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牛津沪教英语八年级下册
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动词不定式的两种搭配
搭配一：动词 + to + 不定式
这类动词后直接接to + 动词原形，示例动词有：want（想要）、continue（继续）、offer（主动提出）、plan（计划）等。
搭配二：动词 + 宾语 + (to) + 不定
这类动词后需先接宾语，再接to + 动词原形（部分动词可省略to），示例动词有：encourage（鼓励）、tell（告诉）、ask（要求）等。
使役动词与感官动词后不定式省略to的用法
掌握see、hear、help、make、let等动词后接不带to的不定式的规则，能在对话和练习中正确运用。
Unit1 Helping those in need
Grammar
Lead in
01
Infinitive grammar rules
02
Causative verb
03
04
05
06
Summary
Exercise
Homework
CONTENTS
PART 01
动词+to+不定式
PART 02
动词+宾语+不定式
Lead in
01
Lead in
Let’s enjoy the video. What is Infinitive
need somebody to know, somebody to heal, somebody to have
Now the day bleeds into nightfall, and you're not here to get me through it all
I was getting kinda used to being someone you loved
Infinitive grammar rules
02
1.什么是不定式？
不定式是看起来很像动词，却具有
等不同性质的词类，可以在句子里扮演“主语”“宾
语”“补语”的角色。
不定式
名词
形容词
副词
2.不定式的形式
不定式之所以看起来像动词，是因为它一般是由to+动词原形组合而成的。
+
=
to
动词原形
不定式
例
I don’t want to go.
不定式
They like to stay here.
不定式
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
1.做句子的主语
例
To leave here is impossible.
To see her makes me nervous.
主语
主语
不定式做主语时，可视其为一个不可数名词，因此动词必须使用单数形式。
注
当不定式为句子的主语时，我们常会用it来代替不定式作为句子的“形式主语”（也就是假的主语），并把真正的主语（不定式）移到句子后面。
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
1.做句子的主语
注
it(形式主语) to do(真正的主语)
我是主语。
我才是真的主语。
例
To cheat is wrong.→
= It is wrong to cheat.
真正主语
形式主语
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
2.做动词的宾语
不定式可以接在动词后面，作为动词的宾语。
例
Peter wants to go.
You need to sleep.
to go(去)为动词want的宾语
to sleep(睡)为动词need的宾语
3.不定式的用法
2
做形容词用
一般形容词是放在名词前面:
She is a cute girl.
而不定式做形容词时，则是放在名词后面:
1.I have something to say.
2.The man needs a place to live.
to say(说)修饰前面的代词something
to live(住)修饰前面的名词a place
不定式也可以做形容词
3.不定式的用法
3
做副词用
1.不定式可以放在动词后，修饰动词，以表示动作的“目的”。
He sat down to rest.
They all go out to help.
2.不定式可以放在形容词后，修饰形容词
I am glad to see you .
We were excited to watch the game.
to rest(休息)修饰动词短语sit down,表示坐下来是为了休息
to rest(帮忙)修饰动词短语go out,表示出去是为了帮忙
to see you(见到你)修饰形容词glad，表示“见到你”是“高兴的”
to watch the game(观看比赛)修饰形容词excited，表示“看比赛”是“很兴奋的”
学习成果实测
Ⅰ.选择
1.( ) They hope ______ the famous singer at the airport tomorrow morning.
A.
to meet
B.
meet
C.
meeting
D.
met
A 解析：hope 后接不定式作宾语，即 hope to do sth.，表示“希望做某事”。
学习成果实测
Ⅰ.选择
2.( ) ______ is to learn.
A.
Believe
B.
To believe
C.
Believes
D.
Believed
B
学习成果实测
Ⅰ.选择
3.( ) ______ is my dream ______ around the world.
A.
It;travel
B.
There;to travel
C.
It;to travel
D.
There;
traveling
C
学习成果实测
Ⅰ.选择
4.( ) The teacher asked the students ______ their homework carefully before handing it in.
A.
check
B.
checked
C.
to check
D.
checking
C 解析：ask 后接不定式作宾语补足语，即 ask sb. to do sth.，表示“要求某人做某事”。
Causative verb
03
使役动词
使役动词
使役动词是表示“使、让、令”等含义的动词，用来描述主语促使他人（或物）执行某个动作的行为。
核心特点
1. 语义核心：体现“促使、迫使、允许”的动作逻辑，如“让某人做某事”“迫使某人做某事”；
2. 常用搭配：后接“宾语 + 不带to的不定式”（部分动词也可接其他结构），例如make sb. do sth.（让某人做某事）、let sb. do sth.（允许某人做某事）。
Presentation
inviting everyone to take part in
want to paint
let me go
tells me to stay
want me to take
teach you to paint
Presentation
规则1：感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice等）后接宾语+不带to的不定式，表“看到/听到某人做某事（整个过程） I heard him sing a song.（我听见他唱了一首歌）
例句：I heard him sing a song.（我听见他唱了一首歌）
规则3：help后可接带to或不带to的不定式，即help sb. (to) do sth.。
例She helped me (to) carry the box.
