7   (create) new economic pathways through substantial investments in participating countries.
At its core, the BRI focuses on promoting international trade through broader and more cost-effective exchanges. It supports the development of industries 8    create employment opportunities, while putting emphasis on infrastructure(基础设施) projects and social sectors. 9   .
transformative
to create
that/which
With
over 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations having signed cooperation agreements, the initiative's influence proves its global appeal. Its implementation(实施) follows a well-organized and flexible timeline, 10   (balance) active action with careful planning.
11    truly sets the BRI apart is its commitment to fair and win-win cooperation. Unlike some initiatives that have failed to fulfill their promises, China 12   (active) shares the benefits with all participants instead. Through infrastructure projects, the BRI has successfully promoted the development of involved nations, creating jobs 13    improving living standards.
balancing
What
actively
and
Over the past decade, China's openness in technology transfer and clean energy projects 14   (improve) life in participating countries. Advanced “future technologies”, if accessible at reasonable costs, can bring about significant changes to societies. Overall, the BRI stands as 15    powerful engine for global development, facilitating cooperation and prosperity(繁荣) across the world.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了“一带一路”倡议对全球经济发展的影响及带来的益处。
has improved/has been improving
a
6 【解析】考查形容词。根据空后名词force可知,空处需用形容词做定语,transform的形容词形式为transformative,意为“变革性的”。
7 【解析】考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”,为固定搭配,所以空处需用动词不定式做宾语。故填to create。
8 【解析】考查定语从句。空处需用关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词是industries,指物,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以空处需用关系代词that或which。
9 【解析】考查介词。空处需用with的复合结构做状语,表示伴随;句首单词首字母需大写。故填With。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词follows,且空前没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词做状语,动词balance与其逻辑主语Its implementation之间是主动关系,所以空处需用现在分词做状语。故填balancing。
11 【解析】考查主语从句。空处需用连接词引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句;句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。
12 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词shares,需用副词做状语,active的副词形式为actively,意为“积极地”。
13 【解析】考查连词。根据句意可知,空处前后的creating jobs和improving living standards之间是并列关系,所以空处需用并列连词and连接。
14 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Over the past decade可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态,结构为“has/have done”,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,主语openness是不可数名词,所以空处助动词需用has;也可以使用现在完成进行时态,结构为“has/have been doing”,表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,强调动作的延续性。故填has improved或has been improving。
15 【解析】考查冠词。根据空后powerful engine可知,空处需用不定冠词,泛指一个强大的引擎,powerful是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,所以空处需用不定冠词a。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共11张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
题型综述
命题解读
能力要求:语法填空题与完形填空题类似,命题呈现明显的语境化趋势,强调在语篇环境中考查学生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构及综合运用语法知识和词汇知识的能力。
语篇特点:通常为一篇200~250词的短文,说明文为主,记叙文为辅,题材广泛,涵盖科技、文化、自然、社会热点等。
命题者并非简单选择社会话题,而是有目的地挑选那些能展现中华优秀传统文化和当代中国风貌的素材,以中国元素为根,以世界视野为镜,凸显中外文明互鉴,呈现跨领域、文化融合的特点,如2025年全国Ⅰ卷以“围棋主题艺术展”融合传统文化与人工智能,全国Ⅱ卷以“外
1
国人体验中国绿色生活”的跨文化视角展现中国人善用自然之力的生活智慧。高考语法填空不再是单纯的语法测试,而是一次次“价值引领”和“文化浸润”,要求考生不仅要有扎实的语言功底,还要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化视角。
语篇句式结构偏复杂,长难句频现,考生须具备较强的句子分析能力。
设题特点:语法填空设10个空白,部分空白会在括号中给出提示词,部分不给提示词,要求考生根据上下文填写括号内单词的正确形式或是填入适当的单词。
考查实词为主(6~7题,有提示词),考点多集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词的词形转换与用法上;考查虚词为辅(3~4题,无提示词),常考介词、冠词、连词等,需根据语法和上下文意思综合判断。
从句子和语篇两个层面设题,着重考查学生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法知识的能力,强调语境理解。
考向预测:主题语境以人与社会为主,选材注重人文性和社会性,展现中国元素与多领域的融合;主要考查学生阅读理解、句子分析、词形转换、逻辑推理及语法运用能力,注重词汇在语境中的活用和多义理解。
考情分析
2
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 语境 话题 考点 有提示词 无提示词 动词(谓语和非谓语) 形容词、副词 名 词 冠 词 介 词 代 词 三大从句和连词
2025 全国 一卷 说明文 人与 社会 围棋主题艺术展 3 2 1 1 1 0 2
全国 二卷 记叙文 人与 自我 美国女子嫁至浙江乡村的生活感受 3 1 2 0 1 1 2
2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路花园”的整体设计 2 2 3 1 1 0 1
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 语境 话题 考点 有提示词 无提示词 动词(谓语和非谓语) 形容词、副词 名 词 冠 词 介 词 代 词 三大从句和连词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 中国传统美食小笼包 4 2 0 1 1 1 1
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 自我 在动物园教英语 1 3 2 1 1 0 2
注意:单纯考查代词一般不给提示词,但在2025年全国二卷、2023年新课标Ⅰ卷中给了人称代词作为提示词,需分别填入变形后的反身代词和形容词性物主代词。
教考衔接
2025年全国一卷“围棋主题艺术展”的话题高度融合了“文化传承”与“艺术交流”,与教材多个单元形成呼应。例如,译林教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 和 Unit 4 中与艺术相关的话题,以及选择性必修第三册 Unit 4“保护世界遗产”单元中的重点词汇,均为该文本提供了语言与文化基础。全国二卷则以“跨文化适应”与“个人成长”为主题,这一话题与《普通高中英语课程标准》所强调的学科核心素养——语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力中涉及的跨文化相关能力高度契合。
3
难点难因
学生对单词学习的深度不够、对难句理解的能力不足、对语法考点的理解不够透彻、对固定搭配和句型的掌握不牢、对跨文化交际内容感到陌生。
4
解决对策
加强对单词的词形转换和熟词生义的拓展学习;强化对长难句的分析能力,以提升对文本的理解能力;归纳总结各个语法点的考查要点;多积累运用固定短语和句型。
5
备考建议
(1) 重视基础语法知识的学习,重点梳理高频考点,强化长难句分析能力,注重语境理解。
(2) 以问题为导向,查漏补缺,把握复习难度和方向。研读高考真题,掌握一套高效答题技巧。
(3) 注意规范答题,比如同一个词有不同拼法时,应首选与题目所给提示词一致的词形;重点关注非谓语动词、句式、搭配、变形、语境意识等考点。
6
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共58张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
微专题4 无提示词之冠词、介词和代词
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
A
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)Go is one of _____ earliest binary-based(基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
【解析】空后earliest是形容词最高级,最高级前用定冠词the限定。
the
2 (2025北京卷)After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ____ the planet's expense.
【解析】结合句意可知,at one's expense是固定搭配,意为“以……为代价”。
3 (2025八省联考)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform _____ the world to better understand China, but also promotes language and cultural exchanges in the world.
【解析】结合句意可知,表示“为某人/某物提供某物”,用固定短语provide sth for sb/sth。
at
for
4 (2024全国甲卷)This area, with _____(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _____ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【解析】第一空考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its;第二空表目的,意为“为了所有国家的人都能享受”,故填for。
5 (2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history ____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【解析】根据句意可知,空处译为“作为”,应用介词as。
its
for
as
6 (2022新高考Ⅱ卷)_____ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
【解析】空处与Brown family一起做主语,表示布朗一家,用“the+姓氏”;句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
The
二、 语篇填空
(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 7   (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 8   (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 9    to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
tasty
to bite
or
Shanghai may be the 10   (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 11    hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 12   (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 13   (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 14    touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 15   (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 16   (want) more next time.
rarely
wanting
recognized
by
to be lifted
their
a
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章介绍了作者最喜欢的中国传统美食——小笼包,提及其味道特点、发源地及制作方法。
7 【解析】考查形容词。空处修饰名词soup,应用形容词tasty做定语。
8 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定用法decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”,与后面的to put并列做宾语。故填to bite。
9 【解析】考查连词。固定用法whether … or …意为“是……还是……”。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处应用非谓语动词,做定语,修饰home,提示词recognize与其逻辑主语Shanghai为动宾关系,应用其过去分词形式recognized,意为“公认的”。
11 【解析】考查介词。固定搭配by hand意为“用手”。
12 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定用法allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”,空处填入动词不定式做宾语补足语,而动词lift与宾语them之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应使用动词不定式的被动语态形式。故填to be lifted。
13 【解析】考查代词。修饰名词,用形容词性物主代词their。
14 【解析】考查冠词。短语a touch of意为“一点儿,少许”。
15 【解析】考查副词。此处enough做表语,为形容词,修饰形容词应用副词rarely。
16 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定结构leave sb doing sth意为“让某人保持某动作或状态”,此处使用的是该结构的被动语态sb be left doing sth。故填wanting。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
B
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2024北京卷)One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ____ myself, “Why would he carry all his books?”
