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(共39张PPT)
高三英语语法复习
----特殊句式
1
一.祈使句
2
二.强调句
3
三.倒装句
4
四.感叹句
目
录
5
五.省略句
一.祈使句
祈使句的4种句式
① 含有第二人称主语的祈使句：
肯定句：动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)
eg ：Make sure you turn off the lights and the computer.
否定句：Don’t/Never + 动词原形（eg：Never give up.）
② Be＋表语，如：Be honest.
含有第一、三人称主语的祈使句
肯定句：Let me/us / him… do sth.
Eg: Let’s see the movie together if you don’t like it.
否定句：Let me/us / him ….not do sth.
祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋简单句
此结构三个考点：
1.祈使句动词用原形
2.祈使句与简单句为顺承关系，用and，如表“否则”用or或otherwise。
3.简单句谓语用一般现在时表将来时（will do）形式。
Study hard，_______you will make great progress.
Don’t cheat in the exam，___________you will get punished.
and
or/otherwise
二.强调句
牢记强调句的3个句式
强调句型的基本构成：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。
强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is I who/that am right. (强调________)
It was him that/who we met at the school gate. (强调_______)
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调________)
主语
宾语
原因状语
强调句的一般疑问句式：Is/Was ＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分
eg: It was in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
→Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
翻译：他是昨天见的李华吗？
___________________________________________
强调句的特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+is/was it that＋其他部分
eg：It was who that broke the window.
→Who was it that broke the window
Was it yesterday that he met Li Hua
② not ... until的强调句型：It is/was not until ...＋that＋其他部分。
He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.
→ It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It is/was...that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。
比较： (1) It was he who did all the cleaning.
可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，故该句为强调句型。
（2）It is a pity that he has failed again.
（3）It was at six o’clock that I got up today.
（4）It was six o’clock when I got up today.
主语从句
强调句型
状语从句
③ 助动词do/does/did＋动词原形，表“一定/务必”。
如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do，does或did。
Eg: Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countries.
He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.
◎即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错)
1．However, like so many other things, it is only too much stress ________ does harm you.
2．Although it was ten years ago ________ I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, always pushing us to move on.
3．In that way, World Read Aloud Day ________ (do) help make a difference.
4．It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.________
that
that
does
which →that
三：倒装句
英语语序：
主语 放在谓语的前面， 叫做自然语序
放在 的前面，叫做倒装语序
谓语
主语
倒装的目的
1 、语法要求：
疑问句，there be句型等。
2 、修辞要求：为了强调； 为描写生动；为衔接上下文；为平衡句子
倒装
↙
↘
完全倒装
部分倒装
↓
将谓语动词完全移到主语前
↓
只将助动词
系动词或 放到主语之前
情态动词
完全倒装
(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
(2) Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell. Let's go into the lecture hall.
Be quick!Here comes the bus.
(3) Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the birds.
注意：主语为人称代词时，不倒装。
(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang two large portraits.
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.
(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
(6) Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
部分倒装
(1)句型：So/Neither/Nor+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
“So/Neither/Nor+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定/否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“......也是如此/也不这样。”
Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。
－So they do. 她们的确如此。
I don’t know it, nor do I care about it.
Tom doesn’t like bananas, neither/nor do I.
注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
(2) 否定词或词组+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+.......
否定词：not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，rarely，barely，little，no，nor，neither，nowhere
否定词组：at no time/by no means/in no way/on no condition/in no case/in no sense/on no account/under no circumstances
否定连词：not only....but also，not until，no sooner...than，hardly...when等。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never before _________ I seen such a moving film.
Not only _________ he make a promise, but also he kept it.
have
did
升级句式：
1.Mrs. Brown not only gave Jack some money,but also offered him a job.
→Not only___________________Jack some money, but also she offered him a job.
2. Jenny didn’t go to bed until she finished writing the article.
→Not until Jenny finished writing the article____________________
3. I had no sooner read the novel than I told it to my roommate.
→No sooner ___________________than I told it to my roommate.
did Mrs. Brown give
did she go to bed.
had I read the novel
(3)only +状语+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+.......
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
比较：Only he knows the secret.
