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阅读理解词义猜测类解题技巧
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading
Guessing
Game!
1.banana skin
In a speech,Joe Biden say Iranian instead of Ukrainian, which is a real banana skin.
Iranian
Ukrainian
3. banana skin
A slip of tongue made Joe Biden say Iranian instead of Ukrainian, which is a real banana skin.
something that could cause difficulty or embarrassment, especially to sb in a public position 造成麻烦（或使人当众出丑）的事物
A down coat is an protected winter coat that is filled with fine feathers from a duck or goose.
2. down coat
1. the very fine soft feathers of a bird （鸟的）绒羽，绒毛 duck down 鸭绒
2.[ U ] fine soft hair 绒毛；软毛；汗毛
His latest invention turned out to be a real cash cow. He earned lots of money now.
the part of a business that always makes a profit and that provides money for the rest of the business
金牛，摇钱树，赢利部门（指一企业中始终赢利并给其他部门提供资金的部门）
3. cash cow
链接高考
猜测词义
1.(2024·新高考I卷) These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens...
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
vt. 数目超过
n. 逛公园的人
a. 离线的
outlive, outperform
party-goer,church-goer
01构词法
word formation
submarine
mislead
unpredictable
overestimate
malnutrition
01构词法
原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
01“构词法”：利用转化，合成，派生词进行推测;
第一，要确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的位置；
第二，审读题干，确认猜测点。
第三，根据上下文信息，结合不同的方法进行选题
第四，比较选择项，确定答案。
猜测词义题的解题步骤：
Tip
根据构词法（合成、派生、转化等）进行猜测。
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
（2024·广东湛江·统考一模）Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick(误导) corals into reproducing outside of the appropriate times when they would normally grow.
4. What does the underlined word “reproducing” mean
A. Produce young B. Create time
C. Cause normal D. Lead to light pollution
animals/people/plants produce young
02解释说明法
02解释说明法
（Explanation）
1
2
举例
3
标点符号
同位语
举例
8. …all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018年全国卷ⅠC篇)
29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2
A. complex. B. advanced. C. powerful. D. modern
表示举例的词汇有such as， for example， for instance，like等，可以通过所举事例推知前面内容。
汉语、英语是____ 语言
such as
2025年1月浙江省普通高校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
C
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
利用冒号，破折号，同位语进行猜测。
原文：（2021年全国甲）A few minutes later， when I landed the trick， my friends beat their boards loud， shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean？
A.Be careful！ B.Well done！ C.No way！ Don’t worry！
Strategy : 由生词后的_________(从句)或定语从句等进一步解释可猜词义。常见信号词有________________________________________________________
__________等。
同位语
be, mean, refer to, namely, that is (to say), in other words, like
注意：同位语有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示。
I landed my first contract.
03语境法
His constant floccinaucinihilipilification of my dreams finally led me to stop sharing them with him.
To be detective
03“语境法”：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测含义;
2024年九省联考
However， there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position， formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand(an opinion/attitude)， ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections （异议） and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort， but practice will make you better at it.
30.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it！
26.Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Perform appropriately.　　B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely. D.Do better.
2024年全国甲卷 B
04逻辑法
03“逻辑法”：利用逻辑关系词确定含义
因果关系(so/because...);
转折关系(but/however...); thankfully / unfornately
让步关系(although/though...);
对比关系(otherwise/rather than/while/on the contrary...);
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂ in paragraph 2 mean
Tested. B. Separated C. Forced out D. Tracked down
but
转折关系
因果关系
More than 30 million people were displaced last year by environmental and weather-related disasters across Asia, and the problem is likely to grow more serious as climate change exacerbates such problems, experts have warned. (金华十校高三模拟考试)
25. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to the underlined word “exacerbates”
A. Solves B. Prevents C. Worsens. D. Reduces
as
Why
表示因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, because, for, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, so, therefore, thus, consequently, result in等。
STAFF
解题技巧
1
2
4
3
02解释说明法
定义，举例，定语，同位语，标点
03语境法
分析句子成分，
上下文语境
04逻辑关系法
转折，并列，因果关系
......
01构词法
合成，派生，转化
第一，要确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的位置；
第二，审读题干，确认猜测点。
第三，根据上下文信息，结合不同的方法进行选题
第四，比较选择项，确定答案。
猜测词义题的解题步骤：
2021年新高考全国II卷英语
B
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs（幼兽） that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）英语
C
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
2023年1月英语普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷
C
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）英 语
C
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone who ________.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. has a natural talent for his job D. gets on well with his co-workers
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语
C
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）英语
C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
D
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语
开放的；易受损害的
代词类
第一步:审读题干,判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。
第二步:返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。
第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
2024年1月浙江省普通高校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
B
　　（2024·1月浙江卷）When was the last time you used a telephone box？ I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago， right？ The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ...2006. I was conducting auditions （试演） for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing， I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
24.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to？（　　）
The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语
A
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants—much like the little girl in the lunch line—flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
22. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）英 语
C
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
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