【解析】think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”,符合语境。故填to。
to
【解析】根据空后的old-fashioned fountain pens可知,空处应用介词,表示“使用”,故填with。
2 (2024九省联考)He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also ______ old-fashioned fountain pens.
3 (2024九省联考)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of ____________.
【解析】feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”,空处应用代词做宾语,主语和宾语为同一人,表示“他们自己”,用反身代词themselves。
with
themselves
【解析】空处做动词show的宾语,应用宾格us。
4 (2023全国甲卷)In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed ____(we) insects on stamps.
5 (2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _____ saving their environment.
【解析】固定短语take responsibility for意为“对……负责”。
us
for
【解析】根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。
6 (2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
the
二、 语篇填空
(2022 T8联考)I've had my fair share of travelling around China, and a recent week-long trip to Guizhou was my first time to the province. I tried looking up the meaning and significance of the name Guizhou before the trip, 7   (basic) to have a reasonable idea of what was in store for me. But that was 8    hard task so I enquired from a Chinese colleague on the trip. From what she said, initially the province 9   (name) after a famous mountain called “Gui”, sort of noble in literal translation, and “zhou” simply means “province” in Chinese. 10   (keep) that in mind I set out on a journey of discovery and 11    I found was mind-blowing, a
basically
a
was named
Keeping
what
photographer's paradise. Generally 12   (describe) as a mountainous province in southwestern China, with Guiyang as 13   (it) capital, the province is truly one of nature's best kept pared to other leading 14   (province) in China, with regard 15    development, Guizhou has some catching-up to do. However, the province remains unique not only for its amazing landscape, 16    for the role it played in the political history of modern China and the role it is to play in the world.
【语篇导读】本文是记叙文(人与自然)。文章分享了作者首次前往贵州省旅行的经历,提及该省份名字的由来及其独特之处。
described
its
provinces
to
but
7 【解析】考查副词。空处应用副词做状语,basic的副词形式是basically。
8 【解析】考查冠词。task是可数名词,此处泛指一项任务,应用不定冠词;且hard是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
9 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示被动,结合句中的initially可知,讲述的是过去的事情,动词应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语the province是单数概念,be动词用was。短语be named after意为“以……命名”。故填was named。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分。动词keep与主语I是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词做状语;该空位于句首,首字母须大写。故填Keeping。
11 【解析】考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,在从句中做谓语动词found的宾语,表示事物,故填what。
12 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分。动词describe与名词the province在逻辑上是被动关系,应用过去分词described,做状语。
13 【解析】考查代词。修饰名词capital,应用形容词性物主代词its。
14 【解析】考查名词复数。province是可数名词,根据空前的other可知,此处应用其复数形式provinces。
15 【解析】考查介词。固定短语with regard to意为“关于,就……而论”。
16 【解析】考查连词。并列连词not only … but (also) …意为“不但……而且……”。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
高考语法填空对冠词的考查以基本用法和习惯搭配为主,常将冠词的各种用法(如与名词、形容词的搭配)综合考查。
介词和介词短语的考查呈现以下特点:一、高频考查固定搭配中的介词,要求考生熟记介词与动词、形容词等构成的常用固定短语;二、侧重考查表示时间、地点、方向、方式等的介词,需根据句子的具体语境和逻辑关系选择合适的介词;三、关注介词短语在句中做状语、定语、表语等成分的运用,考查考生对介词短语功能的理解和运用能力。
对代词的考查主要集中在:一、反身代词的使用;二、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用,表示所属关系,在句子中常做定语或表语;三、不定代词的考查,用于指代上文提到的事物或泛指某类事物,需注意其单复数形式及在句中的特定含义。
解题思路
判断填入词在句中的作用 名词前,表示限定或特指 冠词(如真题导向A练中题1、6和真题导向B练中题6)
表示位置、时间等或涉及固定搭配 介词(如真题导向A练中题2、3、4、5和真题导向B练中题1、2、5)
做主语、宾语、表语或表示指代 代词(如真题导向A练中题4和真题导向B练中题3、4)
考向1 判断冠词
一、 冠词的判定
1. 明确冠词的位置
空格后面是名词或“形容词+名词”,在句中做主语或宾语,且没有其他限定词时,一般需要用冠词。
2. 辨析特指和泛指
文中第一次提到某人或某物时,一般为泛指,用不定冠词a或an;第二次提到同一人或物时,是特指,用定冠词the;当名词前有定语修饰时,多数情况用定冠词表特指;序数词或最高级前要用定冠词。
3. 注意a与an的选用
看空格后单词的首字母的发音,而不是首字母。发音以辅音音素开头用a,以元音音素开头用an。
二、 冠词的用法
1. 定冠词the的用法:特指前面提过的;形容词或姓氏前表一类或一家人,如the sick、the Greens;世界上独一无二的事物,如the moon;专有名词或江、河、湖、海、山脉等名词前,如the UN;(西洋)乐器前,表演奏,如play the piano;序数词和形容词最高级前;固定搭配、短语。
2. 不定冠词a/an的用法:可数名词单数前表泛指;表“某一”“一个”;抽象名词具体化(见微专题3 提示词为名词 考向1);固定搭配、短语,如of an age。
三、 零冠词的用法
1. 学科、球类、棋类、语言、星期几、四季、三餐等名词前,如in spring、play chess、have lunch。
2. 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等修饰时,如this way、some books。
3. 固定搭配,如by taxi、hand in hand、day by day、from morning to night。
考向2 判断介词
一、 介词的判定
1. 先确定填介词
介词的典型功能是“引出宾语”,当句子不缺主语、表语,动词不缺宾语,且空格位于名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句等前面时,考虑填介词;若空前是名词,且空后为名词、动名词,空处可能需要填介词。
2. 再确定填哪个介词
分析上下文语境和句意,确定符合题意的介词;根据句中的固定搭配或固定句式判断具体的介词,如at a loss、in summary、by accident。
二、 常见介词
表示时间 at、on、in、for、since、by、before、after、until、during、between、within、over等
at表示“在某一时刻”;on表示“在具体某一天或具体某一天的早中晚”;in表示“在某世纪、季度、月、周”以及泛指的早中晚

表示地点、方位 at、in、on、to、across、through、along、under、over、above、below、in front of、behind、around、near、next to、inside、outside、by、beside、towards、against、among等
at指具体的或范围不明显的小地方,可接门牌号;in指大地方,或表示“在……范围之内”;on表示毗邻、接壤,可接路名;to表示“在……范围之外”,强调不接壤
across表示从某物的表面“横过,穿过”,涉及“面”的概念;through表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念;along表示“沿着”,通常指狭长的东西


表示原因 for、of、with、from、because of、due to、out of、through等
表示方式 by、with、in、through等
by多加doing表示做某事的方式,或加交通工具;with加工具或人体部位

三、 常见介词搭配
动词+介词 differ from 有别于;persist in坚持;stare at盯着看;apologize for道歉;contribute to有助于,促成
介词+名词 at present 现在;in advance提前;by chance偶然;under control处于控制之中;with pleasure乐意;beyond description难以描述
be+形容 词+介词 be harmful to对……有害;be satisfied with对……感到满意
其他 far away from远离;as well as也,和……一样;but for要不是;regardless of不管,不顾;up to直到;to and from往返,来来回回;from … through …从……到……
考向3 判断代词
一、 代词的判定与选择
空后没有提示词,且空处做主语、宾语或表语,一般要填代词。
若空处在句中做形式主语或形式宾语,考虑填it;若空处指代上文提到的单数名词做主语或宾语,需要填人称代词(注意与所指代名词的人称和数保持一致);若空处泛指某类人或物,做主语或宾语,需要填不定代词。
二、 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
需注意形容词性物主代词(my、our、your、his、her、its、their)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours、his、hers、its、theirs)、反身代词(myself、ourselves、yourself、yourselves、himself、herself、itself、themselves)的区分和使用。
三、 指示代词和不定代词
1. 指示代词:this、that、these、those
2. 不定代词:some及其复合词(something、somebody、someone)、any及其复合词、no及其复合词、every及其复合词、all、each、both、much、many、(a) little、(a) few、other(s)、another、none、one、either、neither
注意:①all用于三者及以上的肯定句中,none用于三者及以上的否定句中;
②both、all等与not连用时表部分否定;
③ nothing只能指物,不能接of短语,一般用来回答what的提问;none既可指人,也可指物,可接of短语,一般用来回答how many/much和which的提问;nobody/no one只能指人,其后不能接of短语,一般用来回答who的提问。

四、 代词it的用法
1. it可以指代上文提过的事物,指时间、距离、天气等,可泛指一般情况,也可指抽象的事物或情境。例:①How is it going?②I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.
