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(共46张PPT)
三、句法
专题十　句子种类及简单句
试题精练
考点精讲
知识导图
中考解读
知识导图
中考解读
考点 题型 考频 考查内容
存现句 语法选择 5年1考 2024(1分): There is a shopping mall near Peter's home.
感叹句 5年1考 2023(1分): How excited David was！
存现句和感叹句常在语法选择中考查。复习时要重点掌握存现句和感叹句的句式结构及用法。
考点精讲
考点 句子种类
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。
1. 陈述句
陈述句用于陈述事实或表明说话人的观点或态度，包括肯定形式和否定形式。
形式 结构 举例
肯定形式 主语＋谓语动词＋其他 She likes drawing. 她喜欢画画。
否定形式 主语＋be动词＋not＋其他 She isn't drawing now. 她现在没在画画。
主语＋助动词(do/does/did/will/have/has/ had …)＋ not＋动词原形/过去分词＋其他 She doesn't like drawing. 她不喜欢画画。
主语＋情态动词＋not＋动词原形＋其他 I can't jump high. 我跳得不高。
注意　陈述句的其他否定形式
(1)对谓语动词的否定，除了用not外，还可以用never, hardly, seldom等具有否定语义的词。如：He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。
(2)对主语或宾语的否定，常用no, few, little, nothing, nobody等。如：No students will like the subject.没有学生会喜欢这门课。
2. 疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
类别 结构 举例
一般疑问句 Be动词 ＋ 主语 ＋ 其他？ —Is this your brother 这是你哥哥吗？
—Yes, it is./No, it isn't. 是的，他是。/ 不，他不是。
助动词(Do/Does/Did/Will /Have/Has/Had) ＋主语 ＋动词原形/过去分词＋ 其他？ —Did he see this film last night 昨晚他看了这部电影吗？
—Yes, he did./No, he didn't. 是的，他看了。/ 不，他没看。
情态动词 ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 其他？ —Can you play the erhu 你会拉二胡吗？
—Yes, I can./No, I can't. 是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。
类别 结构 举例
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(不作主语或主语的定语)＋一般疑问句？ —How do you usually get to school 你通常是怎么去学校的？
—By bus. 乘公交车。
特殊疑问词(作主语或主语的定语)＋其他？ —Whose bike is broken 谁的自行车坏了？
—Lily's. 莉莉的。
类别 结构 举例
选择疑问句 一般疑问句＋A or B/A, B or C？ —Do you prefer to stay at home or go out on weekends 你周末是更愿意待在家里还是出去呢？
—Stay at home. 待在家里。
特殊疑问句＋A or B/A, B or C？ —What would you like, tea or juice 您想要什么，茶还是果汁？
—Neither, I'd like some water. 都不要，我想要一些水。
中考题型“回答问题”的5个问句以特殊疑问句为主，一般疑问句和选择疑问句为辅。考生备考时要熟练掌握每个疑问句的用法及答语的表达方式。
3. 祈使句
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、警告、号召等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的谓语动词为原形，句末则用句号或感叹号来表示结束。

形式 结构 举例
肯定形式 (Please＋)动词原形 (＋其他) Please turn down the music! 请把音乐关小点！
Be＋表语(＋其他) Be careful! 小心点！
Let＋宾语＋动词原形 (＋其他) Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
形式 结构 举例
否定形式 Don't＋动词原形(＋其他) Don't be late for school! 上学别迟到！
No＋名词/动名词 No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！
Never＋动词原形(＋其他) Never leave today's work for tomorrow. 不要把今天的工作拖到明天。
注意　肯定祈使句的答语常用“Yes/OK, I will.”等；否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won't.”等；以“Let's”开头的祈使句的答语常用“Good idea./Sounds great./Sure, I'd love to.”等。
4. 感叹句
感叹句用于表达惊讶、喜悦、气愤等强烈的感情，一般由what或how开头。
类别 结构 举例
what引导 What ＋ a/an ＋ adj. ＋ 可数名词单数 (＋ 主语 ＋ 谓语)！ What a great idea (it is)！多棒的想法啊！(RJ八上U9)
What ＋ adj. ＋ 可数名词复数/不可数名词 (＋ 主语 ＋ 谓语)！ What fine weather (it is)！多好的天气啊！
类别 结构 举例
how引导 How ＋ adj./adv. (＋主语＋谓语)! (2023.35) How carefully he listens！他听得多么认真啊！
How ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋ 可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ How lovely a girl (she is)！多么可爱的女孩啊！
How ＋ 主语 ＋ 谓语！ How I missed you！我好想你啊！
(　　)1. (2025成都改编)—______ is the sports center closed today
—Here's a notice. Let's have a look.
A. Why B. What C. Where
(　　)2. (2025遂宁改编)—Excuse me, sir. ______ is it from here to the train station
—Oh, it's about ten minutes' walk.
