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Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth.
人教新目标版 九年级上
SectionA 2d
Grammar Focus-4c公开课
Learning objectives
1. 在语境中理解、识记并运用本课时词汇：take part in,
afford,turn off,reusable,pay for,take action, transportation 等。
2.通过学习2d的访谈，使用“We should...” 和 “...instead of...”等句型，提出至少三条具体的环保建议。
3.能准确识别并理解现在进行时、used to 结构、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词这五种语法结构的形式与含义，梳理它们在环保主题语境中的具体用法及语法功能。
4. 能够总结环境问题及其原因并提出简单的建议，提升对人与自然关系的认识。
Do you still remember the interview
The interviewer asked Jason and Susan some questions
about environmental problems.
Revision
What problems did they mention
Jason thinks that the air is _____________.
Problem 1:
Causes:
1) There are _________ on the road.
2) Factories also _____________ with a lot of ___________.
badly polluted
more cars
pollute the air
black smoke
v. 污染 n.污染
Revision
What problems did they mention
Susan thinks that there’s too much _______ and _____ in the streets.
Problem 2:
Causes:
1) People ________________ things like _______
(wood) chopsticks, plastic bowls and plastic bags.
2) People __________ in public places.
rubbish
are throwing away
v. 浪费 n.废弃物
waste
wooden
adj. 木制的
are littering
Revision
Did they talk about the solution
n. 解决办法
v. solve 解决
solve the problem(解决问题)
In the first part of the interview, they didn’t talk about the solution.
Now, let’s listen to the second part of the interview!
Lead-in
What are they talking about in the second part of the interview
Jason and Susan, what are your ideas
for ____________________
solving these problems
air pollution
waste pollution
There’s too much waste and rubbish in the streets.
The air is badly polluted.
Presentation
Ways to solve the air pollution:
We should ____________________
instead of driving.
We should __________.
take the bus or subway
ride a bike
It doesn’t cost anything.
It’s good for health.
Read the conversation in 2d and fill in the chart.
Ways to solve the waste pollution:
Simple things like ____________
to ___________ can help.
I never take ________________ or ___________ when I buy takeaway food.
_______________________ and keep public places _________
________ for everyone.
bringing a bag
go shopping
wooden chopsticks
plastic forks
Throw rubbish in the bins
clean and
beautiful
Read the conversation in 2d and fill in the chart.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these
problems
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or
subway instead of driving.
Susan: Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages of bike riding.
It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution
减少；砍倒
Role-play the conversation.
2d
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go
shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
Jason: Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks
when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home.
Susan: And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public
places clean and beautiful for everyone.
Interviewer: So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a
better future!
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
有作用；有影响
difference前可用big等词修饰
导致；通向
make a difference to 对……有影响或作用
Language points
1.Well,to cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
cut down 砍倒； 减少 People cut down many trees so a lot of
animals lose their homes.人们砍倒了很多树，因此大量的动物失去了它们的家。
cut off 切掉 The doctor had to cut off his arm to save his life.为了挽救他的生命，医生不得不将他的胳膊截肢。
cut out 删除 You can cut out the unimportant details.
你可以删掉不重要的细节。
cut up 切碎 Cut up the meat，please.请把肉切碎。
2.It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
cost v. 花费；使付出.指花费金钱，主语通常是物。
cost的过去式和过去分词均为cost。
e.g.The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan.
王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
How much does the new computer
cost 新电脑花了多少钱？
【拓展延伸】cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Could you tell me the cost of the trip
【辨析】　take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示
“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
例词 主语 宾语 常用结构
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s) some time/ money on sth.某人花费时间/金钱在某事上
sb. spend(s) some time/ money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
take 常用it作形式主语 时间 it takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付费
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当形式填空。
1. That new car ________ them lots of money.
2. Mona __________ 50 yuan on the books just now.
3. It usually _______ me an hour to do my homework.
4. You should __________ some time practising your pronunciation.
5. My brother _______ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.
cost
spent
takes
spend
paid
3.So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!
make a difference (to…)表示(对……)产生影响或作用;
有关difference的短语：
make no difference 对……没有影响
make some difference 对……有些影响
make a difference between 对……区别对待
eg: Learning English well can make a difference to your future.学好英语会对你的前途有影响。
The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.
新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
Retell the conversation by filling in the blanks.
An interviewer is asking Susan and Jason their opinions on _______ polluted problems. Jason suggests taking the bus or subway __________ driving can help ___________ the air pollution. Susan adds other___________ of bike riding. It ____________ health and it doesn’t _______ anything. Susan also says simple things _____ bringing a bag while go shopping can help. And Jason never uses _________ chopsticks or _______ forks when he buys _________ food. Susan reminds people to _____________ throw rubbish in the bins ________ the public places clean and beautiful. If people work together, their actions will ________________ and ________ a better future.
solving
instead of
cut down
advantages
is good for
cost
like
wooden
plastic
takeaway
remember to
to keep
make a difference
lead to
Consolidation
Role-play the conversation in 2d.
Try not to look at your book.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what ...
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should ....
Susan: Yeah, ...
Interviewer: Great ideas! What ...
Susan: Mmm, I think ...
Jason: Me, too....
Susan: And ...
Interviewer: So
Role play
We’re trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
The air is badly polluted.
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
We should help save the sharks.
Read the following sentences and find out the grammar items.
Grammar Focus
Present progressive
used to
Passive voice
Present perfect
Modal verbs
Grammar focus
Work in groups and talk about one point .
Group one
The river used to be clean.
