2026年春沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 5 Natural disasters.词汇同步笔记(学案)

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2026年春沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 5 Natural disasters.词汇同步笔记(学案)

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沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 5 Natural disasters.词汇同步笔记
序号 单词 派生词 常考搭配 真题例句 易错点提醒
1 disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难;灾害 disastrous adj. 灾难性的 1. natural disaster(自然灾害)2. disaster relief(救灾) Many people lost their homes in the natural disaster.(很多人在这场自然灾害中失去了家园。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为disasters,勿漏写s
2 flood /fl d/ n. 洪水;水灾 flooded adj. 被淹没的 1. flash flood(山洪暴发)2. flood control(防洪) The heavy rain caused a big flood in the village.(暴雨在村里引发了一场大洪水。) 词性拓展易错:可作动词表“淹没”,如The river flooded the fields.
3 earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震 无 1. earthquake prediction(地震预测)2. earthquake damage(地震损害) A strong earthquake hit the area last night.(昨晚一场强震袭击了该地区。) 拼写易错:多音节词,可拆分记忆earth + quake
4 terrible / ter bl/ adj. 非常讨厌的;可怕的 terribly adv. 非常;可怕地 1. terrible accident(可怕的事故)2. terrible weather(糟糕的天气) We had to stay at home because of the terrible storm.(因为这场可怕的暴风雨,我们不得不待在家里。) 派生词拼写易错:terribly 勿漏写中间字母r
5 force /f s/ n. 力;力量 v. 强迫,迫使 forceful adj. 有力的 1. force sb. to do sth.(强迫某人做某事)2. by force(强行) No one can force him to change his mind.(没人能强迫他改变主意。) 动词搭配易错:后接不定式to do,不可接动名词
6 injury / nd ri/ n. 伤害;损伤 injure v. 伤害;injured adj. 受伤的 1. serious injury(重伤)2. get an injury(受伤) He suffered a leg injury in the football match.(他在足球比赛中腿部受伤。) 复数形式易错:变y为i加es,复数为injuries
7 death /deθ/ n. 死;死亡 die v. 死;dead adj. 死亡的 1. death toll(死亡人数)2. cause death(导致死亡) The doctor tried his best to save the patient, but it ended in death.(医生尽全力抢救病人,但最终还是去世了。) 词性辨析易错:die是动词,dead是形容词,death是名词
8 destroy /d str / v. 摧毁;破坏 destruction n. 破坏;毁灭 1. destroy the city(摧毁城市)2. destroy crops(毁坏庄稼) The fire destroyed all the houses in the neighborhood.(大火烧毁了街区里所有的房子。) 及物动词易错:直接接宾语,无被动语态时不可加介词
9 injure / nd (r)/ v. 伤害;使受伤 injury n. 伤害;injured adj. 受伤的 1. injure one’s arm(弄伤手臂)2. seriously injure(重伤) He fell off his bike and injured his knee.(他从自行车上摔下来,伤到了膝盖。) 过去式/分词易错:injured,勿写成injured
10 effect / fekt/ n. 影响;作用 effective adj. 有效的 1. have an effect on(对……有影响)2. side effect(副作用) The medicine has a good effect on the illness.(这种药对病情有很好的疗效。) 词义辨析易错:effect是名词,affect是动词
11 dollar / d l (r)/ n. 元(美、加等国货币单位) 无 1. ten dollars(十美元)2. dollar bill(美元纸币) This book costs five dollars.(这本书售价五美元。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为dollars,直接加s
12 Rd. /r d/ n. (= road) 路;道路 无 1. Park Rd.(公园路)2. Beijing Rd.(北京路) My school is on Nanjing Rd.(我的学校在南京路上。) 缩写用法易错:首字母大写,后接地名首字母需大写
13 Dr. / d kt (r)/ n. (= doctor) 博士;医生 无 1. Dr. Wang(王博士/王医生)2. see a Dr.(看医生) Dr. Li will give us a lecture tomorrow.(李博士明天会给我们做讲座。) 词义辨析易错:可指“博士”或“医生”,需结合语境判断
14 exam / ɡ z m/ n. (= examination) 考试 examine v. 检查;考试 1. take an exam(参加考试)2. pass an exam(通过考试) I need to study hard for the final exam.(我需要为期末考试努力学习。) 搭配易错:常用take an exam,勿说do an exam
15 typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风 无 1. typhoon warning(台风预警)2. typhoon season(台风季) The typhoon will arrive at the coast tomorrow morning.(台风将于明天早上抵达沿海地区。) 拼写易错:注意ty-开头,勿写成typhoon
16 battery / b tri/ n. 电池 无 1. a battery(一节电池)2. change the battery(换电池) The remote control needs two new batteries.(这个遥控器需要两节新电池。) 复数形式易错:变y为i加es,复数为batteries
17 case /ke s/ n. 具体情况;事例;实例 无 1. in case of(万一)2. a case of flu(一例流感) This is a typical case of air pollution.(这是一个典型的空气污染案例。) 短语辨析易错:in case 接从句,in case of 接名词
18 in case / n ke s/ — 以防;以防万一 无 1. take an umbrella in case(带把伞以防万一)2. in case it rains(以防下雨) You’d better take some money in case.(你最好带点钱以防万一。) 用法易错:后接从句时,无需加that
19 go off /ɡ f/ — 断电 无 1. the lights go off(灯灭了)2. go off suddenly(突然断电) The electricity went off during the storm last night.(昨晚暴风雨期间停电了。) 多义短语易错:还可表“闹钟响”,如My alarm goes off at 7 a.m.
