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Unit 3 Growing Up 语法+写作解析
一、语法解析
连词
(一)定义
连词是用来连接单词，短语，从句或句子的词。连词是一种虚词，不能独立担任句子成分，在句子和句子的各种成分中起连接作用。
Eg: Lily likes English but she can't speak well.
丽丽喜欢英语但是她说得不好。
My father was reading a book when my mum was cooking.
我妈妈在做饭时爸爸在读书。
(二)分类
1.并列连词：连接同等成分的词叫并列连词。
同等成分可以是单词，短语，分句或句子。连接两个句子时，构成并列句。
Eg:They like apples and bananas.
他们喜欢苹果和香蕉。
He is Chinese and he is in Class One.
他是中国人他在一班。
Eg:They like apples and bananas.
他们喜欢苹果和香蕉。
He is Chinese and he is in Class One.
他是中国人他在一班。
2.从属连词：把从句和主句连接起来的词叫从属连词。
从属连词分为引导名词性从句和副词性从句的连词。
Eg: I think that he is from England.(引导名词性从句)
我觉得他来自英国。
I was late because it rained heavily.(引导副词性从句)
我迟到了因为雨下得很大。
(三)功能
连词的功能就是在句子中起连接作用。它们所连接的成分，成分的数量以及它们在连接成分中的位置方面并不完全相同。
连词在连接两个分句时总是置于其中一个分句之首。
Eg: We will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨我们将去公园。
*并列连词and,or和but所连接的分句与前面的分句位置固定，不能调换。
Eg: The factory was opened two years ago and it closed down yesterday.
这个工厂两年前开业昨天倒闭了。
*使用并列连词and,or和but就不能用其他连词，而从属连词则可以使用。
Eg: She is the woman that I met yesterday and that is from America.
(从属连词that前有并列连词and)
她是我昨天见到的女士她来自美国。
(四)并列连词
1.表示平行关系的连词及短语
平行关系的并列连词使用中要注意连词前后的成分一般是对等的。
Eg: One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting them.
一个人可以通过犯错误和改正错误来学习一门语言。
and"和"，表并列或顺承关系。
Eg: I am doing homework and he is doing homework, too.
我正在做作业并且他也正在做作业。
both...and..."两者都..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America.
丽丽和露西都来自美国。
not only...but also..."不但...而且..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。
Eg: Not only you but also he wants to buy this book.
不仅你而且他也想买这本书。
neither...nor..."两者都不..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。
Eg:Neither you nor he likes apples.
你和他都不喜欢苹果。
2.表转折关系的连词及短语
表转折关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但意义是相反的。
Eg: I don't have a soccer ball, but my brother does.
我没有足球但是我哥哥有。
but"但是"，表转折关系
Eg: My father is watching TV but my mother is cooking。我的爸爸在看电视但我的妈妈在做饭。
* however"然而"，表转折关系
Eg: He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。
3.表选择关系的连词及短语
表示选择关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但是意思是有所取舍的。
Eg: You may either stay here or go with me.
你可以呆在这儿，也可以跟我去。
or"或者"，表选择关系
Eg: Do you like apples or pears
你喜欢苹果还是梨
either...or..."或者...或者...",连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则
Eg: Either you or he is right.
不是你对了就是他对了。
4.表因果关系的连词及短语
表示因果关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但前后两分句一个表示原因，一个表示结果。
Eg: It must be morning now, for birds are singing.
现在一定是早上，因为鸟儿正在唱歌。
for"因为"，表原因关系
Eg: Mike must be at home, for the light in his room is on.
迈克肯定在家，因为他房间里面的等亮着。
so"所以"，表因果关系
Eg: There is so much haze around us, so we should do something to protect the environment.
我们身边有这么多的雾霾，所以我们应该做些事来保护环境。
(五)从属连词
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词：
when"当...时候"，从句用一般过去时，主句过去进行时，从句动词可以是延续性也可是非延续
Eg: She was doing homework when the bell rang.
铃声响的时候她正在做作业。
while"当...时候"，从句与主句一般皆用进行时态，且从句谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
Eg: My mum was cooking while my father was watching TV.
我爸爸在看电视的时候妈妈在做饭。
* after"在...之后"，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
Eg: You can watch TV after you read a book.
你读书之后可以看电视。
before"在...之前"，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
Eg: You must wash your hand before you have dinner.
你吃饭前必须洗手。
until/till"直到..."，常与not连用，构成 not...until"直到...才"
Eg: I didn't go to bed until my mum came back.
直到妈妈回来我才去睡觉。
since"自...以来"，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Eg: I have learned English since I was eight years old.
我从八岁学英语。
as soon as"一...就"，引导的从句常用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
Eg: I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
我一到那就给你打电话。
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词：
if"如果"，引导的条件状语从句需遵循"主将从现"原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
Eg: He will attend the meeting if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好，他就去参加会议。
unless"除非；如果不",unless可以转化为"if...not..."结构，主从句的时态与if引导的条件状语从句一致。
Eg: You will forget it unless you use it.
