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(共19张PPT)
A Review of the Relative Clause
I am Maggie.
I am Lily.
I am Alex.
1. Knowledge and Understanding
To understand the functions and usage rules of each of the relative words in different sentence structures.
2. Skills
To analyze the structure of complex sentences containing relative clauses and distinguish the roles of the relative words within them.
3. Problem - solving
To solve exercises related to the application of the eight relative words, and use the relative clauses to express your own opinions for the sake of accuracy and conciseness.
Learning Objectives
charge 60%
The father and her daughter used clause(从句).
Relative words(关系词) include .
Evaluation
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who, that, whom, whose, which, when, where, why
the relative
As is known, there are two types of relative clauses.
Evaluation
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To modify the antecedent
To give extra information
①Hi, Dad. I have a problem which troubles me very much.
③I see. It seems that Lily and Alex, whose argument involves their principles, need to communicate better.
Summarizing Grammar Relative words as the subject(主语), the object(宾语), the predictive(表语), or the attribute(定语) Relative words as the adverbials(状语)
关系词(关代/关副)
8个关系词
先行词为(人/物/时间名词/地点名词/原因名词reason）
在从句中的成分为 （主/宾/表/定/状）
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关系代词(relative pronouns)
关系副词(relative adverbs)
which
who
that
whose
whom
when
where
why
“人的/物的”
人/物
翻译为
物
人/物
人
人
时间
名词
地点名词
原因
名词
reason
主/宾/表
定语
宾/表
状语
Summarizing Grammar Relative words as the subject, the object, the predictive, or the attribute Relative words as the adverbials
关系词(关代/关副)
8个关系词
先行词为(人/物/时间名词/地点名词/原因名词reason）
先行词在从句中的成分为 （主/宾/表/定/状）
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关系代词(relative pronouns)
关系副词(relative adverbs)
which
who
that
whose
whom
when
where
why
人的/物的
人/物
翻译为
物
人/物
人
人
时间
名词
地点名词
原因
名词
reason
主/宾/表
定语
宾语
状语
①I have a problem which troubles me very much. There’s an issue between Alex and a new friend of mine, Lily, who I’ve been really close to for a while now.
②It’s about something that happened during our last group project. In regard to Alex, with whom Lily isn't satisfied because of his contribution, he feels that Lily is being too critical.
③It seems that Lily and Alex, whose argument involves their principles, need to communicate better.
④Lily is the leader, which is the reason why she feels responsible for making sure everyone does their part.
⑤My darling, I argue that you can organize a meeting for them in a special time when they can have in-depth one-on-one conversations, creating an atmosphere where they listen to each other attentively.
Can “whose argument” be replaced by “the argument of whom”
Can “the argument of whom” be replaced by “the argument of them”
Can “that” be replaced by “which”
Can “which” be replaced by “that”
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Can “whom” be replaced by “who”
①I have a problem which troubles me very much. There’s an issue between Alex and a new friend of mine, Lily, who I’ve been really close to for a while now.
②It’s about something that happened during our last group project. In regard to Alex, with whom Lily isn't satisfied because of his contribution, he feels that Lily is being too critical.
③It seems that Lily and Alex, whose argument involves their principles, need to communicate better.
④Lily is the leader, which is the reason why she feels responsible for making sure everyone does their part.
⑤My darling, I argue that you can organize a meeting for them in a special time when they can have in-depth one-on-one conversations, creating an atmosphere where they listen to each other attentively.
Can “whose argument” be replaced by “the argument of whom”
Can “the argument of whom” be replaced by “the argument of them”
Can “that” be replaced by “which”
Can “which” be replaced by “that”
Evaluation
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In the relative clause, when the preposition is placed before the relative pronoun and the antecedent refers to a person, the relative pronoun is usually “whom”.
whose=the+n+of+which/whom
不行，them作为代词，没有连词的功能，不能连接两个句子
Can “whom” be replaced by “who”
In non-restrictive relative clauses, “that” cannot be used as a relative pronoun. And “which” can refer to things or the whole sentence in the main clause.
1.当先行词是all /much /little/few /something /anything /everything /nothing/none等不定代词的时候
2.当先行词被all/no/little/few/any等修饰时
3.当先行词被the only/the last/the very修饰的时候
4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时
5.当先行词被最高级修饰时
6.当先行词既有人又有物时
7.当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用that。
1. “Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as ‘the Shakespeare of Asia,’ add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
2. All of our happy memories are hidden in the place witnessed the beginning of our beautiful relationship.
3. The coffee shop near the park, has a warm and inviting atmosphere with its soft lighting, comfortable sofas and the aroma of freshly brewed coffee, is a place people often gather. In this coffee shop, friends meet to chat, business partners hold discussions and strangers start conversations, work together to make this a venue which plays an important role in the local interpersonal communication environment.