如only强调的是主语，则句子不倒装
(4)表语/状语/动词+as/though +主语+谓语,主句
as/though引导让步状语从句时从句用部分倒装，其结构为：形容词（分词）/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语...
Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.
Child as he is，he knows a lot.
(5)So/Such... +be 动词/助动词+主语... +that...
So+形容词/副词+be 动词/助动词/系动词+主语... +that...
Such+被倒装部分++be 动词/助动词/系动词+主语... +that...
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
Such a cold day was it that I stayed indoors all day.
(6)省略了 if 的虚拟条件句
从句的谓语动词如果是 were, had(无论它是助动词还是实义动词), should 时，可省略if, 将其提前。
If you had worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam.
Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam.
If I had time, I would go to Tieling with you.
Had I time, I would go to Tieling with you.
◎即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错)
1．At the top of the hill ________ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
2．Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ she notice the spelling mistake.
3．So necessary________ I found it to learn about my kid's schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.
4．Not a single word ________ he say when he was asked, which made his parents angry.
lies
did
have
did
5．Hardly ________ she gone out when a student came to visit her.
6．Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun.________
had
then后加did
四.感叹句
感叹句常用的七大句型：
(1) How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How high the mountain is!
How fast he is running!
(2) How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
How difficult a problem it is!
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! How I miss you!
(4) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What a clever boy he is! What a fine day it is!
(5) What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What sweet water it is!
What terrible weather it is!
(6) What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What beautiful flowers these are!
(7) What＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What news it is!
五。省略句
1. 状语从句的省略:
(1) 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。
① 时间状语从句：
Please come here as soon as(it is) possible.
② 地点状语从句：
Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.
③ 条件状语从句：
She won't come to the party unless (she is) invited.
④ 方式状语从句：
I wonder why he didn't do as (he was) told to.
⑤ 比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.
⑥ 让步状语从句：Though (they were)tired，they went on walking.
(2) 状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。
Be careful when _________(cross) the street.
Once _______(burn) ，a child dare not touch the fire again.
crossing
burnt
2. 答语中的省略:
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
－Do you think it will rain
－I hope not (that it will not rain)．
－Do you believe our team will win
－I guess so.
3. 不定式中“to”的省略:
(1) 感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
I heard someone sing in the next room.
The thief was noticed to slip into the room.
(2) 动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。
He will help me (to) work out the problem.
He did nothing but wait all the time.
若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。
He has no choice but to wait .
(3) 不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从句，不定代词all作主语被定语从句修饰或后有定语从句修饰的“the...thing”作主语时，如果其前出现过do的各种形式，不定式中“to”可以省去。
What he can do is (to) wait.
The only thing he could do was (to) wait.
All that he can do is (to) wait.
(4) 固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。
can't (help) but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；
I would prefer to swim rather than play football.
4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略
(1) 在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。
If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
If I were you，I would not do it like that.
→Were I you，I would not do it like that.
(2) 主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略should。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased.
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend, urge...
It is desired that we (should) arrive there before dark.
It is necessary that he (should) know it.
My suggestion is that we (should) visit the exhibition at once.
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1) 在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。
If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram home.
Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to my help.
While (you are) cycling，don't forget the traffic lights.
He closed his eyes as if（he was）lost in thought.
(2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What about having a game of chess
How come they left you alone here
What if it's raining
Why not try again
6. 宾语从句中的省略
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
7. 定语从句中的省略
He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.
She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want ______.
When ____________(walk) in the street，I came across an old friend of mine.
Anyone, once ____________(test) positive (阳性的) for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
He stood up as if ________(leave).
(改错)Don't hesitate to turn to me for help if necessarily .
I always eat noodles with vegetables, but my daughter never _____.
7. _____ I read your blog, I would have written back two days ago.
作宾语/宾补的不定式省略, 常要保留 to .
do /does/did : 代替上文中出现过的Ｖ谓
if虚拟条件句省略，把 had /were/should 放主语前
to
walking
tested
to leave
necessarily →necessary
does
Had
巧解特殊句式
一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。
二、巧用还原法，化难为易
对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。
Thank you for listening！

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