A. How long B. How much C. How far
A
C
(　　)3. ______ carefully in class, or you can't understand the teacher.
A. Listen B. Listening C. To listen
(　　)4. (2025绥化)______ good advice it is! I'm sure to make many friends at the party.
A. How B. What a C. What
(　　)5. ______ unusual experience it is to fish with cormorants(鸬鹚)!
A. What a B. What an C. How
A
C
B
6. (2025达州)The students read books in the library yesterday afternoon.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ the students __________ books in the library yesterday afternoon
7. (2025白银)My mom will come back home in an hour. (对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ will your mom come back home
8. (2025兰州)Don't __________(stand) against the door in the lift.
Did
read
How
soon
stand
9. (2025平凉)终身学习真是太重要了！
__________ __________ lifelong learning is!
10. (2025扬州)请记住，家永远是一个温暖的地方。
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
How
important
Please remember that home is always a warm place.
考点 简单句
1. 五种基本句型
构成 举例
主语＋谓语(不及物 动词)　(S＋V) The__sun rises. 太阳升起来了。
主语　谓语
主语＋系动词＋表语　(S＋V＋P) The__boy　is　　new. 那个男孩是新来的。
主语　 系动词　表语
构成 举例
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 (S＋V＋O) Lily　bought　a__new__dress. 莉莉买了一件新裙子。
主语　谓语　　宾语
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语　(S＋V＋IO＋DO) He　showed　 them　　his__stamps.
主语 谓语　间接宾语　直接宾语
他向他们展示了他的邮票。
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语　(S＋V＋O＋OC) We keep　our__classroom　　clean. 我们保持教室干净。
主语 谓语　 　宾语　　　宾语补足语
2. There be句型(存现句)
“There be ＋ 某人/某物 ＋ 某地/某时”结构表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。在这一结构中，there没有实际意义。
(1)There be句型不同形式的变化

形式 结构 举例
肯定形式 There be ＋ 主语 ＋ 某地/某时 There are about a hundred bikes and a large boat. 大约有一百辆自行车和一艘大船。(WY七下M1)
形式 结构 举例
否定形式 There be ＋ not/no ＋ 主语 ＋ 某地/某时 There are no books on the desk. 桌子上没有书。
一般疑问 句形式 Be ＋ there ＋ 主语 ＋ 某地/某时？ Is there a hospital near here？这附近有医院吗？(RJ七下U8)
特殊疑问 句形式 特殊疑问词/词组 ＋ 名词 ＋ be ＋ there ＋ 某地/某时？ How many books are there on the desk 桌子上有多少本书？
(2)There be句型不同时态的变化
There be句型有多种时态形式，其时态结构由be动词来体现。
时态 结构 举例
一般现在时 There is/are… There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
一般过去时 There was/were… There were 20 people in our club last year.
去年我们俱乐部有20人。
一般将来时 There will be…/There is/are going to be… There will be/is going to be a party this Sunday.
这周日将有一场派对。
现在完成时 There has/have been… There have been some students under the tree.
树下曾有一些学生。
注意　1. There be句型遵循“就近原则”。当句中只有一个主语时，be动词与该主语在数上保持一致；当句中有两个或两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语的单复数保持一致。如：
There is a__museum and several great restaurants around here.
这附近有一座博物馆和几家很棒的餐馆。
There are several__great__restaurants and a museum around
here.这附近有几家很棒的餐馆和一座博物馆。
2. There be句型还可与情态动词和其他助动词连用。如：
There might be some mistakes in this report. 这份报告中可能有一些错误。
3. there be和have的区别：
There be句型通常表示“某地有某人/物”，强调客观存在的事
实，只有一个主语时，be动词与该主语的数保持一致；have与主语通常构成主谓关系，表示“主语拥有某物”。there和have不能连用。如：
There are many trees in the park.(主语是many trees，动词是are，表示“存在”)公园里有许多树。
The park has many trees.(主语是The park，动词是has，表示“所属”)这个公园有许多树。
(　　)11. —______ there any living things on other planets
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are C. Have
(　　)12. (2025白银改编)Look! There ______ a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A. is B. are C. were
B
A
(　　)13. Which of the following has the same structure as “Daniel is watching Jim work.”？
A. The new idea sounds really wonderful.
B. I advise him to develop a good study habit.
C. Actors are playing different roles on the stage.
D. Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas.
B
The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It's one of the biggest cultural museums in the world. __14__ two main colors of the palace, yellow and red. In Chinese culture, red is regarded as good luck and happiness, and yellow is a symbol of power. There __15__ a collection of over 1.8 million historical treasures in the museum. Many people visit it every year. And I hope there __16__ more Westerners visiting it in the future.