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who
which/that
where
which
who
4. On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper 1 illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
5. There are some people in our lives words can always inspire us during communication.
6. There are many reasons people have misunderstandings in interpersonal communication.
7. We all cherish the time we make up with our friends and our friendship gets deeper.
8. I have several friends with I used to have big quarrels, but later we managed to make up and our friendship became even stronger.
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whose
which/that
why
when
whom
Alex has finished writing a letter to Lily.
Now please help Alex
make his letter more concise by
combining two sentences underlined into one using relative clauses.
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Dear Lily,
I’m writing this letter with a heavy heart.①We had an argument. The argument has been constantly on my mind.②The issues caused our conflict. The issues were complex. I believe we can resolve them if we communicate openly.
③I know you thought I didn’t give my all. It made me feel misunderstood.④I made the efforts. The efforts were real.⑤They might not have met your expectations. Your expectations are always high.⑥You are a hardworking person. You pursue perfection in everything we do, and I respect that.⑦But there are moments. During these moments the criticism you gave me feels more than I can handle. Our relationship has been so beautiful until now.
I don’t want our relationship to be ruined by this one incident. We are friends. ⑧We have shared so many memories. Some of memories are the happiest times of my life. The bond that we have should be strong enough to withstand this little bump on the road.
I hope we can both reflect on our behavior and find a way to move forward.⑨After all, we are in a vital position. At the position, we need to understand each other’s point of view better.
Yours,
Alex
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Combining two sentences into one
Dear Lily,
I’m writing this letter with a heavy heart.①We had an argument. The argument has been constantly on my mind.②The issues caused our conflict. The issues were complex. I believe we can resolve them if we communicate openly.
③I know you thought I didn’t give my all. It made me feel misunderstood.④I made the efforts. The efforts were real.⑤They might not have met your expectations. Your expectations are always high.⑥You are a hardworking person. You pursue perfection in everything we do, and I respect that.⑦But there are moments. During these moments the criticism you gave me feels more than I can handle. Our relationship has been so beautiful until now.
I don’t want our relationship to be ruined by this one incident. We are friends.⑧We have shared so many memories. Some of memories are the happiest times of my life. The bond that we have should be strong enough to withstand this little bump on the road.
I hope we can both reflect on our behavior and find a way to move forward.⑨After all, we are in a vital position. At the position, we need to understand each other’s point of view better.
Yours,
Alex
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Finding sth that is mentioned by both sentences
Dear Lily,
I’m writing this letter with a heavy heart.①We had an argument. The argument has been constantly on my mind.②The issues caused our conflict. The issues were complex. I believe we can resolve them if we communicate openly.
③I know you thought I didn’t give my all. It made me feel misunderstood.④I made the efforts. The efforts were real.⑤They might not have met your expectations. Your expectations are always high.⑥You are a hardworking person. You pursue perfection in everything we do, and I respect that.⑦But there are moments. During these moments the criticism you gave me feels more than I can handle. Our relationship has been so beautiful until now.
I don’t want our relationship to be ruined by this one incident. We are friends.⑧We have shared so many memories. Some of memories are the happiest times of my life. The bond that we have should be strong enough to withstand this little bump on the road.
I hope we can both reflect on our behavior and find a way to move forward.⑨After all, we are in a vital position. At the position, we need to understand each other’s point of view better.
Yours,
Alex
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Practice
Review
Evaluation
Combining two sentences into one
①We had an argument. The argument has been constantly on my mind.
②The issues caused our conflict. The issues were complex.
③I know you thought I didn’t give my all. It made me feel misunderstood.
④I made the efforts. The efforts were real.
⑤They might not have met your expectations. Your expectations are always high.
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, which
The argument that/which we had has been constantly on my mind.
, which
The issues that/which caused our conflict are complex.
, which
The efforts that/which I made were real.
, which
Your expectations that/which they might not have met are always high.
, which
⑥You are a hardworking person. You pursue perfection in everything we do.
⑦But there are moments. During these moments the criticism you gave me feels more than I can handle.
⑧We have shared so many memories. Some of memories are the happiest times of my life.
⑨After all, we are in a vital position. At the position, we need to understand each other’s point of view better.
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You are a hardworking person that/who pursues perfection in everything we do.
who
when
, some of which
where
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Items How well can you do these things Very well Ok Need work
Performance I can analyze the structure of the relative clause.
I can clearly know the choice of 8 relative words in the relative clauses.
Content I can freely use the relative clauses to modify sth or give extra information.
Suppose you are Lily, please write a letter to your friend Alex.
1. Word limit: No less than 120 words.
2. Content: You can add appropriate details to make the writing coherent.
3. Language: Use relative clauses as much as possible.
Homework

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