资源简介

(共44张PPT)
定语从句
　　定语从句在句子中起定语的作用,功能上相当于形容词,用于修饰名词或代词。定语从句分为限制性定语从句（主句和从句之间没有逗号）与非限制性定语从句（主句和从句之间有逗号）。定语从句的难点在于如何准确判断应该使用关系代词还是关系副词,以及关系代词that与which的区别。
体系透视
定语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中名词（短语）或代词（有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分）的从句，被修饰的对象叫作先行词，一般由关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）引导，作用相当于形容词。
概念
This is the museum that you visited the other day.
先行词
定语从句
关联词(关系代词/关系副词)
修饰名词或代词，具有定语功能的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关联词：引导定语从句的词。
关联词的作用：
1)连接主从句
2)指代先行词
3)在从句中充当成分
关联词(关系代词/关系副词)
1) The man ____ talked to you is my father.
2) Is this the man ______ you just talked to
3) This is the shop _____ sells medicine.
4) This is the shop _____ we saw yesterday.
由关联词代表先行词在后面从句中的_______决定的。
找主句、划从句、再找先行词、最后判断成分。
成分
who
whom
which
which
the man
the man
the shop
the shop
5)This is the boy _______ mother is a doctor.
6) It was a meeting _______ importance was realized by all people.
7) I still remember the day _______ I first came here.
8) This is the house _______ I lived last year.
9) I don’t know the reason _______ he was late.
10) He is no longer the small naughty boy ______ he used to be.
11) He talked about the students and school ______he saw in China.
whose
whose
when
where
why
(that)
that
the boy’s
the meeting’s
on the day
in the house
for the reason
the small naughty boy
代人作主语 _______
代人作宾语 _______
代物作主语 _______
代物作宾语 _______
表示 “人的”_______
表示 “物的”_______
时间状语 _______
地点状语 _______
原因状语 _______
表语 _______
先行词为“人+物”_______
这四个词都可用____来代替
作_____时，关系词可以省略
可
省
可
代
that
whose
whose
when
where
why
(that)
that
who
who/whom
which
which
宾语
1.关联词(关系代词/关系副词)
2.as的用法
①引导限制性定语从句时,常用于such+名词+as...像......这样的......，as/so+many/much/little/few+名词+as...和......一样多/少的，the same...as和......一样的（同类）等结构。先行词
既可以指人又可以指物。as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer.
老师问了一个没有人能答出来的难题。
②引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词为整个主句,可表示与前面的情况相同。
I travel to Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as do many
businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
我每天乘轻轨去滨海新区,和住在天津市中心的许多商人一样。
易混易错　the same...as...与the same...that...
This is the same dictionary as I lost.(同类不同物)
这本词典和我丢的那本一样。
This is the same dictionary that I lost.(同类同物)
这是我丢的那本词典。
1) This is the same watch ______ I lost yesterday.
2) Don’t read such books ______ are too difficult for you.
3) I have as many books ______ you (have).
the watch
books
books
as
as
as
Which or As
He was late again, ______we had expected.
He was late again, ______ made us very angry.
as
which
which和as的异同
相同之处 不同之处
as which
1. 都可引导非限定性定语从句
2. 都可指代整个句子
“正如”
“这”
位置灵活（前、中、后）
对比关系
因果关系
中、后
　　定语从句该使用关系代词还是关系副词,关键在于去掉关系词后,句子是否缺少主
语、宾语、表语或定语。试比较:
Is this the factory that/which you visited last year (visited是及物动词,缺宾语)
Is this the factory where you worked last year (worked是不及物动词,不缺宾语)
Is this the factory which you worked in last year (last year是时间状语,介词in
后缺少宾语)
Is this the factory where you worked in 2023 (in 2023是时间状语,worked是
不及物动词,后不缺宾语)
3.关系代词与关系副词的选择
4. 限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
重难透析
限制性 定语从句 对先行词起修饰、限制作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省略,所修饰的先行词往往不明确,因此前面不用逗号
非限制性 定语从句 为先行词提供补充信息,起附加说明作用,即使去掉也不会影响先行词的明确性,常用逗号与主句隔开;除用于对具体事物补充信息外,还可以是针对整个主句内容的说明
译为“......”的
可译为并列句
All researchers know the famous agricultural scientist who has made great
contributions to solving the problem .(若把从句去掉,则不知道是哪位科学家)
所有研究人员都知道这位著名的农业科学家,他为解决这个问题做出了巨大的贡献。
All researchers know the famous physical scientist Madame Curie, who has
made a great discovery in science .(若把从句去掉,仍然知道是哪位科学家)
所有研究人员都知道著名的物理科学家居里夫人,她在科学上有一个伟大的发现。
The president attended the graduation ceremony, which made all
participants delighted .(针对整个主句内容的说明)
总统出席了毕业典礼,大家都很高兴。
5. 宜用that不用which的情况
情况 示例
当先行词是all、little、much、few、everything、noth-
ing、none等不定代词或被all、little、much、few、ev-
ery、no等修饰时 Lincoln's stepmother did everything that she could do to
help him get more books.
