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连词and/but/or语法详解+专项练习
语法详解
（一）连词的定义与分类
连词是用来连接单词、短语、句子的虚词，不单独作句子成分。外研版七上Starter单元重点讲解并列连词and、but、or，它们用于连接并列关系的成分，是构成简单句和并列句的基础。
（二）并列连词and的用法
and表顺承、并列、递进关系，意为“和、又、而且”，是Starter单元最常用的连词。
连接两个或多个单词
连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、动词等，Starter单元中多用于连接校园用品名词。
例：a book and a notebook（一本书和一个笔记本）、I have a pencil and a marker.（我有一支铅笔和一支马克笔）。
连接两个短语
例：on the shelf and under the chair（在书架上和在椅子下）、draw pictures and colour them（画画和给它们涂色）。
连接两个句子
表顺承的动作或因果关系，后一句是前一句的延续或结果。
例：I walk into the classroom, and I sit down at my desk.（我走进教室，然后坐在我的座位上）；She practices every day, and she becomes a good singer.（她每天练习，所以成为了一名好歌手）。
用于固定搭配
both...and...（两者都）：Both the teacher and the students are happy.（老师和学生们都很高兴）。
and so on（等等）：We have books, pens, rulers and so on in our classroom.（我们教室里有书、钢笔、尺子等等）。
（三）并列连词but的用法
but表转折关系，意为“但是、然而”，连接的两部分内容语义相反或相对。
连接两个单词或短语
例：The bag is light but the box is heavy.（包很轻，但箱子很重）；She is quiet but she has a lot of ideas.（她很安静，但她有很多想法）。
连接两个句子
前后句语义形成对比，是七年级上册的核心考点。
例：I want to go out, but it's raining.（我想出去，但天在下雨）；He has a lot of money, but he doesn't spend it wisely.（他有很多钱，但他花钱不明智）。
注意点
but不能与though/although（虽然）连用，如不能说Though she is busy, but she helps me.（正确：Though she is busy, she helps me. / She is busy, but she helps me.）。
（四）并列连词or的用法
or表选择、否定条件关系，意为“或者、否则”，是Starter单元的重点拓展内容。
表选择关系：意为“或者”，用于选择疑问句或陈述句中。
选择疑问句：Do you want a cup of tea or a glass of water （你想要一杯茶还是一杯水？）；Is the bag red or green （包是红色还是绿色的？）。
陈述句：You can choose to stay at home or go out with me.（你可以选择待在家里或者和我出去）。
表否定条件：意为“否则”，用于警告、建议的语境中。
例：Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold.（穿上你的外套，否则你会感冒）；Listen carefully, or you won't understand the lesson.（认真听，否则你会听不懂这节课）。
用于固定搭配
either...or...（要么……要么……）：Either you come with me or you stay here alone.（要么你跟我来，要么你独自待在这里）。
or else（否则，要不然）：Finish your project on time, or else you will get a bad grade.（按时完成你的项目，否则你会得到一个坏成绩）。
（五）Starter单元高频易错点
连词与并列成分的一致性
错误：She likes to run and swimming.（并列成分形式不一致，应为She likes to run and swim. / She likes running and swimming.）。
关键：and连接的并列成分需保持词性、形式一致。
but与and的误用
错误：I have a lot of work, and I don't have time to rest.（语义转折，应用but，应为I have a lot of work, but I don't have time to rest.）。
选择疑问句中or的遗漏
错误：Do you like cats dogs （缺少or，应为Do you like cats or dogs ）。
or表否定条件时的语境理解
学生易混淆or的“选择”与“否则”含义，需结合句子逻辑判断。
专项练习
（一）用and/but/or填空
I have a notebook ______ a pen in my bag.
The pen is expensive ______ the pencil is cheap.
Do you like apples ______ oranges
Be quiet, ______ you will disturb others.
He plays basketball well ______ he plays football well too.
I want to go to the park, ______ it's too hot outside.