2. it相关的句型
(1) it做形式主语
①It+be+形容词(描述事物特征)+(for sb) to do sth
②It+be+形容词(描述人的品格、性质)+of sb to do sth
例:It is kind of you to help me.(你帮我,真是太好了。)
③It+be+形容词/名词/过去分词+to do sth/that从句
例:It is a pity that he missed the game.(很遗憾他错过了比赛。)
④It+takes/took sb+时间/金钱+to do sth表示“(某人)花费时间/金钱做某事”
⑤It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/turns out等)+that从句
(2) it做形式宾语
①主语+动词+it+形容词/名词+(for sb) to do sth/that从句
例:I find it difficult to understand this text.(我发现理解这篇文章很难。)
②主语+动词+介词+it+that从句
常见短语:see to it that …(务必使……)、owe it to sb that …(将……归功于某人)
例:I'll see to it that everything is ready.(我会确保一切准备就绪。)
(3) 强调句型
①It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分
被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等。
例:It was in the park that I met my friend.(我是在公园里遇到了我的朋友。)
②It is/was not until+被强调的时间+that+句子剩余部分
例:It was not until he arrived that I knew he was late.(直到他到了,我才知道他迟了。)
3. 固定短语:make it成功做了某事;get it知道了
易错点 对策
1. 冠词、介词、代词误用 不可死记条规,务必结合语境,灵活应对
2. 固定搭配错用 多听多读,踏实积累
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025广东二模)In these workshops, skilled workers use silk-screen printing, ___ technique originating in China, to layer colors one by one.
【解析】此处泛指“一项起源于中国的技术”,且technique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。
2 (2025山东实验中学二模)A curious child and a seasoned musician both begin ____ the same silent stage.
【解析】固定搭配on the stage意为“在舞台上”。
a
on
3 (2025浙江Z20名校联盟三模)Master Mfaume, who heads the biggest kung fu temple in Tanzania, has become a social-media sensation, with short films of himself and his students showing off _______(they) lightning moves.
【解析】修饰名词moves,应用形容词性物主代词their。
4 (2025湖南长沙南雅中学三模)It is a path “reminiscent of China's rapid rise in electric vehicles”—and it could give _____country a fresh economic growth engine, said the report.
【解析】此处用the country特指“中国”。
their
the
5 (2025江苏南京、盐城二模)Some young people view publishing marriage announcements in newspapers as more formal than ______ in social media, and …
【解析】此处需要填入一个代词,指代上文已出现的publishing marriage announcements这件事,为避免重复,用that来进行指代。
that
二、 语篇填空
(2025浙江杭州二模)Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters 6    advancing the plot. The book's most famous dish, a 7   (prepare) of eggplant called qiexiang(茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 8   (day) to prepare, involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family's poor relatives, first with envy, and later with terrible discomfort in stomachs.
and
preparation
days
The novel provides ample inspiration to today's cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 9   (recreate) the book's most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style.
While most foods 10   (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China's culinary culture, humble ingredients 11   (prize) because they are in season. A relative 12    brags(吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say.
to recreate
served
are prized
who/that
Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 13   (it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it more than 14    an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 15    text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章通过分析《红楼梦》中饮食描写的作用,如刻画人物、推动情节、反映文化,说明其在文学和烹饪领域的持久影响力。
its
as
the
6 【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知,两个动名词短语revealing details about characters和advancing the plot为并列关系,表示“既揭示人物细节,又推动情节发展”,需用并列连词and连接。
7 【解析】考查名词。冠词a后需接名词。动词prepare的名词形式为preparation。
8 【解析】考查名词复数。结合句意可知,空处表达“需要数天时间准备”,应用day的复数形式days,泛指多日。
9 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处的attempt为名词,意为“企图;试图;尝试”,其后接动词不定式to do,做后置定语,表示“尝试做某事的企图”。故填to recreate。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处做名词foods的后置定语,动词serve与其之间为被动关系,需用过去分词形式。故填served。
11 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。所填动词为句子的谓语动词,结合语境,这里描述一般事实,用一般现在时,且主语humble ingredients与动词prize之间为被动关系,需用一般现在时的被动语态;主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are prized。
12 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰A relative,从句缺少主语且指人,需用关系代词who或that引导。
13 【解析】考查代词。空处应填形容词性物主代词,做定语,修饰名词many layers of meaning。故填its。
14 【解析】考查介词。分析语境可知,an engaging story是《红楼梦》的身份特征,用介词as表“作为”这个含义,表达“不仅仅是作为一个有趣的故事”。
15 【解析】考查冠词。分析语境可知,text特指上文提到的《红楼梦》的文本,需用定冠词 the表特指。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共92张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
微专题1 提示词为动词
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
A
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)“The players' personalities ______________(reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
【解析】本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players' personalities与动词reveal之间为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态;主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。
are revealed
2 (2025全国一卷)A decent winner always _______(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
【解析】根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语A decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try的第三人称单数形式tries。
tries
3 (2025北京卷)Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________(make) several decisions even without noticing.
【解析】根据时间状语By the time you brushed your teeth可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,故填had made。
had made
4 (2025北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ______(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【解析】根据last year可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,leave的过去式是left。
left
5 (2025 T8联考)Since then, 504 lost artifacts(手工艺品) ____________ __________ (return) successfully to China from the US.
【解析】根据时间状语Since then可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语504 lost artifacts是复数,且和动词return之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been returned。
have been
returned
6 (2025八省联考)Every language is worthy of respect and should ____________(treat) equally.
【解析】主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系,且位于情态动词should后,故填be treated。
returned
7 (2024全国甲卷)They ______(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【解析】根据定语从句中谓语动词had spent可知,陈述的是过去发生的事情,动词应用一般过去时;主语They是复数概念,故填were。
were
二、 语篇填空
(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, 8    is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 9    (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 10  . (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 11    Romeo and Juliet.”
who
themes
were
to
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 12   (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 13    .
(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 14   (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 15   (find) the connection between the two great writers.
inspired
was built
visibility
to find
16   (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 17    see how Tang's play was being performed.”
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了素有“亚洲莎士比亚”之称的汤显祖所代表的中国文化元素如何为莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福增添国际文化色彩。
Recalling
and
8 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tang Xianzu,并在从句做主语,先行词指人。故填who。
9 【解析】考查名词复数。本句是there be句型,根据句中are可判断,空处应用可数名词的复数形式themes。
10 【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处在句中做谓语。根据that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词was writing可知,动词用一般过去时;主语Some of the things为复数概念。故填were。
11 【解析】考查介词。固定短语be similar to意为“和……相似”。
12 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分,动词inspire与名词短语a six-meter-tall pavilion在逻辑上是被动关系,应使用过去分词inspired,做后置定语。
13 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中做谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示被动,动词须用被动语态;结合in 2017和Two years later可知,此处须使用一般过去时的被动语态;主语a six-meter-tall pavilion是单数概念。故填was built。
14 【解析】考查名词。空处做谓语动词increased的宾语,且在形容词international后,应用名词。形容词visible的名词形式为visibility,意为“知名度”,为不可数名词。
15 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定用法be amazed to do sth意为“对做某事感到惊讶”,故填to find。
16 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分,动词recall与主语Edmondson是逻辑上的主动关系,应使用现在分词做状语;该空位于句首,首字母须大写。故填Recalling。
17 【解析】考查连词。空前hear the Chinese language和空后see how Tang's play was being performed在语义上是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
【解析】本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to do sth意为“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词present的不定式,做宾语。故填to present。
B
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)We hope ____________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
to present
【解析】have sb done表示“使某人被……”,someone与scare之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填scared。
2 (2025北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ___________ (scare).
scared
【解析】句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填travel(l)ing。
3 (2025北京卷)When ______________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
travel(l)ing
【解析】此处做介词in的宾语,应用improve的动名词形式improving,做宾语。
4 (2025八省联考)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in ___________(improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
improving
【解析】根据空前的动词are可知,此处应用不定式做表语;固定搭配be to do意为“必定会”,表示对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
5 (2024九省联考)He knows that computers are here _________(stay) and that they will not disappear.
to stay
【解析】固定用法be intended for意为“打算为……所用”,动词intend与名词message在逻辑上是被动关系,应用过去分词做后置定语。故填intended。
6 (2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________(intend) for everyone.
intended
【解析】分析句子结构可知,第一空在句中做目的状语,故用不定式to address;face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词facing,做后置定语。
7 (2023北京卷)She called for action ______________(address) the struggles of people around the world ________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
to address
facing
二、 语篇填空
(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 8    royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 9   (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 10  .