规则2：使役动词（let, make, have）后接宾语+不带to的不定式。例The teacher let us go early.（老师让我们早点走）
summary
04
1.感官动词搭配：结构为“感官动词+宾语+动词原形”，常见感官动词有see、hear、watch、notice，表动作的整个过程，例：I saw her dance.
2. 使役动词搭配：结构为“使役动词+宾语+动词原形”，常见使役动词有let、make、have，例：He made me laugh.
3. help的特殊用法：结构为“help+宾语+(to)动词原形”，to可加可不加，例：She helped me (to) cook.带to的不定式
1. 直接作宾语：结构为“动词+to+动词原形”，常见动词有want、continue、offer、plan，例：I plan to travel.
2. 作宾语补足语：结构为“动词+宾语+to+动词原形”，常见动词有encourage、tell、ask，例：He asked me to wait.
Exercise
05
1. She saw a little boy ______ across the street just now.
A. to run
B. run
C. runs
D. ran
2. The teacher made us ______ the text twice yesterday.
A. read
B. to read
C. reading
D. reads
3. I heard someone ______ a song in the park last night.
A. sing
B. to sing
C. sings
D. sang
4. My mother let me ______ TV for an hour after finishing homework.
A. watch
B. to watch
C. watching
D. watches
5. We helped the old man ______ his lost cat in the community.（可省略to）
A. find
B. to find
C. finding
D. A and B
Presentation
Presentation
1. 核心用法
动词不定式（to + 动词原形）可用来表达动作的目的，常翻译为“为了……”，结构为：主句（动作） + to + 目的动作。
例：
Wash your hands to stay clean.（洗手是为了保持干净。）
I study hard to get good grades.（我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。）
2. 常见句式拓展
在特殊疑问句（如why引导的问句）中，用不定式回答目的会更简洁清晰：
Q: Why do you go to the library
A: To borrow some books.（为了借一些书。）
3. 与表目的的其他结构区分
不定式表目的：侧重“具体、将要做的目的”，逻辑主语与主句一致。
in order to：语气更正式，可置于句首或句中。
例：In order to pass the exam, he studies late every night.
so as to：不可置于句首，仅用于句中。
例：She gets up early so as to catch the first bus.
2 Answer the questions below with infinitives. Use the information from the posts on page 5 to help you.
(1) Why did the three teenagers offer to do some voluntary work during the school holidays
(2) Why did Dong Lili go to the children’s hospital
(3) Why did Dong Lili go to the park near Jin Ya’s home
(4) Why did Wang Jie and his mother encourage Liu Yun to share her stories
(5) Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children to sing
3 Talk in groups about doing voluntary work. Use the questions to help you.
What do you want /plan/ hope...to do to help people in need
S1: What do you plan to do to help people in need
S2: I plan to raise money to buy books for children with no parents, and I hope to raise 300. What about you
S3: I want to help elderly people do their housework.
Answer key
一、完整小组对话示例
S1: What do you plan to do to help people in need
S2: I plan to raise money to buy books for children with no parents, and I hope to raise 300. What about you
S3: I want to help elderly people do their housework. What’s your plan, S4
S4: I hope to teach kids in the community to draw pictures, and I want to prepare some drawing tools for them first.
S1: That’s great! We can also work together to clean up the park for the neighborhood.
二、拓展表达（替换用词）
1. want to do：
I want to visit sick kids in the hospital and tell them stories.
I want to help homeless animals find new homes.
2. plan to do：
I plan to collect old clothes and send them to the poor areas.
I plan to organize a food drive for the food bank.
3. hope to do：
I hope to learn first aid to help people in emergency situations.
I hope to volunteer at a nursing home every weekend.
Homework
1. 句型转换：将下列句子改写为用不定式表目的的结构（示例：He works hard. He wants to pass the exam. → He works hard to pass the exam.）
(1) She goes to the library. She wants to borrow books.
(2) They clean the park. They hope to make it beautiful.
(3) We learn English. We want to communicate with foreigners.
1. 写作小练笔：以My Voluntary Plan为题，写5句话左右的短文，要求至少3次使用不定式表目的的结构。
2. 情景创作：结合生活场景，写出3个用不定式表目的的句子（如“我早起为了赶公交”），并翻译成英文。

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