(　　)14. A. There are B. They are C. It is
(　　)15. A. is B. was C. are
(　　)16. A. are B. will be C. have been
A
A
B
句子种类及简单句在语法选择中的应用
(2024广东33题节选)__33__ a shopping mall near Peter's home.
(　　)33. A. There is B. It is C. They are
解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为存现句，且主语为a shopping mall, 谓语跟主语在数上保持一致，故选A。
(2023广东35题节选)Everything was magical. __35__ excited David was!
(　　)35. A. How B. What C. What an
解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为感叹句，且空格处修饰形容词excited，应用how引导，故选A。
试题精练
一、完成句子
1. 小心用刀。别切到你的手指。
_________________ the knife. ______________your fingers.
2. 你需要多少酸奶来制作一份香蕉奶昔？
___________________ do you need to make a banana milk shake
Be careful with
Don't cut
How much yogurt
3. 没有什么困难能阻止我们成长为更好的人。
_______________ any difficulties that can stop us from growing into better people.
4. How amazing the performance was last night！(同义句转换)
___________________ performance it was last night!
5. more responsible, helps, become, us, keeping pet dogs(连词成句)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
There aren't
What an amazing
Keeping pet dogs helps us become more responsible.
二、语法选择
__1__ do you see a plant you don't know about Your parents don't know it, either. You want to look it up online, but __2__ do you start The Internet can't give you the answer with just a simple description. Now there __3__ a kind of plant identification(识别) app that may help you with the problem.
(　　)1. A. How often B. How long C. How soon
(　　)2. A. when B. where C. why
(　　)3. A. have B. is C. are
A
B
B
You can hold up your smartphone and take a clear picture of the unknown plant. Then you submit(提交) the picture. After a very short time, the app will show the name of the plant and other useful information. __4__ magical things the app can do!
Maybe plants are not the only things you love in nature. __5__ worry about it. Scientists are trying to design some apps that help identify insects and animals. It will be easier for you to know about them.
(　　)4. A. What B. What a C. How
(　　)5. A. Not B. Don't C. Not to
A
B
一、语法选择
体裁：记叙文　主题：一次令人难忘的经历　词数：230　
难度：☆☆　建议用时：5分钟
Today was the third day of our trip. My parents and I walked fifteen miles to reach a faraway village. We wanted to rent(租赁) __1__ house there. But the owner told us not __2__ it. No one liked to live there for there was a ghost(幽灵). But Dad said it could be exciting, so we took that house at last.
(　　)1. A. a B. an C. the
(　　)2. A. take B. taking C. to take
A
C
At night, we quickly fell asleep __3__ we were too tired after a day's walk. Suddenly, I felt I __4__ by a cold hand. I was scared and woke up. No, it was not ghost but Mom. I asked why she touched me. She said nothing but pointed to the window. Yes, __5__ seemed to be moving about. The sound was sometimes on the top of the house and sometimes on the ground. Even it __6__ to fly through the air. After some time, Dad and I made up our mind to go out and see.
(　　)3. A. although B. before C. because
(　　)4. A. touched B. am touched C. was touched
(　　)5. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody
(　　)6. A. has seemed B. seems C. seemed
C
C
B
C
But when Dad opened the door, I felt even __7__. I heard the sound as before, but saw no one. And then suddenly all were clear. __8__ actually an owl(猫头鹰) flying about. Someone had tied bells __9__ its legs, which made sounds whenever it moved. We had a good laugh and went to sleep.
__10__ unforgettable experience it was!
(　　)7. A. scared B. more scared C. the most scared
(　　)8. A. It is B. They were C. There was
(　　)9. A. to B. for C. from
(　　)10. A. What an B. What a C. How
B
C
A
A
二、短文填空(2025长沙改编)
体裁：说明文　主题：文学经典的价值　词数：223　
难度：☆☆☆　建议用时：7分钟
I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics, and they are of lasting 1.________. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, 2.________ us about the good and bad qualities of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at the same time.
short　read　unless　long　be　in　slowly　it　story　tell　if　value
value
tells
China has 3.________ own long history of classical literature that dates back to the Four Books and Five Classics. These books were written before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated 4.________they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged to read The Analects of Confucius(《论语》).
short　read　unless　long　be　in　slowly　it　story　tell　if　value
its
unless
There 5.________ also newer classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don't want to read them because they are 6.________ and have complex plots(复杂的情节). But they are great 7.________ which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature.
short　read　unless　long　be　in　slowly　it　story　tell　if　value
are
long
stories
Are you interested 8.________ learning more about the classics Just 9.________ some of them right now. They will give you a better understanding of the basis(基础) of culture then and help you better understand yourself and others. 10.________ but surely, you will fall in love with them.
short　read　unless　long　be　in　slowly　it　story　tell　if　value
in
read
Slowly

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