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 11   (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
to
built
that/which
wonders
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn't work, 12   . somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
13    (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I
14   (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 15   (record) everything I discovered.
yet/but
Having visited
was amazed
recording
The 16   (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 17   (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章介绍了北京城的独特特征——古老建筑和现代化发展相结合。
remarkable
means
8 【解析】考查介词。此处与前面的From Buddhist temples to museums为并列结构,由from … to …连接,意为“从……到……”,narrow前省略了from。故填to。
9 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词build与名词system在逻辑上是被动关系,应使用过去分词built做定语。
10 【解析】 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词place,并在从句做主语。故填that或which。
11 【解析】考查名词复数。形容词architectural后应用名词。wonder为可数名词,其前没有限定词,应用其复数形式wonders。
12 【解析】考查连词。空处连接两个句子,上下句在语义上是转折关系,应用转折连词yet或but。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词visit与主语I是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。结合句中的时间状语over the last 10 years可知,动词用现在分词的完成时态;注意首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
14 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是句子谓语动词,动词amaze与主语I在逻辑上是被动关系,动词应用被动语态;结合下文的was able to可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态;主语I是单数。故填was amazed。
15 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定用法spend … (in) doing sth意为“花费……做某事”。故填recording。
16 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词development,应用形容词remarkable。
17 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处做谓语,根据is可知,此处陈述的是客观事实,动词用一般现在时;development是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用means。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
当提示词为动词时,解题涉及语法中各种时态、语态的含义和用法、非谓语动词的含义和基本用法。此类题目重点考查分析句子成分、区分谓语和非谓语、判断主被动和时态的能力。具体而言,谓语动词主要考查时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气;非谓语动词主要考查不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。排除以上考查点之后,也要想到考查词性转换的可能(在“微技能 英语构词法:合成、派生和转化”中会对这种情况集中讲解)。
考查点是谓语动词的解题思路
第一步:判断动词时态 第二步:判断动词语态 主动语态 提示词为行为动词 时态不涉及人称和数,如真题导向A练中题3、4 考查动词变过去式、过去分词的变化规则,须重点注意不规则变化
时态涉及人称和数,如真题导向A练中题1、2、5 须结合主语的人称和数,选择相应的be动词或其他助动词,重点注意第三人称单数
提示词为be动词 时态涉及人称和数,如真题导向A练中题7 第一步:判断动词时态 第二步:判断动词语态 被动语态 助动词是be或情态动词 如真题导向A练中题6 须结合主语的人称和数,选择相应的be动词;情态动词后多用“be+过去分词”
考查点是非谓语动词的解题思路
第一步:判定是否在句中做非谓语动词;
第二步:判断非谓语动词在句中的语法成分和作用,确定用哪种非谓语动词;
做定语 表动作正在进行,含主动意义,用现在分词;表动作已经发生,含被动意义,用过去分词;表动作尚未完成,即将发生,用不定式 如真题导向B练中题6、7
做状语 做目的、结果或原因状语,用不定式;做时间、原因、伴随、方式、让步等状语,用现在分词或过去分词 如真题导向B练中题3、7
做主语、表语、宾语和宾补 固定搭配;固定用法(如介词+动名词) 如真题导向B练中题1、2、4、5
第三步:判断时态、语态,确定所用非谓语动词的形式。
形式 构成 语法功能
一般式 进行式 完成式 被动式 不 定 式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,可做主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语
动 名 词 doing 本身表进行 having done being done having been done 具有名词的作用,可做主语、表语、宾语和定语
形式 构成 语法功能
一般式 进行式 完成式 被动式 现在分词 doing 本身表进行 having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用,可做状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语
过去分词 done / 本身表完成 本身表被动 具有副词和形容词的作用,可做状语、表语、定语和补语
独立主格结构 由“名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等”或者“with/without+复合宾语”构成 一般做状语
注意:当非谓语动词做状语时,其逻辑主语应和主句主语保持一致,可省略逻辑主语;如果不一致,则为独立主格结构。
考向1 判断谓语动词
1. 句中没有谓语动词,或需填的动词与已有谓语动词是并列关系→判定所给动词是句中的谓语动词
2. 根据语境或句中的时间标志词确定时态
(1) 观察句中已经给出的谓语动词时态,保持上下文时态一致。
(2) 找时间状语,根据时间状语,即时间标志词,进行判断;如果没有时间状语,则通过上下文语境来确定。
时态 时间标志词
一般现在时 频度副词(often、usually、always、sometimes等);on/in/at系列(on+星期几、in the morning、at night等);every系列(every day/week/month等);once系列(once a week/month、twice a week/month等)
一般过去时 过去的时间及短语(yesterday、once、just now、at that time等);last系列(last week/year等);ago系列(two days ago等);before系列(before 2008等);in+过去的时间(in 2013等)
时态 时间标志词
一般将来时 将来的时间及短语(soon、soon or later、by the end of等);tomorrow/this/next系列(tomorrow/this afternoon、next day等);in+将来的时间(in 2250、in three days、in the future等)
现在进行时 现在的时间及短语(now、at present/the moment/this time等);情景词汇(look、listen等)
过去进行时 at+过去的时间(at that time/moment、at this time yesterday
等)
现在完成时 already、yet、never、ever、so far、recently、since then、by the time、since+时间点、for+时间段
3. 熟记固定句型中的时态
(1) be doing … when …:主句常用过去进行时,从句常用一般过去时。
(2) It is/has been+时间段+since …:意为“自从……以来,已经……”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
(3) 祈使句+and/or+陈述句:陈述句常用一般将来时。
4. 11种常见时态
时态 构成 用法
一般 现在时 am/is/are, do/does (1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示主语具备的特征、状态和能力。例:My father is a lawyer.
(3) 表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象,或用在格言中。
时态 构成 用法
一般 现在时 am/is/are, do/does (4) 表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等发生的事,仅限于少数非延续性动词(come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、finish、stop等)。例:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
(5) 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,可用一般现在时代替一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,主句仍用一般将来时,即“主将从现”。例:If it rains after school, I'll pick you up.
时态 构成 用法
一般 过去时 was/were, did (1) 表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例:The fire broke out during the night.
(2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或情况。例:He often played football when he was young.
(3) 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态。例:He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
时态 构成 用法
一般 将来时 will/shall do 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。shall一般用于第一人称,will主要用于第二、三人称。
am/is/are going to do 表示说话者明确的计划或有迹象表明即将发生的动作。例:It is going to be a fine day for surfing tomorrow.
时态 构成 用法
一般 将来时 am/is/are to do 表示按约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。例:The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.
am/is/are about to do 表示客观上马上就要发生的事。例:The meeting is about to end.
时态 构成 用法
过去 将来时 would/should do 表示从过去某一时刻看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例:It was six o'clock. The sun would set soon.
was/were going to do 表示按计划或安排将要发生的事,还可表示根据当时的判断有可能但不一定会发生的事。例:She said she was going to return home.
时态 构成 用法
过去 将来时 was/were to do 表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情,还可表示命中注定要发生的事、义务、责任等。例:They were to meet at a given time and place.
was/were about to do 表示过去某一瞬间将要发生的事。例:She was about to leave when the phone rang.
时态 构成 用法
现在 进行时 am/is/are doing (1) 表示说话时正在发生的动作或存在的状态。例:Look! It is raining now.
(2) 表示当前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的动作。例:These workers are building a new factory.
(3) 有些非延续性动词(go、come、leave、stay、start、arrive等)的现在进行时表示动作即将进行或发生。例:He is joining the army.
(4) 当现在进行时中有always、forever、constantly、continually等时,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。例:She is always finding fault with others.
时态 构成 用法
过去 进行时 was/were doing (1) 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。例:What were you doing at 8 p.m. last night
(2) 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。例:She was studying in the library from seven to nine last night.
(3) 非延续性动词(leave、start、arrive等)的过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。例:He said he was leaving for Nanjing this afternoon.
时态 构成 用法
将来 进行时 shall/will be doing (1) 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。例:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
(2) 表示将来一段时间内持续进行的动作。例:Please don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow morning. I shall be having my classes then.
现在 完成时 has/have done (1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。例:I have already finished my homework.
时态 构成 用法
现在 完成时 has/have done (2) 表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态。例:They have been here since they graduated.
注意:①非延续性动词(go、come、leave、borrow、buy等)的完成时与时间段连用时须换成相应的延续性动词。例:He has been away for an hour.
②在以下句型中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时:
a. This/That/It is/will be the first/second/third/… time+that从句
b. This/That/It is the best/worst/most+adj.+名词+从句
时态 构成 用法
过去 完成时 had done (1) 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作。例:When I arrived there, he had left.
(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续至过去另一时间的动作。例:By the time the messenger reached him, the damage had been done.
(3) 在“hardly/scarcely … when …”及“no sooner … than …”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。例:Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.
时态 构成 用法
将来 完成时 will/shall have done 表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作,常与“by+将来的某个时间”或when/before引导的时间状语从句连用。例:By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
现在 完成 进行时 has/have been doing 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,并可能延续下去,或说话时刚结束。例:We have been waiting for you for two hours.
注意:所表示的动作可以是断断续续进行的。例:I have been learning English since three years ago.