你会忘记它除非你用它。
* as soon as"只要"，引导的条件状语从句同if引导的一致。
Eg: As soon as you study hard, you will pass the exam.
只要你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
3.引导让步状语从句的从属连词：
though"尽管"
Eg: I had to go to work though it rained heavily.
我不得不去工作尽管雨下得大。
although"尽管"，可与though互换。
Eg: Although it rained heavily, I had to go to work.
尽管雨下得大，但是我不得不去上班。
even though/if"即使"
Eg: Even though/if I have enough time, I don't want to go there with him.
即使我有足够的时间，我也不想和他去那。
注意：引导让步状语从句时，不能与but同时使用。
4.引导原因状语从句的从属连词：
because"因为"，回答用why引导的问句，不能和so同时使用。
Eg: -- Why were you late for school today
你今天为什么上学迟到
--Because I got up late.
因为我起来晚了。
since"既然"，语气比because弱，表示对方已知的原因。
Eg:Since he says so, it must be true.
既然你这么说，那一定是真的。
* as"由于；因为"，语气比since弱。as引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。
Eg: Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
因为天黑了妈妈开始担心我的弟弟。
5.引导结果状语从句的从属连词：
*so...that..."如此...以至于",so后面需跟形容词或副词。
Eg: This boy is so young that he can't dress himself.
这个男孩如此年轻以至于他不会给自己穿衣服。
such...that..."如此...以至于..."such后面需跟名词。
Eg: He is such a young boy that he can't dress himself.
他是如此年轻的男孩以至于他不会自己穿衣服。
6.引导目的状语从句的从属连词：
so that"以便于, "in order that"为了"二者可进行互换。
Eg: I get up early so that I can catch the first bus.
= I get up early in order that I can catch the first bus.
我起得早为了能赶上头班车。
二、写作解析
本单元写作主题为"感谢信"
常用句型
1.Thank you for helping me to ...
感谢你帮我...
Thank you very much for your...
非常感谢你...
3.On that day, I ..., and you helped me to ...
那一天，我...，你帮我...
4.I am very thankful because...
我非常感谢因为...
5.I didn't/ couldn't ..., but you ...
我不能...，但是你...
6.When I ..., you were there to ...
当我...你在那...
(二)写作思路
1.The person I want to thank...
我想要感谢的人...
2.What difficulties I faced...
我面临什么样的困难
3.How she/ he helped me
她/他怎么帮我的
(三)范文
Dear Miss Wang,
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help, my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always stood by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience. Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共33张PPT)
Unit 3 Growing Up
八年级
人教版2024
下
语法+写作解析
一、语法解析
连词
(一)定义
连词是用来连接单词，短语，从句或句子的词。连词是一种虚词，不能独立担任句子成分，在句子和句子的各种成分中起连接作用。
Eg: Lily likes English but she can't speak well.
丽丽喜欢英语但是她说得不好。
My father was reading a book when my mum was cooking.
我妈妈在做饭时爸爸在读书。
(二)分类
1.并列连词：连接同等成分的词叫并列连词。
同等成分可以是单词，短语，分句或句子。连接两个句子时，构成并列句。
Eg:They like apples and bananas.
他们喜欢苹果和香蕉。
He is Chinese and he is in Class One.
他是中国人他在一班。
Eg:They like apples and bananas.
他们喜欢苹果和香蕉。
He is Chinese and he is in Class One.
他是中国人他在一班。
2.从属连词：把从句和主句连接起来的词叫从属连词。
从属连词分为引导名词性从句和副词性从句的连词。
Eg: I think that he is from England.(引导名词性从句)
我觉得他来自英国。
I was late because it rained heavily.(引导副词性从句)
我迟到了因为雨下得很大。
(三)功能
连词的功能就是在句子中起连接作用。它们所连接的成分，成分的数量以及它们在连接成分中的位置方面并不完全相同。
连词在连接两个分句时总是置于其中一个分句之首。
Eg: We will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨我们将去公园。
*并列连词and,or和but所连接的分句与前面的分句位置固定，不能调换。
Eg: The factory was opened two years ago and it closed down yesterday.
这个工厂两年前开业昨天倒闭了。
*使用并列连词and,or和but就不能用其他连词，而从属连词则可以使用。
Eg:She is the woman that I met yesterday and that is from America.
(从属连词that前有并列连词and)
她是我昨天见到的女士她来自美国。
(四)并列连词
1.表示平行关系的连词及短语
平行关系的并列连词使用中要注意连词前后的成分一般是对等的。
Eg: One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting them.
一个人可以通过犯错误和改正错误来学习一门语言。
and"和"，表并列或顺承关系。
Eg: I am doing homework and he is doing homework, too.
我正在做作业并且他也正在做作业。
both...and..."两者都..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America.
丽丽和露西都来自美国。
not only...but also..."不但...而且..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。
Eg: Not only you but also he wants to buy this book.
不仅你而且他也想买这本书。
neither...nor..."两者都不..."，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则。
Eg:Neither you nor he likes apples.
