2026届高考英语二轮复习:非谓语动词用法精讲 课件(共23张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:非谓语动词用法精讲 课件(共23张PPT)

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(共23张PPT)
不定式 (to do )/ 动名词(doing) / 现在分词 (doing) / 过去分词(done 或v-ed)
英语非谓语动词用法精讲
明确非谓语动词的定义与分类(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)
01
掌握四类非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分的用法
02
精准区分易混淆非谓语动词(如动名词 vs 现在分词、不定式 vs 分词)
03
解决非谓语动词使用中的逻辑主语、时态语态等核心问题
04
课程目标
非谓语动词的定义与共性
Part 01
非谓语动词是不能单独作谓语的动词形式,具备动词的部分特征(可带宾语、状语),同时兼具名词、形容词或副词属性,在句中承担除谓语外的其他语法成分。
定义与共性
非谓语动词分类与基本形式
类别 基本形式 否定形式 时态语态变化(以 do 为例)
不定式 to + 动词原形 not to do 一般式:to do /to be done完成式:to have done /to have been done
动名词 动词原形 + ing not doing 一般式:doing /being done
完成式:having done /having been done
现在分词 动词原形 + ing not doing 同动名词(时态语态变化一致)
过去分词 动词过去分词形式 无特殊否定形式 仅一种形式(done),表被动或完成
非谓语动词的特点
1、 过去分词特点:无时态变化,仅需关注被动 / 完成含义;
不定式、动名词、现在分词需结合时态语态表达动作先后或主被动关系
2、 动名词 vs 现在分词:形式均为 doing,但功能不同(动名词表 “动作名称”,现在分词表 “动作状态”)
例句对比:
动名词:Swimming is my hobby.(游泳是动作名称)
现在分词:The swimming boy is my brother.(游泳的男孩,表状态)
非谓语动词在句中作主、宾、定、状等成分用法
Part 2
1.不定式(to do):作主语
特征:表具体动作或一件事
基本结构:To do sth. + 谓语动词(单数)
To learn English well is important.
It is important to learn English well.(it 作形式主语,避免头重脚轻)
Ⅰ "It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes ___________ (start) working." (it 作形式主语,不定式表动作)
to start
功能 核心特征 例句
作宾语 接在特定动词后 She decided to visit her grandparents.(她决定看祖父母)
作定语 修饰名词,表 “要做的事” 或 “用途” I have homework to do.(要做的作业)This is a tool to cut wood.(砍木头的工具)
作状语 表目的、结果、原因 He got up early to catch the bus.(目的:赶公交)
He rushed to the station, only to find the train left.(结果:意外)
2. 不定式(to do):作宾语 / 定语 / 状语
注:作宾语接在特定动词后
常用动词:want, hope, decide, plan, try, manage, afford 等
特殊结构:“动词 + 疑问词 + to do”(如 I don’t know how to solve this problem.)
3.动名词(doing):表 “动作名称” 或 “习惯性动作
作主语:表抽象、习惯性动作
例句:Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)
对比:To swim in this river is dangerous.(具体动作,不定式)
作宾语:接在特定动词或介词后
接动名词的动词:enjoy, mind, practice, finish, avoid, suggest
She enjoys listening to music.
接介词 + 动名词:be used to, look forward to, give up
We are looking forward to meeting you.
作定语:表 “用途” 或 “相关动作”(置于名词前)
例句:a reading room(阅览室), a walking stick(拐杖)
动名词定语 vs 现在分词定语:
a running track(跑道,动名词,表用途)
a running man(正在跑的人,现在分词,表主动)
类型 核心含义 例句
现在分词(doing) 主动 / 进行 The boy running on the playground is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩)
过去分词(done) 被动 / 完成 The letter written by her has been sent.(她写的信)
4.分词(doing/done):作定语
现在分词:Walking in the park, she met an old friend.(主动,散步时)
I saw her dancing in the hall.(主动,正在跳舞)
过去分词:Frightened by the noise, the child cried.(被动,被吓到)
We found the room cleaned.(被动,已打扫)
完成式: Having finished his work, he went home.(动作先于谓语)
5.分词(doing/done):作状语 / 补语
非谓语动词易混淆点对比
Part 3
动名词(doing) 现在分词(doing)
名词性(表动作名称) 形容词 / 副词性(表状态)
表 “用途”(a reading lamp 台灯) 表 “主动 / 进行”(a reading student 读书的学生)
2.不定式 vs 动名词(作主语 / 宾语)
语法功能 不定式(to do)(具体动作) 动名词(doing)(抽象动作)
作主语 To climb this mountain is hard. Climbing mountains is his hobby.
1.动名词 vs 现在分词
3.不定式 vs 分词(作状语)
状语类型 不定式(to do) 分词(doing/done)
目的 常用(to do) 不用于表目的
结果 表意外(only to do) 表自然(doing)
非谓语动词使用中的逻辑主语、时态语态
Part 4
错句:To improve English, more practice is needed.(×)
正句:To improve English, we need more practice.(√)
解析:不定式“to improve” 的逻辑主语应是 “we”,需与主句主语一致
逻辑主语不一致
01
错句:He suggested to go there by bus.(×)
正句:He suggested going there by bus.(√)
解析:“suggest” 后接动名词,需记固定动词搭配
混淆“to do” 与 “doing” 作宾语
02
错句:Giving another chance, I will do it much better .(×)
正句:Given another chance ,I will do it much better .(√)
解析:过去分词“Given ” 的逻辑主语应是 “I”,表示“被动语态”
混淆“doing”与”done”的语态
04
错句:Retired from work for several years, he is used to the current leisure life.(×)
正句:Having retired from work for several years, he is used to the current leisure life.(√)
解析:“Having retired ” 动作发生在谓语动作(is used to )之前
混淆“having done ” 与 “done” 的动作先后
05
真题演练与巩固
______ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
She hurried to the station, only ______ (find) that the train had left.
The children, ______ (excite) at the sight of the new toy, rushed to their parents.)
I really appreciate ______ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
I woke up to see my family and friends _____________(gather) in the room, with their eyes fixed on me.
f:Talking with others about our pressure can make us feel ________(relax).
g:__________(terrify) , she and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew .
h: It is crucial _______________ (maintain) a regular sleep schedule for relieving left-sided headache caused by sleep deprivation.
Knowing
to find
excited
having
gathering
relaxed
Terrified
to maintain
四类核心:不定式(to do)表目的 / 将来
动名词(doing)表动作名称
现在分词(doing)表主动 / 进行
过去分词(done)表被动 / 完成
b. 区分关键:作主语 / 宾语看 “抽象 vs 具体”“习惯 vs 一次性”,
作定语 / 状语看 “主动 vs 被动”“用途 vs 状态”
c. 核心原则:逻辑主语一致,固定搭配记忆,主被动关系明确
课堂小结
“非谓不作谓,四类要记对;
不定式表目的,动名表称谓;
现分主动进行,过分被动完成;
逻辑要一致,搭配别搞混。”
课后作业
基础题:用括号内动词的正确非谓语形式填空
① He plans ______ (visit) the Great Wall.)
_______(freeze) in a panic, I had no idea what to do when I heard a sweet voice behind me.
______(lose) in those stories, I always find myself less stressed.
辨析题:分析句子中非谓语动词的用法(2 题,如① My favorite sport is swimming.)
写作题:用不定式、动名词、分词各 1 个,描述 “一次志愿者活动”
写作题给示例:“To help the elderly, we joined a volunteer group; Cleaning their rooms made us happy; The elderly, moved by our care, smiled warmly.”
Thank you !

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