5. 根据主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定语态
(1) 主语是谓语动词的实施者→主动语态;主语是动作的承受者→被动语态。
(2) 被动语态的核心是“动作的承受”。如果动词不表示一个可以“被承受”的动作,只表示状态、关系或自主发生的事,它就不能用于被动语态。
(3) 常见被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态结构 时态 被动语态结构
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 过去将来时 would/should be+过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were being+过去分词
现在完成时 has/have been+过去分词 过去完成时 had been+过去分词
将来完成时 will/shall have been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must be+过去分词
(4) 被动语态的特殊用法
①不及物动词,用于表示主语性质、属性的系动词(be、seem、look、feel、become、turn等),通常不用被动语态。
②want、need表“需要”时后接doing。
③be worth doing结构中,用主动形式表示被动意义。
④一些不及物的动词短语(turn out、go on、come out、come into being等)不用被动语态。
6. 根据主谓一致确定是否用第三人称单数
确定主谓一致的三大原则:
(1) 语法一致原则(即主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式)
①and、both … and …连接名词,谓语动词通常用复数;表示同一人、物或概念,谓语动词用单数(区分Walking and riding are good exercises.和Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.)。
②“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构,根据of后名词的单、复数决定谓语动词的数。
③主语为带量词的名词短语时,谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。
(2) 意义一致原则(即主语的意义决定谓语动词的单复数形式)
①crowd、family、team、group、class、staff、army、crew、committee等集体名词做主语,强调整体概念,谓语动词用单数;指其中的具体成员,谓语动词用复数(区分Our class are discussing …和Our class is made up of …);当people、police、cattle等集体名词做主语时,谓语动词必须用复数形式。
②表示重量、距离、时间、金额等的复数名词做主语时,谓语动词常用单数;若强调个体,谓语动词也可用复数。
③不定代词做主语时,根据意义确定谓语动词的单复数(区分All has been changed.和All are present.);不定代词修饰的名词做主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词也用单数,如each boy and each girl。
④定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。
(3) 就近一致原则(即谓语动词的数与其最靠近的主语保持一致)
由either … or …、neither … nor …、not only … but also …等连接的并列名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词的数与离它最近的主语保持一致。例:Not only he but also his family are keen on concerts.
考向2 判断非谓语动词
1. 句中已有谓语动词,且没有并列连词(排除并列谓语的可能)或从属连词→填非谓语动词
2. 根据非谓语动词在句中的功能(所做的句子成分),结合句意确定其形式
(1) 做主语、宾语或表语→动名词;
(2) 做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或补语→不定式;
(3) 做表语、定语、状语或补语→现在分词或过去分词。
3. 根据逻辑关系判断逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系,确定语态(主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词)
(1) 状语→分析所给动词与主句主语的关系;
(2) 宾补→分析所给动词与宾语的关系;
(3) 定语→分析所给动词与被修饰名词的关系。
4. 分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序,确定用一般式还是完成式
(1) 与谓语动作同时发生→一般式;
(2) 先于谓语动作→完成式。
注意:
①非谓语动词做状语时,若其逻辑主语和主句主语保持一致,可省略逻辑主语;若不一致,则应用独立主格结构(如Weather permitting)。
②固定搭配需单独记忆(如avoid doing、refuse to do)。
5. 非谓语动词的形式、位置与意义
(1) 非谓语动词做定语
形式 位置 意义
现在分词 一般,单个分词放被修饰词之前; 分词短语放被修饰词之后 表主动、进行,和被修饰词是逻辑上的主谓关系
过去分词 表被动、完成,和被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系
不定式 在被修饰词之后 表示将来
动名词 在被修饰词之前 表目的、用途、性能
注意:①修饰抽象名词,常用不定式做定语,如time、need、chance、way、effort、decision、wish、attempt、ability、moment、patience、plan、reason、opportunity等。例:The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
②名词前有序数词、形容词最高级,或者the last/next/only/no/all/any等限定词修饰时,常用不定式做定语。例:He was the first one to think of the idea.
③修饰something/nothing/anything等不定代词时,常用不定式做定语。例:There is nothing to worry about.
(2) 非谓语动词做状语
①不定式:做目的状语,强调目的性;做结果状语,表出乎意料的结果时,其前常用only加强语气;做原因状语,常用在表喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如glad、sorry、anxious)后。
②分词:现在分词或过去分词可在句中修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因(相当于because、since等引导的原因状语从句)、时间(相当于when、before等引导的时间状语从句)、条件(相当于if、unless等引导的条件状语从句)、方式、结果等,也可做伴随状语。
③独立主格结构做状语
常见形式 意义 举例
名词/代词 +不定式 表动作尚未发生 So many children to support, they both have to work full-time.
+现在分词 表主动、进行 The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
+过去分词 表被动、完成 This done, we went home.
+形容词/副 词/介词短语 表性质、特征、状态 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
常见形式 意义 举例
with/ without+ 宾语 +不定式 表将来 I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
+现在分词 表主动且进行或表特征 Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.
+过去分词 表被动且完成或表状态 Without anything left in the fridge, she wasn't able to make food for the family.
+形容词/副 词/介词短语 表方式、原因、伴随等 With class over, the kids were rushing out of the classroom.
注意:独立主格结构中的“名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语”和“with/without+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语”并不属于非谓语动词,这里是为呈现独立主格结构的常见形式而集中展示。
(3) 非谓语动词做主语、表语、宾语和宾补
①不定式和动名词做主语
不定式做主语表示具体的,尤其是未发生的动作;动名词做主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般性的行为倾向。
注意:两者可位于句首,也可用it做形式主语,而把不定式或动名词后置。
不定式做主语的常用句型 结构复杂的动名词做主语的常用句型
◆It is/was+adj.+for/of+sb/sth+(not) to do sth ◆It takes/took sb+时间+to do ◆It is/was one's turn to do sth ◆It's no use/good doing sth
◆There's no sense in doing sth
◆It's a waste of time/energy/money doing sth
②不定式和动名词做表语
不定式做表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作;动名词做表语时,说明主语的性质或特征。
例:His ambition is to go to Harvard University.
What she likes is watching children play.
③不定式和动名词做宾语
只接不定式做宾语的动词 agree、intend、plan、promise、prepare、decide、refuse、choose、wish、hope、want、expect、fail、pretend、manage、determine、beg、arrange、threaten、claim、hesitate、happen等
只接动名词做宾语的动词(短语) admit、avoid、consider、escape、imagine、mind、practise、suggest、feel like、give up、put off、object to、look forward to、stick to等
两者均可,但意义有显著区别的动词 try to do 尽力做……;try doing 试着去做……
mean to do 打算做……;mean doing 意味着做……
regret to do 遗憾去做……;regret doing 后悔做过……
remember to do记得去做……;remember doing记得做过……
forget to do忘记去做……;forget doing忘记做过……
注意:介词后一般接动名词做宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式做宾语,若前面有实义动词do,后面的不定式要省略to。 ④不定式和分词做宾语补足语
现在分词做宾补 在感官动词see、hear、notice、watch、feel、listen to、observe等以及使役动词have、get、leave等后 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,强调正在进行或主动的动作
过去分词做宾补 动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系,强调已经完成或被动的动作
不定式做宾补 带to的不定式做宾补的动词(短语):ask、advise、allow、beg、cause、command、encourage、force、forbid、invite、order、warn、persuade、require、remind、teach、want、tell、direct、prefer、request、wish、call on/upon、depend on/upon等
省略to的不定式做宾补的动词(短语)包括help、使役动词(make、have、let)和感官动词,但这些动词(短语)用于被动语态时须保留to;主动语态中,动词help后的不定式to可以省略,也可以保留
考向3 判断动词的转换
有时候提示词虽然是动词,但空处既不考查谓语动词也不考查非谓语动词,那就可能是考查词性转换。根据具体语境,确定是转换成名词(注意单复数变化)、形容词,还是副词。动词变名词和形容词的常见后缀参考“微技能 英语构词法:合成、派生和转化”内容。
谓语动词 考向 易错点 对策
动词 时态 1. 提供的时间状语有较强干扰性 应明确句中时间状语是否为空处的时间状语
2. 题干无明显的时间状语 需分析上下文语境
3. 时态的特殊用法 注意学习考向1中“11种常见时态”的相应讲解
谓语动词 考向 易错点 对策
动词 语态 1. be的不同形式 参考考向1中“常见被动语态的构成”,区分be/being/ been的使用情况
2. 不用被动语态的动词及主动形式表被动意义的动词 强化学习考向1中“被动语态的特殊用法”
主谓 一致 1. 主语成分复杂 注意学习考向1中“确定主谓一致的三大原则”
2. 三大从句中的主谓一致 根据语境确定真正的主语
非谓语动词 易错点 对策
1. 混淆非谓语动词与谓语动词 巩固谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断方式,多揣摩练习中的句子
2. 混淆非谓语动词的用法和区别 结合考向2讲解,根据语法功能、形式、意义,代入练习中的句子多体会
3. 忽视了非谓语动词的时态和语态 回看本专题“解题思路”部分的表格,结合句子多作分析
4. 固定搭配、特殊用法识别不清 具体知识点反复练习,规律复习
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2026江苏徐州部分示范性高中摸底)________(drive) by a passion for ancient Chinese history and culture, Li, as an office worker, became committed to promoting and organizing hanfu-related activities after finishing her day job
【解析】分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词 became,且空处没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词做状语,动词drive与主语Li之间是被动关系,所以空处需用过去分词做状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Driven。
Driven
2 (2025广东深圳高级中学高中园5月适应性考试)Skilled clockmakers like James Cox ______(know) how to make luxury clocks with complex parts that could ring and move.
