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(共16张PPT)
Period 2
Learning About Language
Unit 1
Science and scientists
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。含表语从句的主从复合句的结构：主语＋系动词＋引导词＋表语从句。
表语从句
定语从句引导词：
关系代词 (从句中做主宾表定)：that，which, who, as, whom, whose
关系副词(从句中做状语)：when, where, why(先行词reason)
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
连接词（从句中不做任何成分）：that, whether, if(是否)
because因为, as if/ though好像(表从)
连接代词（从句中做主宾表定）：what, who, which, whom, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever
连接副词（从句中做状语）：where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever, however, how long/much many/ soon/ often...
一、定语从句和名词性从句的引导词
注意事项（一）：从属连词that和whether引导的表语从句
①that无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分，且不可省略；
②whether起连接作用，意为“是否”，在表语从句不充当句子成分，且不能与if互换，此时主句的主语常是抽象名词，如problem，question，reason，suggestion，chance，result。
The trouble is that she hasn’t found substantial （确凿的）proofs.
The real issue is whether we have enough time to complete the task.
注意事项（二）连接代词引导的表语从句
连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/...引导表语从句时，除了在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分，且本身具有词义。
The retired mechanic is no longer what he was.(what在从句中作表语)
The most important is who will be in charge of the evening party. (who在从句中作主语)
What puzzled him was which room was reserved for him.(which在从句中作定语)The problem is whose pens these are.(whose在从句中作定语)
注意事项（三）连接副词引导的表语从句
连接副词when，where，why，how除了在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当时间、地点、原因和方式状语，本身具有词义。
The problem is how we can handle the difficult problem.
That’s where the famous astronomer is wrong.
This is why many tourists choose to stay in this hotel.
PS: when 和 where 的特殊用法
when: 1）什么时候 2）... 的时候
where: 1）哪里 2）...的地方
That is when he left home. 那是他离开家的时候。
That is where the accident happened. 那是事故发生的地方。
注意事项 （四）：why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That’s why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
The reason why...is that... 意为“……的原因是……”，此处why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句
He always finds fault with me and that’s _____I get angry with him.
他总是找我的茬。那就是我生他气的原因。
I get angry with him，and that’s __________he always finds fault with me.
我生他的气。那是因为他总找我的茬。
The reason why I get angry with him is _______he always finds fault with me.
我生他的气的原因是他总找我的茬。
why
because
that
注意事项（五）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
如果主语是advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order等时，表语从句谓语动词的形式：(should＋)动词原形。
My proposal is that you (should) take in foods high in protein.
我的建议是你应该摄入富含蛋白质的食物。
注意事项（六）as if/though引导的表语从句
常置于系动词look，seem，sound，appear等的后面，如果表示与实际情况相反的假设，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的时态要用一般过去式 (be 动词用were) 或过去完成时。
It seemed as if the world were at an end.
似乎世界到了尽头。
He was crying and it appeared as if he had known the truth.
他在哭，似乎他已经知道了真相。
[点津]　当as if/though引导的表语从句所表达的内容与真实情况相符，或极有可能发生或存在时，使用陈述语气。
Look at the dark clouds！It looks as if it is going to rain.
看那些乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。
Practice makes perfect.
1. The mountain is no longer ___________it used to be.
2. He drove a sick child to hospital on his way. That was ________ he was late for work today.
3. Last summer holidays were ________ she travelled around China with her parents.
4. Without his support, we wouldn't be ____________ we are now.
5. What surprised us was how/that he worked out the problem in such a short time.
6. My decision is ________all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
what
why
when
where/ what
that
7. What the students really doubt is __________ the sports meet can
be held on time.
8. This is______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties
and hope for the best.
9. He looks ______________ he hasn't had a square meal for weeks.
10. The truth is _________ she is the very person we are looking for.
11. The reason why he came late was __________he was caught in the traffic jam.　
12. I've just read a moving story about an earthquake. That is _________my eyes are filled with tears.
whether
what
as if/as though
that
that
why
13. You are saying that everyone should be to blame, and this is
___________I disagree.
14. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's __________ I
was born.”
15. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is________ my mother used to tell me.
16. I'd like to start my own business—that's _________ I'd do if I had
the money.
17. The question is __________ technology is going to be our servant or our master.
18. I think he's more of a doer than a talker, which is ________ he
can finish anything well.
where
where
what
what
whether
why
Ⅳ. 语法填空。
C.V.Raman, a great Indian physicist, was born in 1888. His father
was a lecturer in math and physics, so C.V.Raman was exposed
1._____scientific things from an early age. He 2.________ (attend) Presidency College in 1902, getting his BA in 1904 and MA
in 1907. Though he was a brilliant student, there weren't many 3.____________ (chance) for scientists in India at that time. 4.________,
after finishing his studies, he went to work for the Indian Finance
Department and carried out his experimental research on acoustics (声学).
to
attended
chances
Therefore
He 5._____________ (offer) a professorship in physics at the
University of Calcutta in 1917 and stayed for the next 15 years,
6.___________ (achieve) fame for his research there. In 1930,
he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the scattering of light.
Raman found 7.________ light passes through a transparent (透明的) sample of a substance, most of the light remains unchanged but a small part of it has 8._____________ (differ) wavelengths.
This later is 9.________ (know) as the Raman effect and is
useful for physical and chemical 10.______________ (analyse)
of gases, liquids and solids, including biological tissue.
was offered
achieving
when
different
known
analysis/analyses

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