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专题十一　(主从)复合句
试题精练
考点精讲
第2讲　定语从句(＋)
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句通常置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如：
The phone(先行词) which (关系词) I brought yesterday(定语从句) is expensive.
考点精讲
考点 关系词的基本用法
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 举例
关系 代词 that 指人或物 作主语或宾语 I have some photos (that) I took in Australia last year. 我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。(先行词指物，that作宾语)(WY九上M10)
which 指物 作主语或宾语 My brother likes the books which/that were written by Mark Twain. 我弟弟喜欢马克·吐温写的书。(先行词指物，which/that作主语)
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 举例
关系 代词 who 指人 作主语或宾语 Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. 卡门喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。(先行词指人，who作主语)(RJ九全U9)
whom 作宾语 It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years.与那些在过去三年间共度了许多时光的人分离总是很难的。(先行词指人，whom作宾语)(RJ九全U14)
whose 指人或物 作定语 The girl whose hair is long is my classmate.那个长头发的女孩是我的同班同学。(先行词指人，whose作定语，whose hair相当于the girl's hair)
类别 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 举例
关系 副词 when 时间名词 作状语 I still remember the day when we first met.我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。(先行词是表示时间的名词，when作时间状语)
where 地点名词 作状语 This is the school where I studied. 这是我曾经学习的学校。(先行词是表示地点的名词，where作地点状语)
why reason 作状语 Can you explain the reason why you left early？你能解释一下你早退的原因吗？(先行词是reason，why作原因状语)
注意　关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时常常可以省略。如：
I'm looking for the dictionary (that/which) you lent me last week. 我正在找上周你借给我的那本词典。
考点 关系代词的特殊情况
情况 用法 举例
只用that的情况 先行词是指物的不定代词如something，anything, everything, nothing, all等时 It is something that you use to paint pictures.
它是你用来画画的东西。(WY九上M11)
先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时 He is the__only student that has read the book.
他是唯一读过这本书的学生。
情况 用法 举例
只用that的情况 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时 This is one of the__most__exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
先行词既有人又有物时 Do you know the__persons__and__things that they are talking about 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
只用who的 情况 先行词是指人的不定代词如someone, anyone, everyone, no one, nobody等时 I'll ask someone who likes serious movies.
我会问喜欢严肃电影的人。(RJ九全U9)
情况 用法 举例
只用which/ whom的情况 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom Did they solve the problem about which they talked the whole afternoon？他们解决那个讨论了一下午的问题了吗？
I know the person to whom the teacher is talking. 我认识正在和老师谈话的那个人。
(　　)1. He's the boy ______ won the photo competition last year！(WY九上M11)
A. whom B. who C. which
(　　)2. (2025遂宁改编)—What kinds of after school activities do you like
—I like those activities ______ are about P．E. and art.
A. what B. why C. which
B
C
(　　)3. The village ______ I was born has changed a lot, and I can hardly recognize some people and places.
A. when B. where C. which
(　　)4. He is the first Chinese writer ______ was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
A. who B. that C. /
(　　)5. I was touched by the artists and their artworks ______ our teacher showed us in class.
A. that B. which C. whom
B
B
A
(　　)6. I paid a visit to the National Art Museum of China, during ______ I was deeply touched by the wonderful artworks.
A. which B. where C. when
A
试题精练
短文填空微语篇(2025威海改编)
Animals are our friends. Do you like animals If the answer is yes, why not make a nature documentary(纪录片) to record the wild animals 1.__________ live all around us and to educate others about their importance To create this film, all you need is a camera and a subject.
that
First, decide 2.__________ you would like your nature documentary to be about. Do some research and choose local wildlife that interests you. Then take notes that can help you look for interesting facts to film. For example, you can focus on animals 3.__________ living habits are special and try to explore the reasons behind them.
what
whose
Now, it's time to film and edit(编辑). When you're ready to film, stay far enough away from wild animals so that you don't scare them away. You can also film an introduction to introduce yourself and 4.__________ you chose your subject. Finally, you can edit your film.
When you finish your film, invite someone 5.__________ is also interested in wild animals to watch it.
why
who
语法选择
体裁：记叙文　主题：个人行动的力量　词数：230　
难度：☆☆　建议用时：5分钟
One morning, Patricia Miller was walking near her home when a speeding car almost hit her. Her __1__ grandson William heard about that and became very worried. “There are always cars racing on this street，” William said. “It's time to do something.”
(　　)1. A. 10 year old B. 10 year old C. 10 years old
B
The brave boy decided __2__ at the next city council meeting(市议会). Dressed smartly in a suit, William stood before the leaders. “The street racing is putting people in danger, and new rules must __3__，” he told them seriously. His powerful words made everyone pay more attention to __4__ problem.
(　　)2. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak
(　　)3. A. set B. be set C. are set
(　　)4. A. a B. an C. the
C
B
C
Because of the boy's speech, the city worked faster to make the street safer. Just six months later, new traffic lights were put up. William was so proud to do something __5__ could benefit the community and even make it safer. His story appeared on television news, __6__ his school gave him a special award.
(　　)5. A. that B. what C. which
(　　)6. A. and B. or C. but
A
A
Now William wants to help __7__ other community problems. “I'll keep searching for more ways to make our town better，” he says. The police leader was so __8__ that he told William, “Maybe you'll work here someday！” Encouraged by his words, William now has an even __9__ dream — he hopes to become a president one day.
(　　)7. A. for B. of C. with
(　　)8. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising
(　　)9. A. big B. bigger C. biggest
C
B
B
The young man is amazing! William proves that anyone __10__ make a great difference. His idea is quite simple: “If you see something wrong, don't keep silent — speak up and take action！”
(　　)10. A. can B. must C. need


A

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