【解析】根据句意及从句中could可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,故填knew。
knew
3 (2025浙江强基联盟三模)Thanks to Ji's efforts, Zhuang brocade, known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns, ____________________ (preserve) for decades.
【解析】根据时间状语for decades可知,这里强调从过去到现在壮锦一直被保存,应用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为“have/has been+过去分词”,主语Zhuang brocade是单数,所以用has been preserved。
has been preserved
4 (2025湖南长沙南雅中学三模)“Now, humanoid robots __________________________________(position) to meet human needs and drive business efficiency,” Wang said.
【解析】此处position与主语humanoid robots构成被动关系,根据句首的时间状语Now和句意,需用现在进行时或一般现在时的被动语态。故填are being positioned/are positioned。
are being positioned/are positioned
5 (2025山东实验中学二模)Her forthcoming project cooperates with poets _______________(set) Tang Dynasty verses(诗句) to experimental erhu arrangements.
【解析】句中已有谓语动词cooperates,空处应用非谓语,且根据句意可知,合作的目的是set Tang Dynasty verses to experimental erhu arrangements,应用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to set。
to set
二、 语篇填空
(2025河南TOP20名校大联考)“China will continue advancing its three-year Weight Management Campaign and promoting healthier lifestyles,” 6   (announce) Lei Haichao, head of the National Health Commission(NHC), at a press conference on people's livelihood last month. 7   (follow) this announcement, the topic about the national weight-loss guideline quickly trended on China's social platforms, bringing renewed attention to the NHC's “2024 Adult Obesity Dietary Guidelines”.
announced
Following
Fish and tofu stewed in an iron pot, boiled meat slices, Shaanxi Saozi noodles, and more … Many common dishes in Chinese households 8    are rich in flavor and deeply rooted in regional culinary(烹饪) traditions are included in the list.
These guidelines go with China's broader push toward sustainable weight management, suggesting seasonal meal plans for each of 9    country's seven major regions and offering three different calorie levels—1,200 kcal, 1,400 kcal, and 1,600 kcal—10   (accommodate) varying needs. Users can customize their intake based on their height, weight, and activity levels, 11    ask for additional guidance from health care professionals.
that/which
the
to accommodate
or
“The guidelines combine traditional dietary 12   (wise) with modern nutritional science, adapting regional foods to healthier standards through 13   (science) adjustments while maintaining the nutritional value,” said Zhu Yi, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering at China Agricultural University. “By precisely measuring portions, balancing ingredients(食材), and optimizing cooking methods, the 14   (propose) diet ensures both flavor and health benefits, allowing people to enjoy delicious food while managing their weight. For example, every recipe includes detailed ingredient weights to ensure that calorie intake will 15   (monitor) carefully.”
wisdom
scientific
proposed
be monitored
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了中国推进体重管理行动及发布了膳食指南。
6 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last month可知,动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时,动词使用过去式announced。
7 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the topic与follow为主动关系,用现在分词做伴随状语;空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Following。
8 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dishes指物,且关系词在从句中做主语,用that或which引导定语从句。
9 【解析】考查冠词。此处特指“中国”这个国家,用定冠词the。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。“提供三种卡路里水平”的目的是“适应不同需求”,所以空处应用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to accommodate。
11 【解析】考查连词。前后为选择关系,用连词or连接两个谓语动词customize和ask。
12 【解析】考查名词。形容词traditional dietary后需接名词,做combine的宾语,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智慧”。
13 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词adjustments需用形容词做定语,science的形容词形式为scientific,意为“科学的”。
14 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处需用非谓语做定语,修饰diet,propose与逻辑主语diet为被动关系,表示“被建议的”,故填propose的过去分词形式proposed。
15 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。主语calorie intake与monitor为被动关系,且空前有will,所以使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done。故填be monitored。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共41张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
微专题2 提示词为形容词和副词
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____________(strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ___________(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【解析】第一空修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic或是strategical,意为“战略性的,策略的”,做定语;第二空修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally,意为“数字地”,做状语。
strategic(al)
digitally
2 (2025北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ________(long).
【解析】此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。
3 (2024九省联考)Today, a writer ________(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one.
【解析】空处修饰动词throws,应用simple的副词形式simply。
longer
simply
4 (2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the _________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【解析】空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,用large的最高级largest做定语。
largest
5 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning ___________(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
【解析】空处做状语,修饰整个句子,应使用副词;该空位于句首,首字母须大写。故填Basically。
6 (2023北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I threw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up _________(exact) on time.
【解析】此处修饰介词短语on time,应用副词exactly,做状语。
Basically
exactly
二、 语篇填空
(2025全国二卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 7    bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 8   (center) heating doesn't exist.
where
central
Nothing in my life before prepared me 9    this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it's amazing how you can adapt 10    learn in a new environment. Over time, I've found 11   (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 12   (be) one of them.
for
and
myself
is
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 13   (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 14    (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 15  .
(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 16   (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
to discover
absence
afternoons
left
【语篇导读】本文是记叙文(人与自我)。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
7 【解析】考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang, China,关系词代替先行词在从句中做地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。
8 【解析】考查形容词。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central,意为“中央的,中心的”,做定语。
9 【解析】考查介词。prepare sb for …意为“使某人为……做好准备”,是固定搭配。故填for。
10 【解析】 考查连词。adapt和learn是并列关系,应用连词and连接。
11 【解析】考查代词。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself。
12 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词,chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式,做后置定语。故填to discover。
14 【解析】考查名词。本空做thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence,意为“缺乏,没有”,且其不可数。
15 【解析】考查名词复数。afternoon是可数名词,此处指不止一个下午,应用复数形式afternoons。
16 【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句所在的if从句中已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词left,做后置定语。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
语法填空对形容词的考查主要集中在三个方面:词性转换,包括名词、动词转换为形容词;比较级/最高级,涉及规则变化和不规则变化;功能用法,常做定语(如a happy child)、表语(如The child is happy.)和宾语补足语(如We found the story amusing.)。从历年考题来看,形容词的词性转换、比较级和最高级是考查重点,形容词做定语和表语的功能用法频繁出现,需重点关注。
对副词的考查主要聚焦于:词性转换,即将形容词转换为副词,以及名词/动词转换为副词;功能用法,重点考查副词修饰动词、形容词以及整个句子的用法;比较级,包括副词比较级及其修饰词(如much faster、far less smoothly)。
解题思路
1. 词性不变:考虑比较级和最高级(如真题导向中题2、4)、固定搭配和固定句式、派生(加词缀变反义等)。
2. 词性改变:形容词转化为副词(如真题导向中题1、3、5、6);名词、动词转换为形容词(如真题导向中题1)。
3. 否定意义:加un-、dis-、in-、im-、ir-、il-等否定前缀。
若提示词是形容词或副词,先根据设空位置判断该用形容词或副词,还是进行其他词性转换。若依旧填形容词,则考虑填反义词、比较级或最高级;若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,则考虑填入副词;若空前为及物动词、名词所有格、介词、形容词,则可能需要进行词性转换,考虑填入名词。
考向1 判断形容词和副词
判断空处填形容词还是副词,要考虑其在句子中的位置和功能。
1. 判断形容词
先确定词性——分析句子成分,若空处做以下成分,通常填形容词:
(1) 做定语,修饰名词或复合不定代词;
(2) 做表语,表主语的性质或状态;
(3) 做主语补足语,补充说明主语;
(4) 做宾语补足语,补充说明宾语;
(5) 做状语,说明主语的状态或心理感受(如Tired but satisfied, the climbers reached the summit.)。
2. 判断副词
若提示词对整个句子或对其前、后的动词、形容词起修饰作用,一般填副词。
考向2 判断比较级和最高级
判断比较级和最高级,要注意比较的范围及修饰词。比较级用来表示两个事物之间的比较;而最高级则用于三个或更多事物之间的比较,强调其中一个是最突出的。有时句中隐含比较关系,需要考生读懂句意。
1. 利用标志词确定比较等级——一般来说,题中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a lot、a great deal、than等标志词时,用比较级;空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时,用最高级;空前有one of the或the+序数词时,用最高级;句中虽没有标志词,但暗含比较,也需要用比较级或最高级(如I've never felt more alive.)。
2. 利用固定句型——“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”;“比较级+比较级”或“more and more+原级”,表示“越来越……”;“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的含义(如I can't agree with you more.)。
3. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变形规则
规则 示例
一般,末尾直接加er/est small→smaller→smallest、fast→faster→fastest等
以不发音的e结尾加r/st nice→nicer→nicest、fine→finer→finest等
规则 示例
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加er/est happy→happier→happiest、lucky→luckier→luckiest等
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写末尾的字母再加er/est hot→hotter→hottest、big→bigger→biggest、thin→thinner→thinnest等
部分双音节词或多音节词前加more/less、most/least tired→more tired→most tired、expensive→less expensive→least expensive等
规则 示例
不规则变化 good/well→better→best、bad/ill/badly→worse→worst、many/much→more→most、little→less→least、old→older/elder→oldest/eldest、far→farther/further→farthest/furthest等
考向3 判断形容词与副词的转换
规则 示例
大多数形容词直接加ly poor→poorly(不足)、fair→fairly(相当地)等
元音+e/le结尾,去e加ly true→truly(真正地)、whole→wholly(整个地)等
辅音+le结尾,去e加ly simple→simply(简单地,仅仅)、comfortable→comfortably(舒适地)等
辅音+y结尾,去y加ily angry→angrily(愤怒地)、noisy→noisily(嘈杂地)等
注意:shy→shyly(害羞地)
规则 示例
-ic结尾,加ally automatic→automatically(自动地)、basic→basically(基本上)等
注意:public→publicly(当众)
-ll结尾,加y full→fully(完全地)、dull→dully(无聊地)等
形容词和副词同形 fast、hard、late、early、high、near、straight等
常考且容易拼错的副词 rudely、politely、widely、nicely、closely、healthily、surprisingly、increasingly、fortunately、disappointedly、excitedly、hurriedly等
注意:-ly结尾的词也可能是形容词,如friendly、lively、weekly。
易错点 对策
1. 比较等级的误判 记住比较等级的常用修饰词和用法,并结合语境判断
2. 同根词(hard/hardly、late/lately等) 多在语境中揣摩同根词的意思
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2026江苏徐州部分示范性高中摸底)“With exposure growing on social media platforms, more and more people are interested and willing to learn about it,” Li said ________(gentle).
