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长难句分析
五大基本句型:
① I am Li Hua. ② I love you.
③ I come. ④ I gave you an apple.
⑤ You make me angry.
主系表
主谓宾
主谓
主谓间宾直宾
主谓宾宾补
三大句子结构:
① ：只包含一个主谓结构，eg: I am Li Hua.
② ：由并列连词（and,but,or等）连接的两个或多个简单句。
eg: I am Li Hua and I come from Shaoguan.
③ ：由一个主句+一个或多个从句构成。
eg: I come from Shaoguan which is a beautiful city.
简单句
并列句
复合句
观察并翻译以下句子：
1. Zhong Nanshan is a doctor.
3. Zhong Nanshan, who graduated from Beijing Medical University, is an extremely excellent doctor in China, leading the fights against COVID-19 pandemic.
2. Zhong Nanshan is an extremely excellent doctor in China.
思考：是什么使得句子又长又难？
一个句子=主干+N个修饰
介词短语
从句
非谓语动词短语
形容词
副词
介词短语
如果你愿意一层一层一层地拨开它的心；
你会发现，你会讶异，
就只是简单五大基本句型。
遇到长难句怎么办？
形容词
副词
介词短语
非谓语
动词
从句
并列结构
五大基本句型
同位语
插入语
分析长难句第一种方法：找主干
快速找出主干的方式是找出_______。
1. 找动词。找出句子中所有的动词
2.一划二去三会意。(一划介短、二去同位、非谓和从句)。
3.主谓宾，先注意。
抓主题，去修饰。 逻辑关系要注意。
谓语动词
In 2017, a conversation with her friend Gabby shifted(改变) her mindset towards education. (2024.武汉市九调b篇)
In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.
Did you like the last grand fashion show of the 20th century
首先去掉介词短语（介+名结构）
注意 ：动词短语除外
常用介词：between, among, through, despite, in , about, across,
during, including, against, by, within, considering, regarding.
学以致用
（1）Sharing personal experiences including our tears as well as our dark dreams ________(be) the surest way to deepen friendship.
（2）China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site _______________ (declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
is
was declared
去掉不必要的同位语（常作插入语）
同位语一般就是用来解释补充前面的名词（头衔、名词词组、分词或定从），在阅读理解中，可以先去掉
（1）Tony, one of the cleverest boys in our school, is planning to attend the university.
（2）Deng Shihai, an early expert on Pu’er tea, praised its “flavorless flavor” as the highest level Pu’er can attain. (2024.武汉市九调语法填空)
学以致用
（1）The children under eight are forbidden（禁止）, unless accompanied by their parents, __________(play)
in this area.
（2）One poster from the exhibition — Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from 1904 — ______________(purchase 购买) with donated funds . 2023年九省联考A篇
（3）In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, _______(hear) about the Bajau. (2020全国卷三)
to play
was purchased
heard
To resisit(抵抗) this threat, the Uros began to build the floating islands with the water-proof(防水的) plant called totora, which grows in the lake and is the lifeblood of the Uros community. (2024.武汉九调a篇)
再去掉非谓语、各大从句
学以致用
“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or an experienced racer to learn proper technique”，she says. (2020全国卷一阅读c篇)
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
【定义】平行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。
“并列”
Zhong Nansha is an extremely excellent doctor in China and he led the fights against COVID-19 pandemic. （并列句）
Zhong Nansha is an extremely excellent doctor in China leading the fights against SARS and COVID-19 pandemic. (并列词语）
长难句中定语从句的考查：（标注提示：主句中 主语 谓语 宾语 先行词； 从句在括号内显示，再标记句子成分）
1. His journey began at a local arts and crafts factory,( 56 he noticed a gap between traditional Chinese lacquerware and modern global standards.) (2025届石家庄二模)
2. A relative (62._________ brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season )is later revealed to have dangerously violent temper.(2025届石家庄二模)
3.In Yihuawan Cultural Tourism Town, located in Anhui’s Susong County, visitors can hike through jungle-filled valleys, pick fresh fruit and vegetables, and admire seas of flowers (____42____ are in full blossom throughout the year.( 2025届高三深圳期末联考)
4. Despite challenges such as unpredictable weather and signal interference, the team, ( ______57 average age is 27,) delivered a flawless performance. Most of the team members specialize in drone technology, while others are enthusiasts recruited by the company.(2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模)