You can take the bus ______ the train to get there.
Pick up your book ______ turn to page 10.
The room is small ______ comfortable.
Is the bag black ______ brown
（二）选择题
I like reading novels ______ my sister likes reading poems.
A. and B. but C. or
Would you like to eat noodles ______ rice
A. and B. but C. or
She is very tired, ______ she still finishes her homework.
A. and B. but C. or
Please turn off the lights ______ the fan when you leave.
A. and B. but C. or
Save water, ______ there will be a shortage in the future.
A. and B. but C. or
（三）改正下列句子中的错误
I have a book and a pen, but I don't have a ruler.
→ ________________________________________
He likes to play basketball and swimming.
→ ________________________________________
Do you like apple or orange
→ ________________________________________
Though he is rich, but he is not happy.
→ ________________________________________
Hurry up, and you will miss the train.
→ ________________________________________
（四）句型转换
I have a ruler and a pencil.（改为否定句）
→ I don't have a ruler ______ a pencil.
The desk is clean. The chair is dirty.（用but连接）
→ The desk is clean ______ the chair is dirty.
Do you like milk Do you like juice （用or合并为选择疑问句）
→ Do you like milk ______ juice
She opens the door. She walks into the room.（用and连接）
→ She opens the door ______ walks into the room.
You don't study hard. You won't pass the test.（用or连接）
→ Study hard, ______ you won't pass the test.
（五）阅读理解填词
Amy has a new bedroom. It's pink ______ white. In the bedroom, she has a bed ______ a desk. The desk has a lamp ______ a clock, ______ it doesn't have a computer. She asks her dad, "Do you have a computer ______ a tablet " Her dad gives her a tablet, ______ Amy is very excited. She puts the tablet on the desk ______ starts to use it.
练习答案及详细解析
（一）用and/but/or填空
and
解析：连接两个并列的名词，表并列关系。
but
解析：连接两个语义相反的形容词，表转折关系。
or
解析：用于选择疑问句，表选择关系。
or
解析：表否定条件，意为“否则”。
and
解析：连接两个并列的句子，表递进关系。
but
解析：连接两个语义转折的句子，表转折关系。
or
解析：连接两个并列的名词，表选择关系。
and
解析：连接两个并列的动词短语，表顺承关系。
but
解析：连接两个语义相反的形容词，表转折关系。
or
解析：用于选择疑问句，表选择关系。
（二）选择题
B
解析：前后句语义转折，用but。
C
解析：用于选择疑问句，表选择关系，用or。
B
解析：前后句语义转折，用but。
A
解析：连接两个并列的动词短语，表顺承关系，用and。
C
解析：表否定条件，意为“否则”，用or。
（三）改正下列句子中的错误
I have a book and a pen, but I don't have a ruler.
解析：原句无错误。
He likes to play basketball and swim. / He likes playing basketball and swimming.
解析：and连接的并列成分形式需一致，要么都用不定式，要么都用动名词。
Do you like apples or oranges
解析：表示类别时，可数名词用复数形式。
Though he is rich, he is not happy. / He is rich, but he is not happy.
解析：but不能与though/although连用，需去掉其中一个。
Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
解析：语义为否定条件，应用or，而不是and。
（四）句型转换
or
解析：否定句中，and改为or。
but
解析：连接两个语义相反的句子，表转折关系。
or
解析：合并为选择疑问句，用or连接两个选项。
and
解析：连接两个并列的动词短语，表顺承关系。
or
解析：表否定条件，意为“否则”，用or连接。
（五）阅读理解填词
and; and; and; but; or; and; and
解析：
连接两个并列的形容词，表并列关系，用and。
连接两个并列的名词，表并列关系，用and。
连接两个并列的名词，表并列关系，用and。
连接两个语义转折的句子，表转折关系，用but。
用于选择疑问句，表选择关系，用or。
连接两个顺承的句子，表结果关系，用and。
连接两个并列的动词短语，表顺承关系，用and。

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