Did the river use to be clean
The river didn’t use to be clean.
Yes,it did./ No, it didn’t.
1.结构
used to do sth
didn’t use to do sth
Did ...use to do sth
Yes,...did./No,...didn’t.
used to do sth
过去常常做某事，现在没做了。
use not to do sth
Used... to do sth
be used to doing sth
习惯于做某事。
be used to do sth
被用于做某事。
Practice
1.You used _________ (go) to school by bike，didn't you
2. 我习惯于晚饭后打篮球。
I ____ ____ ____ _____basketball after dinner.
3.这种小刀是用来切东西的。
This kind of knife ____ ____ ____ ____ things.
4.He used to spend much time playing computer games.（改一般疑问句）
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ much time playing computer games
to go
am used to playing
are used to cut
Did he use to spend
Group two
Some laws are developed to stop the pollution.
These trees were cut down by the workers last night.
In the future , more and more work will be done by the robots.
I think teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
被动语态
被动语态构成
be +过去分词
一般现在时被动语态
am/is/are +done
一般过去时被动语态
was/were+done
一般将来时被动语态
will be +done
有情态动词被动语态
情态动词 +done
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Secondary School Entrance Exam _______ (hold) in June.
2. A strange noise __________ (hear) by his mother last night.
3. A wide road _____________ (build) between the two villages by those people next year.
4.Actions should______________(take) to protect the earth.
is held
was heard
will be built
be taken
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
情态动词
Practice
Group three
Everyone should take part in saving the earth.
He can’t play the guitar.
They may have finished the task last month.
情态动词
1.情态动词+动词原形
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
3. 常用的情态动词有：can/could, may/might,
must/have to,should/ought to, would,need 等。
Practice
1. —Could you play the piano at the age of five
—No, I ______. I started at six.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
2. —Must I return this book before Friday, Sir
—No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. —How long can I keep these books
—According to the library rules, you ________ return them within 7 days.
A. must B. might C. could D.will
4. —You ________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. must B. need C. mustn’t D. needn’t
Group four
People are throwing rubbish to the river.
Factories are putting waste into the river.
现在进行时
现在进行时结构
be（am,is,are)
现在进行时含义
①表示正在发生或者进行的动作。
②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
标志性词
now, right now,Look! Listen !
Group four
写出下面动词的现在分词。
1.make _______ 2.stop _______ 3.begin _______ 4.watch _______ 5.buy ________ 6.save _______
7.put ________ 8.listen _______ 9.drive _______ 10.see _______
现在分词构成
1.一般情况下，直接+ing。
making
stopping
beginning
watching
buying
saving
putting
listening
driving
seeing
2.以不发音的e结尾的，去e再加+ing。
3.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅 音字母的，双写这个辅音字母再加+ing。
现在分词
Practice
1. Look! Some old people ________ in the park.
A. sings B. sing C. are singing
2. —Don’t make noise! The children ________online.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. studies B. are studying
C. studied D. were studying
3. —Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A. will write B. am writing
C. wrote D. have written
Group five
The government has taken actions.
He has kept this book for two weeks.
Her grandfather has been dead for ten years.
My mother has gone to Hong Kong.
Mary has never been to the USA.
现在完成时构成
现在完成时
have/has +过去分词
现在完成时含义
①表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。
②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并还有可能继续下去的动作。
标志性词
already, yet, ever, never, just, before,
once, so far, recently, for, since.
Group five
写出下面动词的过去分词。
1.clean _______ 2.live _______ 3.study _______ 4.plan _______ 5.put ________ 6.begin _______
7.teach________ 8.get _______ 9.drive _______ 10.see _______
cleaned
lived
studied
planned
put
begun
taught
got
driven
seen
过去分词的规则变化
1.一般情况下，直接+ed。
2.以字母e结尾的，直接＋d。
4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的， 双写这个辅音字母再加+ed。
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，将y改为i再加＋ed。
过去分词
Group five
不规则动词的过去分词(详情见书后附录）
原形 过去式 过去分词
AAA型 put put put
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 become became become
ABB型 get got got
ABC型 begin began begun
Practice
1.In the past few years, great changes__________ (take) place in Lianyungang.
2.I ___________ (not read) the book Little Women yet, but I'll let you read it first.
3.He ____________(not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him
4.They __________________ (marry) for fifty years.
5.Linda_____________(live) here since she was five years old.
has taken
haven’t read
hasn’t come
have been married
has lived
for+一段时间
since+过去时间点/从句（一般过去时）
Practice
6.I _______ to the West Lake four times, but I will go there again this summer.
A．have gone B．have been C．had gone
7.—Where is Mr. Brown
—He ________ Australia. He ________ there last year.
A．has been to; has been B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; went
8.I _______Shijiazhuang for three years.
A.have been to B.have been in C.have gone to
have/has been to
去过某地，已经回来了。
have/has gone to
去了某地，还未回来
have/has been in 在某地多长时间
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4a
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ____ ever ____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
参加
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000 people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve
the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait) any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
4b
People______think that big things ______ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _______ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _____ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you ________ take the bus. All these small things ________ add up and become big things that _______ improve the environment. Let’s take actions now!
can would could have to should must may/might
may
must
could
could
should
have to
can
can
would
adj. 可重复使用的；可再次使用的
付费；付出代价
采取行动
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
4c
I think that everyone should use public transportation.
I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation...
use public transportation
n. 运输业；交通运输
It's everyone’s duty to protect the environment. And it should begin from every aspect of our daily life. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the earth can we save ourselves.
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