2026年春译林版八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present.同步词汇笔记(学案)

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2026年春译林版八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present.同步词汇笔记(学案)

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译林版 八下 Unit 1 Past and present.同步词汇笔记
序号 单词 派生词 常考搭配 例句 易错点提醒
1 underground / nd ɡra nd/ n. 地铁 无 1. take the underground(乘地铁)2. by underground(坐地铁) Taking the underground is fast in big cities.(在大城市里乘地铁很快。) 搭配易错:by underground 不加the,勿写为by the underground
2 speed /spi d/ n. 速度 无 1. high speed(高速)2. at the speed of(以……速度) The car is running at a high speed on the highway.(汽车在高速公路上高速行驶。) 词性拓展易错:动词过去式/分词为sped/sped,易误写为speeded
3 high-speed train / ha spi d tre n/ n. 高速列车 无 1. take a high-speed train(乘高铁)2. high-speed train ticket(高铁票) We will take a high-speed train to Beijing tomorrow.(我们明天要乘高铁去北京。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为high speed train
4 used to / ju st tu/ — 曾经 无 1. used to do sth.(过去常常做某事)2. didn’t use to do sth.(过去不常做某事) He used to play basketball after school.(他过去常常放学后打篮球。) 搭配辨析易错:易与be used to doing(习惯于做某事)混淆
5 crowded / kra d d/ adj. 拥挤的 crowd n. 人群;v. 拥挤 1. crowded street(拥挤的街道)2. be crowded with(挤满……) The supermarket is crowded with people on weekends.(周末超市里挤满了人。) 派生词搭配易错:crowd 作动词时常用crowd into(挤进)
6 convenient /k n vi ni nt/ adj. 方便的 convenience n. 便利 1. convenient time(方便的时间)2. it’s convenient to do sth.(做某事很方便) It’s convenient to go shopping near my home.(我家附近购物很方便。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母n,勿写为convinient
7 innovation / n ve n/ n. 创新 innovate v. 创新(初中拓展) 1. technological innovation(科技创新)2. make innovations(进行创新) This new machine is a great innovation in our factory.(这台新机器是我们工厂的一项重大创新。) 拼写易错:多音节词易漏写字母,可拆分记忆in-no-va-tion
8 southern / s n/ adj. 南部的,南方的 south n. 南方;adj. 南方的 1. southern China(中国南方)2. southern cities(南方城市) Rice is the main crop in southern China.(水稻是中国南方的主要农作物。) 词性辨析易错:south 可作名词/形容词,southern 仅作形容词
9 high-tech / ha tek/ adj. 高技术的,高科技的 无 1. high-tech products(高科技产品)2. high-tech company(高科技公司) This high-tech watch can make phone calls.(这款高科技手表可以打电话。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为high tech,中间加连字符
10 pioneer / pa n / n. 先锋,先驱 无 1. a pioneer of science(科学先驱)2. pioneer in sth.(某领域的开拓者) Yuan Longping is a pioneer of hybrid rice in China.(袁隆平是中国杂交水稻的先驱。) 发音易错:重音在第二个音节,勿读成 pioneer
11 reform /r f m/ n. 改革 无 1. education reform(教育改革)2. economic reform(经济改革) The reform has improved people’s living standards.(这项改革提高了人们的生活水平。) 发音易错:动词/名词重音均在第二个音节,勿读成 reform
12 very / veri/ adj. 最……的,十足的 无 1. the very person(正是那个人)2. the very beginning(刚开始) She is the very girl I want to find.(她正是我要找的那个女孩。) 词性辨析易错:此处为形容词,易与副词very(非常)混淆
13 at the heart of / t hɑ t v/ — 在……的核心 无 1. at the heart of the city(在市中心)2. at the heart of the problem(问题的核心) The park is at the heart of our community.(这个公园在我们社区的中心位置。) 搭配易错:heart 前必须加the,不可说at heart of