林肯的继母尽其所能帮他买更多的书。
当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级
或序数词修饰时 This is the most awesome journey that the tourists have
ever taken.这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。
当先行词前有the last、the only、the very、the same、
the right等词修饰时 The only thing that matters is that safety should be given
the highest priority.唯一重要的是安全应该被放在首位。
情况 示例
当先行词既有人又有物时 Later the old friends talked of things and persons that they
remembered in high school.
后来,老朋友们谈到了他们记得的高中时的事和人。
当句中有两个定语从句时,若其中一个关系代词用了
which,另一个关系代词应用that The businessman built up a small factory, which produced
things that were suitable for children.
这个商人建了一家小工厂,生产适合孩子们用的东西。
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
Grammar, which perhaps you do not like very much, can help you to speak
and write good English.
或许你并不太喜欢语法,它却可以帮助你说出或写出好英语。
(2)当先行词指物,且关系词前有介词时
Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.
发烧是体温高于正常温度的一种状况。
6.宜用which不用that的情况
7.用who而不用that的情况：
①先行词是表人的人称代词 (he/she/those...)或不定代词(anyone，someone, everyone, somebody, anybody, one, ones)等词时；
②先行词是人且被序数词修饰时；
③there be句型，且先行词是人时；
④当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
He is the third man who passed the exam.
There is a student who is always making noise.
There are lots of people who are listening to the radio.
8. who、whom、whose的区别
This is the man who broke the law.(作主语,用who)这就是那个违法的人。
This is the man whom/who I discussed that with.(作宾语,who/whom均可)
这就是和我讨论过那件事的那个人。
This is the man with whom I discussed that.(介词提到关系词之前时,只能用
whom)这就是和我讨论过那件事的那个人。
There are a large number of patent examiners, whose only job is to examine
whether your claim is valid or not.(作定语,用whose)
有一大批专利审查人员,专门负责审查你的专利申请是否有效。
A.
1. She talked about a film star _______________ no one had ever heard of.
2. This is the book _______________ you asked for.
B.
1. She talked about a film star____________ no one had ever heard.
2. This is the book _____________ you asked.
在非规范英语表达中，介词通常放在定语从句的_________。
在规范英语当中，介词都应该放在____________之前。
代人作宾语我们只能用______，
代物作宾语我们只能用______。
who/whom/that//
which/that//
of whom
for which
后面
关联词
whom
which
不省不代
9. 介词+关联词 which/whom
C.
1. I still remember the day ______ we first met.
2. This is the school_____ my father studied when he was young.
3. This is the reason ______ he was late this morning.
D.
1. I still remember the day ____ which we first met.
2. This is the school____which my father studied when he was young.
3. This is the reason ____ which he was late this morning.
关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：____________。
when
where
why
on the day
at the school
for the reason
on
at
for
介词+which
1. 一些动词的规定搭配短语，一般不拆开使用。
如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. ( )
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. ( )
2. whom, which不省不代
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. ( )
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. ( )
√
√
★Note：
3. 关系代词whose+名词可转化为the +名词+of which/whom
I live in a house whose windows are open now.
I live in a house __________________are open now.
This is the boy whose handwriting is beautiful.
This is the boy _____________________ is beautiful.
4. 复杂介词+关系代词
用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。
We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.
Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided
the windows of which
the handwriting of whom
way作先行词，在从句中作状语时，且从句成分完整时,用that或in which,也可以省略关系词。
The way (that/in which) the engineer solved the serious problem is very good.工程师解决这个严重问题的方法很好。
1. We admire the way ________________he solved the problem.
2. I don’t like the way _________________you spoke to her.
3. You speak to her in the way ____________ _ __I don't like.
10.way 作先行词
that/in which/不填
that/in which/不填
that/which/不填
11.where的特殊用法
　　关系副词where的先行词可以表示具体地点的词外,还可以是case，condition，part，point，situation，stage等表示抽象地点的词。
It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves
differently.让孩子们处在他们能以不同的方式看待自己的状况中是有帮助的。
注意　occasion作先行词时,若指“时候;时刻;时机”,要用关系副词when;若指
“仪式;庆典;场合”,则要用关系副词where。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel the meeting
because of ill health.我记得他因健康状况不佳而被迫取消会议的情况绝无仅有。
知识拓展 介词+关系副词
有时为了表达清晰,可以在关系副词where或when前加介词。
The wretched man stood at the top of the hill, from where he caught sight of the whole city in fire.
这个可怜的人站在山顶上,从那里他看到了整个城市在大火中。
The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has
witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年,自那时起,教育体系发生了巨大变化。
Some girls, who normally have no interest in any sports, skipped rope and had great fun.
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen… know as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
To raise our awareness of the importance of fitness, a “ Sports and Fitness Week” was organized in our school last week, in which all the students took an active part.
He didn’t finish his homework, which made his mother mad.
非限定性定语从句的关联词与限定性定语从句的关联词
基本一致
12.非限定性定语从句的关联词
★ Note：
1) He is a teacher _______________ everyone likes.
2) Mr. Green, _______ everybody likes, is coming tomorrow.
3) I like the book________________ you gave me yesterday.
A book, ______his father bought, was given to me by John.
1. 在非限定性定语从句中，当关联词代表先行词充当定语从句的宾语时（代人作宾语______；代物作宾语_______），
应不省不代。
who/whom/that/省
whom
which/that/省
which
whom
which
1) He was late again and it made us very angry.
2) He was late again, _________ made us very angry.
2. Which 可以用来代替______________________________。
3) I have told him the reason ____________ I missed the early bus.
4) The main reason, ________ he lost his job, was that he drank too much.
3. why不能用来引导非限定性定语从句，此时要用for which。
which
整个句子
why/for which
for which
4. all /some/most of+which/whom 表示事物的全部/部分/大部分
1) I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
2) Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet.
3) Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
5. 定语从句的插入成分
This is the book _____________ is useful for my English study.
This is the book _______ (he said; I think) is useful for my English study.
1）位置：_____________________
2）含义：_____________________
3）连接词：_____________________
Exercises：
This is the woman _____ the musician said was regarded as the best pianist of the country.
We’ll discuss the benefits _____ I feel have resulted from the projects.
They went to some place _____ they believed they could find some food.
which/that
which
关联词之后
范围缩小
which/whom
whom
which
which
1. The dictionary, ______our English teacher bought several years ago, is helpful to us.
2. In 196l, the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is torelieve worldwide starvation.
3. The number of smokers , ______ is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year.
4. He wrote many children’s books , nearly half of______were published in the 1990s.
5. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes , ______ allowed me to keep my high social status.
6. She brought her three friends to the party, none of ______ I had ever met before.
Exercises: 为以下非限定性定语从句填上合适的关联词
which
whose
as
which
which
whom
链接高考
1. (2025全国I卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2. (2025全国II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in moutains... .
3. (2024北京卷) Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.
4. (2024全国II卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, Willian Shakespear’s hometown.
which
where
who
who
13. 定语从句中的主谓一致
He is a good student who _____(like) to help others.
They are good students who ____ (like) to help others.
He is one of the students who ____ (is/are) praised.
He is the one/the only one of the students who ____ (is/are) praised.
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
当先行词为one of +复数名词时，从句谓语动词用复数形式
当先行词为the (only/very) one of +复数名词时，从句谓语动词用单数形式
likes
like
are
is
题组一
1. Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all ____ was left was pure water.
2. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special ed-
ucation students, many of ____ have emotional control issues.
3. Do you know the reason for _____ he is absent
4. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing
more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and _____ recipe
books frequently top the best seller lists.
whose
which
whom
that
考点针对练
5. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice
attempted to de-list grizzlies, _____ would loosen legal protections and allow them to be
hunted.
