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(共18张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Reading and Thinking:
Understand the questioning mind
stages in scientific research
Draw a conclusion
Collect data
Ask a question
Find a problem
Analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Think of a method
MALARIA
Who Defeated Cholera
Activity 1 : Predicting: What will be talked about
John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”
Who
How
What
Activity 2 : Read for the Structure
John Snow desired to ________ cholera.
John Snow decided to prove __________ theory.
Snow began his study by ___________________.
________________ of the infection of cholera.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
The results and the _____________of Snow’s work.
Para. 5
What & Who
How
Truth
Results
destroy
the second
marking on a map
The truth
significance
Read paras. 2-3 and complete the chart below.
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ___ or germs in ___________.
B: Snow ________
_______ the places where the people who ____ had lived.
C:
◆ Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
◆ Some people ________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
◆ A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
D: The pump water carried
_____________.
E: The ______ of the pump was removed.
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
1. conclusion 2. evidence 3. process 4. solution 5. theories
_________ _______ ______ ______ ______
air
food or water
marked on
a map
died
water pump
hadn't
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
handle
D
C
B
E
A
conclusion
evidence
process
solution
theories
Para 1 Who & What
John Snow
Cholera
a ______________________ doctor
became _________
never ________________________ _________ once and for all
British, young and famous
_____________ Queen Victoria
attended to
frustrated
lost his desire to destroy cholera
one of __________________ deseases
causes severe _____________ _________________________
millions of people __________
the disease in the early 19th century
the most feared
diarrhoea, dehydration and even death
died from
Read para1 and fill in the forms
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.① In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Theory one: _______
Theory two: _______
Symptoms
Symptoms（症状）
cough
sneeze
runny nose
Diarrhoea
dehydration
bad air caused the disease
an infection from germs in food or water
Para 2
What were the two theories and which did John Snow agree with
Snow subscribed to the second theory.
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
What method did Snow use
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street
Which houses had no death in Broad Street
Multiple deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.
Think of a method & Collect data & Anayse the results
Para.3
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. ②Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.③ It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Activity 5 : Read for information
Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get cholera.
Water companies began to sell clean water.
The threat of cholera around the world decreased.
He helped people know how to prevent cholera.
Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
2. What contributions did John Snow make
The Father of Modern Epidemiology
1. What caused the cholera in London besides the water pump in Broad Street in 1854
Truth
Para 4-5
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. ④The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Para4 Truth
⑤Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. ⑥Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Para5 Contributions
Q1:Where can you find the passage
A a science book B novel
C a travel guide D newspaper
Q2:What is the author's tone of writing the passage
A subjective B objective
C positive D negative
Q3: What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage
Post-reading
To tell readers how John Snow defeated cholera and his influence on scientific research.
Was cholera defeated completely
How to prevent the cholera
To prevent cholera from spreading, we'd better
drink pure or boiled water and eat clean food.
Activity 5 : Read for thinking
1. His professional knowledge.
2. His strong determination.
4. His scientific mind-set(思维模式).
(questioning mind / creative mind)
Why was it John Snow, not other doctors, who defeated
King Cholera
3. Scientific methods: the use of map and statistics

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