14 technology /tek n l d i/ (=tech) n. 技术 technological adj. 技术的 1. modern technology(现代技术)2. science and technology(科技) Technology makes our life more convenient.(技术让我们的生活更便利。) 拼写易错:多音节词易漏写字母,可拆分记忆tech-no-lo-gy
15 industry / nd stri/ n. 行业;工业 industrial adj. 工业的 1. computer industry(计算机行业)2. heavy industry(重工业) The car industry is developing fast in China.(中国的汽车行业发展迅速。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母s,勿写为indutry
16 giant / d a nt/ n. 大公司;巨人 无 1. a tech giant(科技巨头)2. a giant in the industry(行业巨头) Huawei is a giant in the communication industry.(华为是通信行业的巨头。) 词义辨析易错:注意“大公司”和“巨人”的不同含义
17 lead /li d/ vt.&vi./n. 引领;领导/领先地位;负责人 leader n. 领导者 1. lead the way(引路)2. take the lead(领先) She leads her team to finish the task successfully.(她带领团队成功完成了任务。) 发音易错:动词读/li d/,过去式/分词led读/led/,易混淆
18 move /mu v/ n. 改变,转变,动摇 move v. 移动;搬家 1. a great move(一项重大举措)2. make a move(采取行动) This is a smart move for the company’s development.(这对公司的发展是一项明智的举措。) 词义辨析易错:易与动词move(移动)的含义混淆
19 wealth /welθ/ n. 大量,丰富,财富 wealthy adj. 富有的 1. a wealth of knowledge(丰富的知识)2. create wealth(创造财富) Reading can bring us a wealth of information.(阅读能给我们带来丰富的信息。) 不可数名词易错:无复数形式,不可加s
20 a wealth of / welθ v/ — 大量的,丰富的 无 1. a wealth of experience(丰富的经验)2. a wealth of resources(丰富的资源) The library has a wealth of books for students.(图书馆为学生们提供了丰富的书籍。) 搭配易错:后接不可数名词或可数名词复数
21 excellent / eks l nt/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的 无 1. excellent student(优秀学生)2. excellent work(出色的工作) She got an excellent grade in the English exam.(她在英语考试中取得了优异的成绩。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母l,勿写为exellent
22 educational / ed u ke nl/ adj. 教育的,有关教育的 education n. 教育 1. educational software(教育软件)2. educational program(教育节目) This TV show is both interesting and educational.(这个电视节目既有趣又有教育意义。) 拼写易错:多音节词易漏写字母,可拆分记忆edu-ca-tion-al
23 award / w d/ n. 奖,奖项 无 1. win an award(获奖)2. give an award(颁奖) He won the best actor award in the film festival.(他在电影节上获得了最佳男演员奖。) 发音易错:重音在第二个音节,勿读成 award
24 public / p bl k/ n./adj. 民众/公共的;公众的 无 1. public place(公共场所)2. in public(公开地) We should not speak loudly in public places.(我们不应该在公共场所大声说话。) 搭配易错:in public 不加the,不可说in the public
25 citizen / s t zn/ n. 居民,市民;公民 无 1. good citizen(好公民)2. citizen of the country(国家公民) Every citizen should obey the law.(每个公民都应该遵守法律。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母t,勿写为ciizen
26 greenway / ɡri nwe / n. 林荫道 无 1. walk along the greenway(沿着林荫道散步)2. city greenway(城市绿道) People like to jog on the greenway in the morning.(人们喜欢早上在林荫道上慢跑。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为green way
27 electric / lektr k/ adj. 电动的 electricity n. 电 1. electric car(电动汽车)2. electric fan(电风扇) My father bought an electric bike last month.(我爸爸上个月买了一辆电动车。) 词义辨析易错:易与electrical(与电有关的)混淆