20 pick up /p k p/ — 增强;改善;收拾 无 1. pick up speed(加速)2. pick up the toys(收拾玩具) The wind began to pick up in the afternoon.(下午风力开始增强。) 多义短语易错:根据语境判断含义,中考常考“增强”义
21 lock /l k/ v. 锁住;把……锁起来 locked adj. 锁着的 1. lock the door(锁门)2. lock the window(锁窗户) Remember to lock the door before you leave.(离开前记得锁门。) 过去式/分词易错:locked,直接加ed,勿双写k
22 anyway / eniwe / adv. 不过;总之;而且 无 1. anyway, let’s start(总之,我们开始吧)2. anyway, it’s too late(反正已经太晚了) Anyway, thank you for your help.(不管怎样,谢谢你的帮助。) 拼写易错:勿拆写为any way(任何方式)
23 anybody / enib di/ pron. (= anyone) 任何人 无 1. anybody else(其他人)2. anybody can do it(任何人都能做) Is there anybody in the classroom (教室里有人吗?) 用法易错:用于否定句和疑问句,肯定句用everybody
24 low-lying / l la / adj. 低洼的 无 1. low-lying area(低洼地区)2. low-lying land(低洼地带) Low-lying areas are easy to be flooded.(低洼地区容易被淹没。) 合成词拼写易错:中间加连字符,不可拆写
25 cancel / k nsl/ v. 取消;终止 cancellation n. 取消 1. cancel the meeting(取消会议)2. cancel the flight(取消航班) They had to cancel the sports meeting because of the rain.(因为下雨,他们不得不取消运动会。) 过去式/分词易错:英式cancelled,美式canceled,双写l
26 necessary / nes s ri/ adj. 必要的;必需的 necessity n. 必需品 1. it’s necessary to do sth.(做某事很有必要)2. necessary tools(必备工具) It’s necessary for us to drink enough water every day.(我们每天喝足够的水很有必要。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母s,勿写成necesary
27 electronic / lek tr n k/ adj. 电子的 electric adj. 电动的;electricity n. 电 1. electronic products(电子产品)2. electronic device(电子设备) Mobile phones are popular electronic devices.(手机是很受欢迎的电子产品。) 词义辨析易错:electronic 表“电子的”,electric 表“电动的”
28 be careful of /bi ke fl v/ — 小心;当心 无 1. be careful of fire(小心火灾)2. be careful of cars(当心车辆) Be careful of the dog; it may bite you.(小心那只狗,它可能会咬你。) 搭配辨析易错:be careful of 接事物,be careful with 接动作
29 survive /s va v/ v. 幸存 survival n. 幸存;survivor n. 幸存者 1. survive the disaster(从灾难中幸存)2. survive on food(靠食物生存) Only a few people survived the plane crash.(空难中只有少数人幸存。) 及物动词易错:后直接接灾难类宾语,无需加介词
30 similar / s m l (r)/ adj. 相像的;相仿的 similarly adv. 相似地 1. be similar to(与……相似)2. similar clothes(相似的衣服) Her dress is similar to mine.(她的裙子和我的很像。) 搭配易错:后接介词to,不可接with
31 foam /f m/ n. 泡沫 无 1. foam rubber(泡沫橡胶)2. sea foam(海泡沫) The waves left white foam on the beach.(海浪在沙滩上留下了白色泡沫。) 不可数名词易错:无复数形式,不可加s
32 rapid / r p d/ adj. 迅速的;快速的 rapidly adv. 迅速地 1. rapid growth(快速增长)2. rapid change(迅速变化) The city has made rapid development in recent years.(这座城市近年来发展迅速。) 派生词拼写易错:rapidly 直接加ly,勿漏写d
33 rapidly / r p dli/ adv. 迅速地;快速地 rapid adj. 迅速的 1. develop rapidly(快速发展)2. change rapidly(迅速变化) The population of the city is growing rapidly.(这座城市的人口正在快速增长。) 副词辨析易错:rapidly 侧重速度快,quickly 侧重时间短
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