你和他都不喜欢苹果。
2.表转折关系的连词及短语
表转折关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但意义是相反的。
Eg: I don't have a soccer ball, but my brother does.
我没有足球但是我哥哥有。
but"但是"，表转折关系
Eg: My father is watching TV but my mother is cooking。我的爸爸在看电视但我的妈妈在做饭。
* however"然而"，表转折关系
Eg: He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。
3.表选择关系的连词及短语
表示选择关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但是意思是有所取舍的。
Eg: You may either stay here or go with me.
你可以呆在这儿，也可以跟我去。
or"或者"，表选择关系
Eg: Do you like apples or pears
你喜欢苹果还是梨
either...or..."或者...或者...",连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循临近原则
Eg: Either you or he is right.
不是你对了就是他对了。
4.表因果关系的连词及短语
表示因果关系的并列连词在使用中要注意连词前后的成分是对等的，但前后两分句一个表示原因，一个表示结果。
Eg: It must be morning now, for birds are singing.
现在一定是早上，因为鸟儿正在唱歌。
for"因为"，表原因关系
Eg: Mike must be at home, for the light in his room is on.
迈克肯定在家，因为他房间里面的等亮着。
so"所以"，表因果关系
Eg: There is so much haze around us, so we should do something to protect theenvironment.
我们身边有这么多的雾霾，所以我们应该做些事来保护环境。
(五)从属连词
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词：
when"当...时候"，从句用一般过去时，主句过去进行时，从句动词可以是延续性也可是非延续
Eg: She was doing homework when the bell rang.
铃声响的时候她正在做作业。
while"当...时候"，从句与主句一般皆用进行时态，且从句谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
Eg: My mum was cooking while my father was watching TV.
我爸爸在看电视的时候妈妈在做饭。
* after"在...之后"，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
Eg: You can watch TV after you read a book.
你读书之后可以看电视。
before"在...之前"，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
Eg: You must wash your hand before you have dinner.
你吃饭前必须洗手。
until/till"直到..."，常与not连用，构成 not...until"直到...才"
Eg: I didn't go to bed until my mum came back.
直到妈妈回来我才去睡觉。
since"自...以来"，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Eg: I have learned English since I was eight years old.
我从八岁学英语。
as soon as"一...就"，引导的从句常用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
Eg: I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
我一到那就给你打电话。
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词：
if"如果"，引导的条件状语从句需遵循"主将从现"原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
Eg: He will attend the meeting if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好，他就去参加会议。
unless"除非；如果不",unless可以转化为"if...not..."结构，主从句的时态与if引导的条件状语从句一致。
Eg: You will forget it unless you use it.
你会忘记它除非你用它。
* as soon as"只要"，引导的条件状语从句同if引导的一致。
Eg: As soon as you study hard, you will pass the exam.
只要你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
3.引导让步状语从句的从属连词：
though"尽管"
Eg: I had to go to work though it rained heavily.
我不得不去工作尽管雨下得大。
although"尽管"，可与though互换。
Eg: Although it rained heavily, I had to go to work.
尽管雨下得大，但是我不得不去上班。
even though/if"即使"
Eg: Even though/if I have enough time, I don't want to go there with him.
即使我有足够的时间，我也不想和他去那。
注意：引导让步状语从句时，不能与but同时使用。
4.引导原因状语从句的从属连词：
because"因为"，回答用why引导的问句，不能和so同时使用。
Eg: -- Why were you late for school today
你今天为什么上学迟到
--Because I got up late.
因为我起来晚了。
since"既然"，语气比because弱，表示对方已知的原因。
Eg:Since he says so, it must be true.
既然你这么说，那一定是真的。
* as"由于；因为"，语气比since弱。as引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。
Eg: Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
因为天黑了妈妈开始担心我的弟弟。
5.引导结果状语从句的从属连词：
*so...that..."如此...以至于",so后面需跟形容词或副词。
Eg: This boy is so young that he can't dress himself.
这个男孩如此年轻以至于他不会给自己穿衣服。
such...that..."如此...以至于..."such后面需跟名词。
Eg: He is such a young boy that he can't dress himself.
他是如此年轻的男孩以至于他不会自己穿衣服。
6.引导目的状语从句的从属连词：
so that"以便于, "in order that"为了"二者可进行互换。
Eg: I get up early so that I can catch the first bus.
= I get up early in order that I can catch the first bus.
我起得早为了能赶上头班车。
二、写作解析
本单元写作主题为"感谢信"
常用句型
1.Thank you for helping me to ...
感谢你帮我...
Thank you very much for your...
非常感谢你...
3.On that day, I ..., and you helped me to ...
那一天，我...，你帮我...
4.I am very thankful because...
我非常感谢因为...
5.I didn't/ couldn't ..., but you ...
我不能...，但是你...
6.When I ..., you were there to ...
当我...你在那...
(二)写作思路
1.The person I want to thank...
我想要感谢的人...
2.What difficulties I faced...
我面临什么样的困难
3.How she/ he helped me
她/他怎么帮我的
(三)范文
Dear Miss Wang,
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help, my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always stood by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience. Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
Thanks!
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