28 planner / pl n / n. 设计者,规划者 plan v./n. 计划 1. city planner(城市规划师)2. project planner(项目规划师) The planner is designing a new park for the city.(这位规划师正在为城市设计一个新公园。) 拼写易错:勿写成planer,双写n加er
29 since /s ns/ prep.&conj. 自……以来 无 1. since 2020(自2020年以来)2. since I was a child(从我小时候起) I have lived in this city since I was born.(我从出生起就住在这座城市。) 时态易错:主句常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时
30 development /d vel pm nt/ n. 发展,成长 develop v. 发展 1. economic development(经济发展)2. the development of science(科学的发展) The development of the Internet changes our life.(互联网的发展改变了我们的生活。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母p,勿写为develoment
31 pioneering / pa n r / adj. 开拓性的 pioneer n./v. 先驱;开拓 1. pioneering work(开拓性工作)2. pioneering spirit(开拓精神) His pioneering research helped many people.(他的开拓性研究帮助了很多人。) 拼写易错:双写n,勿写成pioneering
32 creativity / kri e t v ti/ n. 创造力 creative adj. 有创造力的 1. develop creativity(培养创造力)2. full of creativity(充满创造力) Painting can help children develop their creativity.(绘画能帮助孩子培养创造力。) 拼写易错:多音节词易漏写字母e,勿写为creativity
33 certainly / s tnli/ adv. 无疑,肯定 certain adj. 确定的 1. certainly not(当然不)2. certainly yes(当然是) —Can you help me —Certainly!(—你能帮我吗?—当然可以!) 拼写易错:勿写成certainly,注意中间是ain不是ein
34 key /ki / n./adj. 关键;键/关键的 无 1. key point(关键点)2. key factor(关键因素) Hard work is the key to success.(努力是成功的关键。) 搭配易错:the key to 后接名词或动名词,不可接不定式
35 make a living /me k l v / — 谋生 无 1. make a living by farming(靠务农谋生)2. make a living as a teacher(以当老师为生) His father makes a living by repairing cars.(他爸爸靠修车谋生。) 搭配易错:living 前必须加a,不可说make living
36 world-famous / w ld fe m s/ adj. 举世闻名的 无 1. world-famous city(举世闻名的城市)2. world-famous singer(世界著名歌手) The Great Wall is a world-famous place of interest.(长城是举世闻名的名胜古迹。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为world famous
37 transport / tr nsp t/ n. 交通运输系统 transport v. 运输 1. public transport(公共交通)2. transport system(交通系统) Public transport is very convenient in this city.(这座城市的公共交通很便利。) 美式拼写为transportation,中考两种拼写均认可
38 recently / ri sntli/ adv. 最近 recent adj. 近来的 1. recently bought(最近买的)2. recently heard(最近听说的) I have recently read a very interesting book.(我最近读了一本很有趣的书。) 拼写易错:勿写成recently,双写n
39 already / l redi/ adv. 已经,早已 无 1. already finished(已经完成)2. already know(已经知道) He has already finished his homework.(他已经完成了作业。) 位置易错:常用于现在完成时,放在助动词后、实义动词前
40 yet /jet/ adv. 尚(未),还 无 1. not yet(还没有)2. have yet to do(尚未做) —Have you finished the work —Not yet.(—你完成工作了吗?—还没有。) 用法易错:常用于否定句和疑问句,放在句末
41 reporter /r p t / n. 记者 report v./n. 报道;报告 1. news reporter(新闻记者)2. TV reporter(电视台记者) The reporter is interviewing a famous writer.(这位记者正在采访一位著名作家。) 拼写易错:勿写成reporter,双写r
42 fall in love with /f l n l v w / — 爱上…… 无 1. fall in love with a city(爱上一座城市)2. fall in love with music(爱上音乐) She fell in love with Paris when she first visited it.(她第一次去巴黎就爱上了这座城市。) 时态易错:过去式为fell in love with,易误写为fall