【解析】空处需用副词做状语修饰动词said,gentle的副词形式为gently。
gently
2 (2025浙江义乌三模)In 1917, Japanese mathematician Sōichi Kakeya posed a seemingly simple question: What is the __________(small) area that an infinitely(无限地) thin needle can sweep when rotated(旋转)
【解析】空处修饰名词area,需用形容词做定语,定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填smallest。
smallest
3 (2025山东泰安二模)For instance, facial recognition systems are used to be activated _______________(automatic) upon entry, while lighting and temperature adjust according to __________(person) preferences stored in cloud databases.
【解析】第一空修饰动词be activated,应用副词automatically,意为“自动地”,做状语;第二空修饰名词preferences,应用形容词personal,意为“个人的”,做定语。
automatically
personal
4 (2025河南部分示范性高中模拟预测)_________(far) efforts will be made to meet the high demand for youth-friendly sports by building more fitness facilities at parks.
【解析】根据句意“将进一步努力,在公园建造更多的健身设施来满足对青少年友好型体育的高需求”可知,该空用所给形容词的比较级形式,且句首单词首字母大写。故填Further。
Further
5 (2025广东二模)______________(remarkable), creating a single scarf can involve up to 30 different colors, each requiring its own screen and printing step.
【解析】空处修饰整个句子,做状语,应用副词remarkably,意为“值得注意的是”,句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。
Remarkably
二、 语篇填空
(2025湖南长沙雅礼中学二模)If you have the chance to travel to Frankfurt, it's worth making a stop at the Bockenheimer Warte subway station just to see its unique entryway. Whoever has a vivid imagination might be convinced 6    the existence of powerful supervillains(超级反派). The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance to the station 7   (look) as if a threatening giant has lifted up a tram car and thrown it into the solid concrete sidewalk. In reality, it has a much 8   (practical) origin.
of
looks
more practical
The construction of this station entrance 9   (credit) originally to an architect named Zbigniew Peter Pininski. 10   (set) familiar objects, such as apples, eggs, birds, pipes, and clocks, in unusual contexts, he was able to arouse a sense of wonder and 11   (curious) among viewers. In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 12    accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance.
was credited
Setting
curiosity
that/which
At that time, the subway station was simply a proposal 13   . (extend) Frankfurt's subway system. Many of the local residents were concerned about the impact the construction and development would have on the community. The issue led to a heated debate, with some people 14   (oppose) to the project. Pininski's unusual design helped win over enough support for the subway station to get “15    green light”, and it was built in 1986. It has now become a tourist attraction for people to take a selfie(自拍照).
to extend
opposed
the
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了德国法兰克福Bockenheimer Warte地铁站的独特入口设计,包括其外观特点、设计师的创意来源、设计背后的故事以及该设计对当地社区和游客的影响。
6 【解析】考查介词。短语be convinced of …意为“相信……”。
7 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。关系代词that引导定语从句修饰先行词architecture,空处为主句的谓语动词,句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时;主语为单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式looks。
8 【解析】考查形容词比较级。空处为形容词做定语修饰名词,根据空前的much以及句意可知,用形容词的比较级形式more practical。
9 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为谓语动词;固定短语be credited to意为“归功于”,根据originally可知,句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时;主语The construction为单数,be动词用was。故填was credited。
10 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词做状语;主语he和set之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式;空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Setting。
11 【解析】考查名词。做介词of的宾语,与wonder并列,用名词curiosity。
12 【解析】考查定语从句。空处为定语从句的关系词;先行词为reason,指物,用关系代词which或that在定语从句中做主语。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词形式,不定式做名词proposal的后置定语。
14 【解析】考查形容词。介词with后的宾语为some people,形容词opposed意为“反对的”,做宾语补足语。
15 【解析】考查冠词。此处表示特指意义,用定冠词the,意思是“获得(建设这个地铁站的)正式批准”。get the green light是高频习语,意为“获得(某项活动或计划的)正式批准”。
 1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
 2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
 3. 你有哪些收获:________
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共47张PPT)
第二部分
知识运用
专题四 语法填空
破难点
微技能 英语构词法:合成、派生和转化
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
A
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘__________(guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
【解析】此处做follow的宾语,用名词guidance,意为“引导”,且其为不可数名词。
guidance
2 (2025北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It's __________(peace), especially around sunset.
【解析】is后接形容词做表语,peace的形容词形式是peaceful,意为“宁静的”。
3 (2025八省联考)At the same time, a language and its individual _________ (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
【解析】本空修饰名词forms,需用形容词written,意为“书写的”,做前置定语。
peaceful
written
4 (2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
【解析】根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of短语可知,空处应使用名词做宾语,complete的名词形式为completion,为不可数名词。
5 (2023全国甲卷)___________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【解析】固定短语be different from意为“与……不同”,应用形容词做状语;空处位于句首,首字母须大写。故填Different。
completion
Different
二、 语篇填空
(2024新课标I卷)Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 6   (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 7   (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days 8   (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 9   (close) to protect the plants.
engineering
functional
to give
closed
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 10   (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 11    first time. These plants included modern Western 12   (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
walks
the
favourites
The Glasshouse stands 13    a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 14    brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 15   (rich) of gardening in England.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室建造的一座名为Glasshouse的温室及其周围的丝绸之路花园,详细描述了该温室的设计、功能以及它与丝绸之路的历史联系。
as
which/that
richness
6 【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”。
7 【解析】考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词functional做定语。
8 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语,表示目的,应用动词不定式to give做目的状语。
9 【解析】考查形容词。空处用于stays之后做表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”。
10 【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。walk sb through …意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
11 【解析】考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”,符合句意。
12 【解析】考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。
13 【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知,空处表达的是“作为”,应用介词as。
14 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that引导。
15 【解析】考查名词。空处应用名词形式richness,做介词of的宾语,且其不可数。
1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
3. 你有哪些收获:________
B
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through ____________(innovate), and its inclusiveness.
【解析】此处做介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation,意为“创新”,且其不可数。
innovation
2 (2024九省联考)He is happy with the ____________(improve) he sees in his students' writing and in his own writing.
【解析】根据空前的定冠词the可知,应用名词做介词with的宾语,动词improve的名词形式是improvement,为不可数名词。
3 (2024北京卷)Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of ________________(self-aware).
【解析】空处做介词of的宾语,应使用名词self-awareness。
improvement
self-awareness
4 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___________(confidence) speaking English.
【解析】空处是and连接的并列结构,其前的形容词comfortable提示此处应用名词confidence的形容词形式confident。
5 (2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by __________ (space) homes and walled gardens.
