资源简介

(共35张PPT)
Unit 1 Time to Relax
第4课时
Section A (4a-4c)
Lead-in
I usually listen to music to relax.
I usually go to the park to walk a dog.
Look and say
What do you do in your free time
What will you do this weekend
I decide to see a movie with my friends.
I plan to go hiking with my parents.
I usually listen to music to relax.
I usually go to the park to walk a dog.
I decide to see a movie with my friends.
I plan to go hiking with my parents.
Read and find
仔细观察这四个句子的结构，有什么相似之处呢？
Infinitive
动词不定式
概述
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
本单元重点讲讲解动词不定式作宾语补足语和目的状语。
动词不定式
状语
宾语补足语
adverbial
object complement
“to do”
Infinitive 动词不定式
动词不定式通常由“to+动词原形”构成，其中to 是不定式符号，没有实际意义，有时可以不带to。动词不定式的否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
She asked me to plan a treasure hunt.
她要我策划一个寻宝游戏。
→She asked me not to plan a treasure hunt.
她要我不要策划一个寻宝游戏。
构成
动词不定式作宾语补足语
常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有 tell，ask，want，teach，encourage，expect，wish，invite，would like等。
He told us to have a rest. 他告诉我们休息一下。
I expect you to get over these difficulties.
我期待你克服这些困难。
用于解释说明宾语的动作或状态，通常用于宾语后面，构成“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
用法
不带to的情况
（1）在使役动词 let，make，have之后作宾语补足语。
My parents let me watch cartoons for 20 minutes every night.
我父母允许我每晚看 20 分钟动画片。
I made Alice change her mind.
我让爱丽丝改变了想法。
My mother often has me clean my bedroom on weekends.
我妈妈经常让我在周末打扫卧室。
允许、放任（语气温和，无强制性）
迫使、强迫（语气强硬，有强制性）
让、叫、请（语气中性，偏 “安排 / 请求”）
（2）在感官动词（短语）feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at 之后作宾语补足语。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
半小时前我看见她离开了。
She likes to listen to the birds sing in the morning.
她喜欢早上听鸟儿唱歌。
They are listening to the rain beating against the window.他们正听着雨点敲打窗户的声音。
注意：do 强调动作的全过程或经常性
doing强调动作正在进行
（3）help 后的动词不定式可带 to，也可不带 to。
Please help me（to）put up a tent.
请帮助我搭帐篷。
The teacher helped us (to) finish the group project.
老师帮我们完成了小组课题。
一感（feel），
二听（hear，listen to），
三让（have，make，let），
四看（see，watch，notice，look at），
半帮助（help）（即动词不定式在help
后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无）。
巧记
动词不定式不带to的情况
动词不定式（to do 形式）作目的状语时，用来说明主句动作的目的，翻译时常带有 “为了” 的含义，
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,通常放在句末，无需加逗号；也可放在句首，强调目的，需加逗号, 与后面的内容隔开
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式分句具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
To keep healthy, you should change your eating habits.
为了保持健康，你应该改变饮食习惯。
I get up early to catch the first bus.
我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。
He stayed up late in order to finish his homework.
他熬夜是为了完成作业。
We should plant more trees so as to protect the environment.我们应该多植树来保护环境。
注：为了加强语气，可在不定式前加 in order to 或 so as to，含义不变:
in order to：可放句首或句末
so as to：只能放句末
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。
常接在作表语的形容词后面。
（2）动词不定式作原因状语
She is too young to go to school.
她太小了，不能上学。
常接用在“too... to”结构中。
（3）动词不定式作结果状语
（1）动词不定式作主语
拓展其他用法
To become an excellent pilot is my dream.
成为一名优秀的飞行员是我的梦想。
动词不定式作主语时，一般位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
It’s difficult for me to play basketball. 对我来说，打篮球很难。
注意：动词不定式作主语时，可以将动词不定式放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语，这是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻。
（2）动词不定式作宾语
She hopes to visit the Great Wall next year.
她希望明年去参观长城。
We decided to have a picnic this weekend.
我们决定这个周末去野餐。
①常接动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）有 want，decide，hope，agree，wish，learn，choose，begin，plan，expect，forget，would like 等。
I think it helpful to work out every day.
我认为每天锻炼很有帮助。
②常用 it 作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。
真正宾语
形式宾语
（3）动词不定式作定语
Mount Huangshan is a good place to have fun.
黄山是个好玩的地方。
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
Her dream is to be a nurse. 她的梦想是当一名护士。
常位于系动词 be 后面。
（4）动词不定式作表语
What do you do in your free time
I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend
I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting
I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say
She told me not to give up so easily.