43 line /la n/ n. (交通)路线;线;行列 无 1. bus line(公交线路)2. wait in line(排队等候) There is a new subway line in our city.(我们城市新开通了一条地铁线路。) 词义辨析易错:注意“交通路线”“线条”“行列”的不同含义
44 step /step/ vi. 迈步,踩,踏,行走 无 1. step forward(向前迈步)2. step on the grass(踩草坪) She stepped into the room quietly.(她悄悄地走进了房间。) 过去式/分词易错:stepped/stepped,双写p
45 wide /wa d/ adj. 宽的,宽阔的 widely adv. 广泛地 1. wide road(宽阔的马路)2. wide river(宽阔的河流) The street is wide enough for two cars to pass.(这条街宽得可以容两辆车通过。) 副词辨析易错:wide 表“充分地”,widely 表“广泛地”
46 row /r / n. 一排,一列,一行 无 1. a row of trees(一排树)2. sit in the front row(坐在前排) We sat in the same row at the cinema.(我们在电影院坐在同一排。) 发音易错:表“排”时读/r /,表“划船”时读/ra /
47 muddy / m di/ adj. 泥泞的 mud n. 泥 1. muddy road(泥泞的道路)2. muddy shoes(沾满泥的鞋子) We can’t walk on the muddy road after the rain.(雨后我们不能在泥泞的路上走。) 拼写易错:双写d加y,勿写成muddy
48 villager / v l d / n. 村民 village n. 村庄 1. local villagers(当地村民)2. villager’s life(村民的生活) The villagers are very friendly to tourists.(村民们对游客很友好。) 拼写易错:勿写成villager,双写l
49 recent / ri snt/ adj. 近来的,新近的 recently adv. 最近 1. recent news(最近的新闻)2. recent study(近期的研究) There is a recent report about this problem.(有一份关于这个问题的最新报告。) 拼写易错:双写n,勿写成recent
50 hopeful / h pfl/ adj. 抱有希望的,满怀希望的 hope v./n. 希望 1. hopeful about the future(对未来充满希望)2. hopeful news(令人鼓舞的消息) We are hopeful that we will win the match.(我们对赢得比赛充满希望。) 拼写易错:勿写成hopeful,e变ul
51 guest /ɡest/ n. 旅客,房客;客人 无 1. hotel guest(酒店客人)2. welcome guests(欢迎客人) The hotel provides good service for its guests.(这家酒店为客人提供优质的服务。) 词义辨析易错:易与customer(顾客)混淆
52 guest house /ɡest ha s/ n. 小旅馆 无 1. stay in a guest house(住在小旅馆)2. a family guest house(家庭式小旅馆) We stayed in a small guest house during the trip.(旅行期间我们住在一家小旅馆里。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为guesthouse(连写也可,中考均认可)
53 tourism / t r z m/ n. 旅游业,观光业 tourist n. 游客 1. develop tourism(发展旅游业)2. tourism industry(旅游业) Tourism is an important part of this city’s economy.(旅游业是这座城市经济的重要部分。) 不可数名词易错:无复数形式,不可加s
54 theme /θi m/ n. 主题 无 1. party theme(派对主题)2. theme song(主题曲) The theme of the book is love and peace.(这本书的主题是爱与和平。) 发音易错:注意/th/发音,勿读成/si m/
55 theme park /θi m pɑ k/ n. 主题乐园 无 1. visit a theme park(参观主题乐园)2. a famous theme park(著名的主题乐园) Children like to go to the theme park on weekends.(孩子们喜欢周末去主题乐园。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为theme park(分开写也可)
56 opinion / p nj n/ n. 看法,想法 无 1. in one’s opinion(在某人看来)2. different opinions(不同的看法) In my opinion, reading is a good habit.(在我看来,阅读是个好习惯。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母i,勿写为opinion
57 common / k m n/ adj. 普遍的;共同的 无 1. common hobby(共同的爱好)2. common mistake(常见的错误) It’s a common problem for students.(这是学生们的一个常见问题。) 搭配易错:common sense(常识),不可说common knowledge
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