【解析】修饰名词homes,应用形容词做定语。故填spacious。
confident
spacious
二、 语篇填空
(2022全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 6    the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 7    festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 8   . (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 9   (large) tea-producing country, China has a 10   (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 11   (share) future for mankind,” he said.
by
the
addressed
largest
responsibility
shared
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 12    cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
13   (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 14   (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
and
To strengthen
inviting
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 15   (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章报道了首个国际茶日的庆祝活动,提及相关倡议的发布以及中国古茶博物馆的开幕。
its
6 【解析】考查介词。此处表示“被命名”,用固定短语be named by。
7 【解析】考查冠词。空处位于名词前,对名词起限定作用,特指上文提到的International Tea Day这一节日,用定冠词the。
8 【解析】考查动词的时态。空处在句中做谓语。根据下文的动词said可知,此处陈述过去发生的事情,动词应用过去式addressed。
9 【解析】考查形容词最高级。修饰名词tea-producing country,应用形容词。结合空前的定冠词the和常识可知,此处用形容词的最高级形式largest。
10 【解析】 考查名词。空前的不定冠词a提示,此处应使用可数名词的单数形式responsibility。
11 【解析】考查形容词。空处应用形容词修饰名词future,表示“共享的”,用shared。
12 【解析】考查连词。名词短语international cooperation和cultural exchanges在语义上是并列关系,做动词promote的宾语,应用并列连词and。
13 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分。表示目的,用不定式结构做目的状语;该空位于句首,首字母须大写。故填To strengthen。
14 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做非谓语成分。动词invite与主语the event是逻辑上的主动关系,应使用现在分词inviting,做状语。
15 【解析】考查代词。名词exhibition前应用形容词性物主代词its修饰。
1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
3. 你有哪些收获:________
体 系 建 构
英语构词法涉及合成(两个或更多的词合成为一个新词)、派生(通过给词根添加前缀或后缀构成新词)和转化(一个单词形式不变,词类变,如名词动用)。语法填空中,考查派生居多。
解题思路
1. 分析空处在句中的作用(做主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等)。
2. 依据语境确定应填入的词性,如真题导向A练中题1、4,真题导向B练中题1、2为动词变名词;真题导向A练中题2、5,真题导向B练中题4、5为名词变形容词。
3. 对提示词进行恰当变换,并代入句中看是否符合整体语法规则。
考向1 派生成名词
动词变名词 -ment achieve→achievement、entertain→entertainment、agree→agreement
-sion decide→decision、permit→permission、conclude→conclusion
-ion/-tion/ -ation/-ition attract→attraction、suggest→suggestion、educate→education、describe→description、conserve→conservation、compete→competition
动词变名词 -ance/-ence appear→appearance、perform→performance、exist→existence
-ing end→ending、train→training、mean→meaning
-er/-or work→worker、drive→driver、conduct→conductor、edit→editor
-age marry→marriage、store→storage、use→usage、post→postage
其他 beg→beggar、behave→behaviour、know→knowledge、die→death、press→pressure、succeed→success、fly→flight、arrive→arrival、recover→recovery
形容词 变名词 -ness/-iness dark→darkness、aware→awareness、happy→happiness、lonely→loneliness
-th true→truth、wide→width、long→length、deep→depth
-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty、safe→safety、real→reality、possible→possibility、responsible→responsibility
-ency/-ence efficient→efficiency、frequent→frequency、dependent→dependence
-dom wise→wisdom、free→freedom
形容词变名词 去掉-y/-ing/-ed/ -ful/-less/-ous rainy→rain、interesting→interest、skilled→skill、helpful→help、harmless→harm、dangerous→danger
其他 accurate→accuracy、hot→heat、high→height
名词变 名词 -ache head→headache、back→backache
-ship friend→friendship、citizen→citizenship
-ist/-er art→artist、science→scientist、village→villager
-hood/-dom child→childhood、king→kingdom
-ese China→Chinese、Japan→Japanese
考向2 派生为形容词
名词变形容词 -y wealth→wealthy、health→healthy、wind→windy、luck→lucky、fun→funny、sun→sunny、noise→noisy、ice→icy
-ful/-less harm→harmful/harmless、care→careful/careless
-ous danger→dangerous、fame→famous、courage→courageous
-en wool→woollen、wood→wooden、gold→golden
-al person→personal、medicine→medical、nation→national
名词变形容词 -able knowledge→knowledgeable
-ish fool→foolish、child→childish、self→selfish
-ry anger→angry、hunger→hungry
-ant/-ent importance→important、evidence→evident、silence→silent
-ese/-n China→Chinese、Japan→Japanese、Australia→Australian
其他 strategy→strategic、scientist→scientific、pleasure→pleasant/pleased、pride→proud、
friend→friendly、love→lovely、month→monthly、day→daily
动词变形容词 -ive cooperate→cooperative、impress→impressive、sense→sensitive
-able/-ible adjust→adjustable、admire→admirable、change→changeable、access→accessible
-ing/-ed amuse→amusing/amused、astonish→astonishing/astonished
-ful forget→forgetful、thank→thankful、regret→regretful
a- live→alive、sleep→asleep、wake→awake
其他 die→dead、like→likely、lose→lost、taste→tasty、shine→shiny
考向3 派生为动词
形容词变动词 -ize/-ise modern→modernize、social→socialize
-en fast→fasten、strong→strengthen
en- large→enlarge
名词变动词 -fy/-ify class→classify、beauty→beautify
考向4 形容词派生为副词(具体内容见“微专题2 提示词为形容词和副词 考向3”)
考向5 派生为反义或否定词
dis-/mis- advantage→disadvantage、like→dislike、lead→mislead
il-/in-/ir-/im- legal→illegal、convenient→inconvenient、regular→irregular、polite→impolite
un- happy→unhappy、willing→unwilling
-less useful→useless、hopeful→hopeless、fearful→fearless
易错点 对策
1. 无法准确判断缺词的词性 练习长难句分析,明确所缺成分
2. 前后缀使用不当 学习“技法点拨”表格中的词缀知识,形成体系
对 点 训 练
限时:15分钟
一、 单句语法填空
1 (2025浙江金华十校4月模考)There was no existing documentation of the full recipe and _____________(compose) of jiyouhuang, so initially, the success rate was low.
【解析】空处应填名词做宾语,意为“成分”。故填composition。
2 (2025广东深圳高级中学高中园5月适应性考试)To say zimingzhong are complicated is to understate their ___________(grand).
【解析】空处做宾语,前面有形容词性物主代词修饰,应填名词形式,故填grandness。
composition
grandness
3 (2025山东实验中学二模)Her mentor, Master Wang, stressed that authentic music lives not in _______________(technique) precision, but in the sincerity of breath and fingertips.
【解析】空处应用形容词technical,修饰名词precision,做定语。
4 (2025福建厦门四检)It emphasized __________(open) and inclusivity as vital to artistic development.
【解析】空处与inclusivity并列,做emphasized的宾语,应用名词openness,表示“开放”,是不可数名词。
technical
openness
5 (2025江苏南京、盐城二模)A quick search on the topic “publishing marriage announcements in newspapers” will bring up _________(variety) posts, along with those who have done so sharing their experiences.
【解析】空后为名词posts,此处需要填入一个形容词做定语,修饰该名词,表示“各种各样的”,所给名词variety的形容词形式是various。
various
二、 语篇填空
(2025江苏苏锡常镇二模)In recent weeks, US Internet users have been flocking(蜂拥) in surprising numbers to sign up to a popular Chinese social media app called the Little Rednote, also known as Xiaohongshu, 6   . (lead) to a closer relationship between Chinese and American citizens as they exchange jokes, memes(模因) 7    even help each other with their homework. It seems that US Internet users fall in love with China's memes and can't get enough of them.
leading
and
Perhaps you've heard of “u swan(天鹅), he frog”? In August 2024, the influencer YourKris published a post on the Little Rednote in 8   . she discussed relationship troubles with her boyfriend. She 9   (meet) by a flood of supportive comments from Chinese users featuring turns of phrase such as “you swan, he frog”. The 10   (literal) translated idiom was subsequently used by Americans online 11   (describe) everything from celebrity relationships 12    political candidates.
The 13   (popular) of Chinese memes reveals how American users are expressing a great interest in China nowadays and it is providing an opportunity for interactions between two countries.
which
was met
literally
to describe
to
popularity
According to some American 14   (create) who share Chinese content online, the reason why it performs well is the same reason any content 15   (do) well: it's funny, well-made, and feels authentic.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章通过描述美国网民大量注册小红书这一现象,以“你天鹅,他癞蛤蟆”这一模因的传播为例,说明中国模因在美国的流行,并分析了其流行原因。
creators
does
6 【解析】考查非谓语动词。have been flocking是谓语动词,所以空处填非谓语;此处表示上文行为产生的自然而然的结果,应用现在分词leading,做结果状语。
7 【解析】考查连词。根据句意可知,句子描述了中美两国公民在小红书平台上进行的一系列互动行为,exchange jokes,memes和help each other with their homework是并列的动作,应用并列连词and。
8 【解析】考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是a post,指物,关系词在从句中做介词in的宾语,应用关系代词which引导。
9 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处与主语She是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词使用was。故填was met。
10 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰过去分词translated,应用副词literally,意为“按照字面意义地,逐字地”,做状语。
11 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处做目的状语,应用动词不定式to describe。
12 【解析】考查介词。固定搭配from … to …意为“从……到……”,to是介词。
13 【解析】考查名词。此处做主语,应用名词popularity,意为“流行”,表抽象概念,不可数。
14 【解析】考查名词复数。此处表示“创作者,创造者”,应用名词creator,空前有some,应用复数形式creators。
15 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时,any content做主语,动词使用第三人称单数形式does。
1. 你有错题吗?你的错题涉及哪些语法点:谓语动词□ 非谓语动词□ 形容词、副词□ 名词□ 冠词□ 介词□ 代词□ 三大从句和连词□ 构词法□
2. 错误原因是什么:有生词□ 不理解句意□ 相关语法点没掌握牢□ 没有结合语境答题□
3. 你有哪些收获:________
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