定从中不缺主干，先行词是 地点---where
定从中缺主语，先行词是 人---who
定从中缺主语，先行词是 物---which/ that
定从中有部分主语，即缺少定语，---whose
长难句中定语从句的考查：（标注提示：主句中 主语 谓语 宾语 先行词； 从句在括号内显示，再标记句子成分）
5.( _______64____ is expected by industry experts,) drone shows are going to become even more spectacular, with continuous technological progress. (2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模)
6. Abdulrahman AlSuhailbni, the president of culture at the Royal Commission for AlUla, says, “We’ve adopted a varied strategy to meet the needs of Chinese tourists, （ 62 features cultural, historical and luxury experiences.” ）（ 2025届高三武汉二月调研测试）
7. Among the British Museum’s most famous holdings are the Elgin Marbles, （_______ were removed in the early 19th century from Athens. （2025届广东高三名校仿真模拟卷）
8. Actually, besides its rich tourism resource （that bring positive attention to the city of Kaifeng）, residents in Kaifeng have long been devoting to fueling its tourism, （among ________ Xu Shijie is an outstanding representative. ）(河北省2025届高三年级调研考试)
非限定从中缺主语，辨别准确，先行词是物---which
非限定从中缺主语，先行词是物---which
非限定从中缺主语，辨别准确，先行词是人，且前有介词---whom
定从中缺主语，还需考虑翻译意思，正如…---as，
长难句中名词性从句的考查： （标注提示：主句中 主语 谓语 宾语 先行词； 从句在括号内显示，再标记句子成分）
做题步骤：确定长难句中的句子主干，判断是什么从句，以及从句中缺少什么成分在进行选词
1. （____37____ people really value） is her attitude of putting the customers’ needs first.（2025天河区综合测试二）
2. As Leo, a climbing enthusiast, puts it, “Figuring out （how to deal with new challenges） is part of ____41____ I enjoy.（2025年广东省模考）
3.Interestingly, the sea coconut （I’ve been talking about so far ）is not true sea coconut, and （_____ every Asian restaurant menu and every canned fruit label claims） is not true, either. (2024—2025学年度河北部分高中高三年级下学期综合)
主语从句中缺少宾语 ---What
宾语从句中缺少宾语 ---what
主语从句中缺少宾语 ---what
长难句中谓语动词的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
谓语填空：步步为营，找主语，看单复，时态语态要分析，特殊结构要记住，就近原则别疏忽，集合名词看语境。
1. On January 28, 3,000 drones (无人机) performed a stunning light show in Chongqing during the Spring Festival Gala. The show, organized by Damoda Intelligent Control Technology, ________ (feature) patterns of famous landmarks and flowers across the night sky.（2025届高三衢州、丽水、湖州二模）
2. In 1881, the original natural history collections ________ (move) to a new building in South Kensington to form the Natural History Museum, and in 1973 the British Museum’s library was joined with a number of other holdings ________ (create) the British Library. （2025届广东高三名校仿真模拟卷）
3. Their creations were collected in Messengers from the Vernal Wood, （which _______ (release) in Germany on October 18, 2024. ）（2025届云浮市云城区高三调研）
句子中缺少谓语，看上下文时态 ---featured
第一个空，句子中缺少谓语，in 1881 过去时，与主语collections 被动关系， ---were moved
第二个空，主谓宾齐全，少目的状语——to create
从句中缺少谓语，主语which 指代的先行词是书名，视为单数 ---was released
长难中非谓语的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
非谓语填空：找句子主干——分析空缺成分——根据主动/被动选择分词形式
1. This led him to revive the nearly lost rhinoceros leather (xi pi) lacquer technique, (inspire) by a brief description in a Ming Dynasty text. After years of experimentation, he successfully recreated and enhanced the technique by adding gold and increasing layers from six to up to 102, (achieve)greater depth and movement. 2025届石家庄二模
2. This has led some of her peers to question her low pricing, ________ (claim) it sets the industry back more than a decade. （2025天河区综合测试二）
主句中有主谓宾，宾语technique 后面有inspire 做后置定语，又有by 得出被动 ——inspired；
第二句中有主谓宾，achieve 在非谓语多用于伴随状语，表示取得的成果——achieving
主句有主谓宾，claim 非谓语做状语，与逻辑主语her peer是主动关系， ——claiming
3. “The BRICS countries all have a splendid history, and through this common language, we can greatly improve communication and exchange, ________ (connect) more BRICS poets,” he said.