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
4a
adverbial
adverbial
object complement
object complement
A: Thanks for your advice! It made me _________ (decide)
to try skiing.
B: You’re welcome. Try _________(forget) your fears and
have fun!
A: My cousin often asks me ________(fly) kites with her
when it’s windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you ________ (fly)
kites sometime.
Complete the conversations with the correct
forms of the verbs in brackets.
4b
1.
2.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
A: I love to watch kung fu movies _________(relax).
B: Really When I want __________(relax), I watch
animal videos.
A: My parents told me ___________(not push) myself
too hard.
B: Yes, it’s important _____________(not forget) to
relax once in a while.
3.
4.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
4c
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided _________ after that. He doesn’t like sport
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to play
not to come
very much! Instead, he likes __________at home and ________ movies, ________ to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us __________ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to stay
watch
listen
to spend
do
1. How did you get into painting 你是怎么开始画画的
(教材P5 4a)
（1）开始做某事
get into
She got into painting after taking a few art classes.
在上过几节美术课后，她就开始接触绘画了。
He easily got into the building through the open door.
他轻而易举地从开着的门进入了大楼。
（2）进入
近义短语：take up 开始学；开始从事
Language points
get into 还可表示“处于(某种情形)；养成(某种习惯) ”。
Nobody wants to get into trouble.
没有人想惹上麻烦。
She got into the habit of taking a nap at noon.
她养成了中午休憩的习惯。
2. I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go (教材P5 4a)
此处 go 作名词，意为“尝试，一番努力”，give it a go 是英语中常用的口语表达，相当于 have a try。
give it a go 试一试某事
This maths problem may be too hard，but let’s give it a go first.
这道数学题也许太难，但我们先试一试吧。
Let me have a go at riding your new bike.
让我试试骑你的新自行车。
3. It made me decide to try skiing. 它让我决定尝试滑雪。
（教材P5 4b）
辨析：try doing sth 与 try to do sth
try doing sth
try to do sth
尝试做某事
尽力做某事
强调试着做做看
强调想尽一切办法做
Did you ever try writing？ 你曾经尝试过写作吗？
Don’t worry. I’ll try to deal with the problem.
不要担心。我将尽力处理这个问题。
4. I love to watch you fly kites sometime.
有时间我想看你放风筝。（教材P5 4b）
watch sb do sth
watch sb doing sth
观看某人做某事
观看某人正在做某事
强调观看动作发生的全过程或观看的动作经常发生
强调观看的动作正在进行
I often watch him ski. 我经常看他滑雪。
I am watching him skiing. 不要担心。我正在看他滑雪。
辨析：watch sb do sth 与 watch sb doing sth
类似watch这种用法的动词，常见的还有see，hear，notice等，其后都可以接do sth或doing sth作宾语补足语。
5. My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
我父母告诉我不要逼自己太狠。(教材 P5 4b)
①督促，鞭策
push sb/oneself too hard 把某人/自己逼得太紧
push sb to do sth 督促/鞭策某人做某事
push v. 督促；推
My parents push me to study harder before the exam.
我父母催促我考试前更努力学习。
You can’t push your children too hard.
你不能把你的孩子们逼得太紧。
②推，推力 反义词是pull“拉”
Give the car a push, and it will start.
推一下这辆车，它就能发动了。
The child needs a little push to climb up the step.
这个小孩需要一点推力才能爬上台阶。
6. Yes, it’s important not to forget to relax once in a while.
是的，不忘偶尔放松一下很重要。(教材 P5 4b)
once in a while 偶尔地；间或
相当于 from time to time。表示某个动作或事件并非频繁发生，而是间隔一段时间出现一次。
His grandpa goes fishing once in a while.
他的爷爷偶尔去钓鱼。
Once in a while, I help pack up things.
我偶尔帮忙整理东西。
7. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. 我们的父母担心他待在家里太久。(教材 P5 4c)
too much
辨析：too much，much too 与 too many
much too
too many
太多
太
太多
修饰动词，放在动词后
修饰不可数名词，置于名词前
修饰形容词或副词，表示程度
修饰复数名词
There are too many apples and they’re much too big. Don’t eat too much because too much food is bad for your health.
苹果太多了，而且实在太大。别吃太多，因为太多的食物对你的健康不好。
1. Review and understand the grammar—Infinitives
as adverbials and object complements.
2. Do the related exercises to consolidate what we’ve
learnt today.
Assignments

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