6. They're all situations _____ we could use a little extra patience.
7. When he was working there, he caught a serious illness from _____ effects he still suf-
fers.
8. Gone are the days ____ we spent time fishing and swimming in the unpolluted river.
9. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _____ thousands were
attending a water conference.
where
when
whose
where
which
10. When deeply absorbed in work, __ he often was, he would forget all about eating and
sleeping.
11. Rankings, however, are only one reason ___ a low value is placed on teaching in high-
er education.
12. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of _____ will be graded.
13. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., _____ recovers food and
turns it into healthy meals.
14. “The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age
____ the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says.
when
which
which
why
as
15. It's said that he's looking for a new job, one _____ he can get more money to support
his family.
16. My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, ____, for three whole
days, I worked in a baking factory.
17. In front of the cafe is a tourism highway, _____ connects the store with many artistic
villages along the mountain range.
which
when
where
题组二
18. For those ___ want to experience the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, Chunxi Road and
Taikoo Li in the city center are the top choices.
19. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” was a determined “Why
not We Chinese are able to make the same things ____ other people make.”
20. In the times ____ the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, directly connected
Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders fanned out across China.
21. Technology has quickened the rate at _____ we communicate with the world around us.
22. It is known to us all that the old scientist, for ____ life was hard in the past, still works
hard in his eighties.
whom
which
when
that
who
23. For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting
containers rather than a landfill _____ it would be buried and would produce planet-warm-
ing gases.
24. Some of these are famous, but Singapore has one special way, _____ you may not know
about.
25. The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more
than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of _____ took
about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
which
which
where
26. Their vlogs show eager food enthusiasts lining up on the streets, many of ____ trav-
eled from cities far away.
27. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _____ overall consumption is sig-
nificantly higher than that of women.
28. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qo-
molangma, above _____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
29. In 1924, with her admission application to the architecture program of the University of
Pennsylvania rejected, Lin Huiyin had to study in the only department ____ accepted female
students—the School of Fine Arts.
that
which
whose
whom
30. Its principles are in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese
medicine, _____ emphasizes comprehensive treatment, meridian(经脉) adjustment and bal-
ance of bodily functions.
31. __ David Myers points out, “Actual income doesn't much influence happiness; how
satisfied we are with our income does. If we're content with our income, regardless of how
much it is, we're likely to say we're happy. To put it another way, satisfaction isn't so much
getting what you want as wanting what you have.”
As
which
题组三
32. What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind _____ nature provides exactly
basic elements.
33. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) ____ have ever been born here.
34. Robin Williams was lucky because he was offered so many parts _____ he could be
whatever he needed to be—the roles that ensured his spot among the comedy greats.
35. “I've seen those magic moments ____ children are talking to someone they are in-
spired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said.
36. Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ___ will each receive a T-shirt
in memory of Earhart's final flight.
who
when
where
that
where
37. People want to listen to someone ___ is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.
38. That's such a well-known place __ everyone wants to visit, and we can find it on the
map of the world.
39. In the case of a “black hole”, we think of an infinity of black nothingness that swal-
lows everything ____ slips into it.
40. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, ____ many people have
gone home.
41. Perhaps that is the only point with _____ I completely agree.
which
when
that
as
who
42. A lot of famous singers and actors came to the party with ____ we are very familiar.
43. After being carefully folded and placed in a bamboo basket _____ they are then heated
up and steamed slowly, the dumplings will be served to customers.
44. A company _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities
abroad.
45. Nearly 800 new pupils of that school are reported to have received a unique gift: an
admission letter _____ their names are written by teachers using a Chinese writing brush.
46. Researchers at a Massachusetts university are creating the first robot ____ can constantly
change its shape according to the task it has to do.
that
where
whose
where
whom
47. An expert in Chinese character culture has been invited to the campus, _____ major re-
sponsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology.
48. It is an urgent response to crises such as resource exhaustion and a net loss of biodiver-
sity __________ we humans are faced with.
49. “Our candidacy for UNESCO was supported by China, for _____ we are so grate-
ful,” says Salles.
50. An official at the Royal Commission for AlUla says, “We've adopted a varied strategy
to meet the needs of Chinese tourists, _____ features cultural, historical and luxury experi-
ences.”
which
which
that/which
whose

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