（2025届云浮市云城区高三调研）
主句有主谓宾，connect 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，在此作伴随状语 ——connecting
4. The selection includes terms like “digital intelligence” and “AI for good,” __________ (showcase) the influence of artificial intelligence (AI). （2025届肇庆市鼎湖区高三第一次模拟）
主句有主谓宾 showcase 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系 ——showcasing
长难中非谓语的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
非谓语填空：找句子主干——分析空缺成分——根据主动/被动选择分词形式
5. His initiative has inspired other locals to improve their English skills and engage more effectively with international visitors, ____________ (contribute) to the overall tourism experience in Kaifeng.（河北省2025届高三年级调研考试）
6. Xuelong 2, China’s first domestically built polar icebreaker, started its five-day visit to Hong Kong on Monday, with officials and scientists __________ (say) that it will motivate more people in the special administrative region, particularly young people, to join the country’s future polar expeditions.（2024—2025高三省级联测考试）
主句有主谓宾， contribute 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，结果状语 ——contributing
with 复合结构的考查，也是看非谓语与逻辑主语的关系，这里是主谓，所以用saying，注意词汇变形之间加ing
长难中非谓语的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
非谓语填空：找句子主干——分析空缺成分——根据主动/被动选择分词形式
7.We are devoted to cooperating with museums around the world 62_________(display) these Chinese treasures, allowing international viewers to enjoy Chinese history and culture.”
（2025届高三茂名二模）
8. At his stand, he always introduces the cultural implications of the patterns ________ (choose) carefully by himself. (2025年河北沧州市高三第一次)
主句有主谓宾， display表示要去做的事，表目的，目的状语 ——to display
主句有主谓宾， choose 与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以用完成时表示后置定语 ——chosen
9. Alongside human performers, the robots completed a traditional folk dance called the Yangko, ________ (impress) audiences with their perfect moves.（蚌埠市2025届高三年级第二次）
主句有主谓宾， impress 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，结果状语 ——impressing
10. “Digital intelligence” refers to the integration of advanced intelligent technologies into digital systems ______ (boost) productivity, streamline resource management and foster innovation. （2025届肇庆市鼎湖区高三第一次模拟）
主句有主谓宾， boost 表示要去做的事，表目的，目的状语 ——to boost
长难中连词的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
连词：确定复合句中的句子结构——分析句间逻辑关系以及谓语及宾表的并列与转折——and/but/or/so/根据句意选择适当词汇
1. However, the real reason why Xiao Hua attracts customers isn’t the “low prices”, ________ her respectful and caring approach, which arouses a sense of long-lost warmth.
2025天河区综合测试二
2. These phenomena can serve as a gateway for children 61___________ reveal that textbooks from other subjects can contribute to the fundamental fine to learn about painting arts education,”says Li.
(2025山东潍坊一模)
设空处前后两个宾语，按句意理解此处是转折，所以用but
设空处前有主谓宾，后有动词与之前谓语同一时态，按语义前后同一主语，所以谓语并列——and
长难中介词的考查：（标注提示： 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语）
介词：介词是最易失分，首先从设空处判断是不是缺少介词，注意前后词性，常设考点形式：动词+介词+名词；形容词+介词+名词；名词+介词+名词；另外需要考虑常用介词的意思，灵活使用介词短语，进行选词。注意as 的灵活考查。
1. _______ its vast knowledge, convincing expression and boundless imagination, DeepSeek has attracted people of all ages, making it the ultimate “chat companion”. （蚌埠市2025届高三年级第二次）
2. Experts believe that __________ a trendy and youthful activity, climbing’s popularity will continue to grow. （2025年广东省模考）
3.The market is not merely a space for goods trading. Instead, it serves________ a stage for cultural exchanges — thereby allowing traditional crafts to be preserved and ethnic culture to shine brightly.(2025年河北沧州市高三第一次)
空后接名词，后面还有句子主干，此处是介词短语做状语，按句意翻译：凭借渊博的知识，缺少介词with
从句中，空后接名词，后面还有句子主干，此处是介词短语做状语，按句意翻译：作为一项新潮的年轻运动，缺少介词as
句中有主谓，空后接名词，缺少动词与名词间的介词，结合意思，serve as，所以答案为as，尤为注意as 的常见搭配短语：work as/consider as/ serve as等。
一. 找主干：跳读修饰成分，先找出句子的主干（主谓宾）并理解其意义，然后再理解修饰成分，便可长句短化，难句易化。
步骤：
①找出所有动词 ②往前找是否有并列连词或者引导词 ③顺藤摸瓜
二. 括号法：就是将修饰部分用括号括起来，使句子结构变得清晰的方法。
括号法步骤：①找连词，明句子 ②做标记，明主干 ③做直译，先主干后修饰 ④ 调语序
总结：遇到长难句怎么办？

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