2026年春沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 6 Friendship.词汇同步笔记(学案)

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2026年春沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 6 Friendship.词汇同步笔记(学案)

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沪教版(五四学制)八下 Unit 6 Friendship.词汇同步笔记
序号 单词 派生词 常考搭配 真题例句 易错点提醒
1 towards (AmE toward) /t w dz/ prep. 向;朝着;接近 无 1. walk towards the door(朝门走去)2. move towards the goal(朝着目标前进) She saw a cat running towards her.(她看见一只猫朝她跑来。) 拼写易错:美式拼写为toward,英式为towards,中考均认可
2 nothing / n θ / pron. 没有什么;无关紧要的事 无 1. nothing important(没什么重要的事)2. have nothing to do(无事可做) There is nothing wrong with your computer.(你的电脑没什么问题。) 用法易错:nothing 表否定,后接形容词需后置
3 whether / we (r)/ conj. 是否(表示选择或可能性) 无 1. whether or not(是否)2. I don’t know whether(我不知道是否) She asked me whether I would go to the party.(她问我是否会去参加派对。) 用法易错:whether 可接不定式,if 不可,如whether to go
4 get away /ɡet we / — 离开;逃离 无 1. get away from the city(逃离城市)2. get away early(早点离开) They wanted to get away from the noisy street.(他们想逃离这条喧闹的街道。) 搭配易错:后接“逃离”的对象时加from,不可省略
5 hotel /h tel/ n. 旅馆;旅社 无 1. a cheap hotel(便宜的旅馆)2. book a hotel(预订旅馆) We stayed in a small hotel near the beach.(我们住在海边的一家小旅馆里。) 词义辨析易错:hotel 是付费住宿,hostel 是青年旅社
6 guard /ɡɑ d/ n. 警卫;看守 guard v. 守卫 1. security guard(保安)2. keep guard(站岗) The guard at the gate checked our IDs.(门口的警卫查验了我们的身份证。) 词性辨析易错:名词表“警卫”,动词表“守卫”
7 urge / d / v. 敦促;力劝 无 1. urge sb. to do sth.(敦促某人做某事)2. urge strongly(强烈敦促) The teacher urged us to finish our homework on time.(老师敦促我们按时完成作业。) 搭配易错:后接不定式to do,不可接动名词
8 super / su p (r)/ adj. 超级的 无 1. super star(超级明星)2. super delicious(超级美味) This movie is super interesting.(这部电影超级有趣。) 口语用法易错:非正式用语,书面语可用excellent 替换
9 seaside / si sa d/ n. 海边;海滨 无 1. seaside resort(海滨度假胜地)2. go to the seaside(去海边) We had a picnic at the seaside last weekend.(上周末我们在海边野餐。) 合成词拼写易错:不可拆写为sea side
10 last /lɑ st/ v. 持续 adj. 最近的;最后的 无 1. last for two hours(持续两小时)2. last year(去年) The meeting will last for an hour.(这场会议将持续一个小时。) 一词多义易错:动词表“持续”,形容词表“最后的”
11 thunder / θ nd (r)/ n. 雷;雷声 thunder v. 打雷 1. thunder and lightning(雷电)2. a loud thunder(一声巨响的雷声) We heard a loud thunder last night.(昨晚我们听到了一声巨响的雷声。) 不可数名词易错:表“雷声”时无复数形式,不可加s
12 coast /k st/ n. 海岸;海滨 coastal adj. 沿海的 1. along the coast(沿着海岸)2. east coast(东海岸) There are many beautiful beaches along the coast.(海岸沿线有很多美丽的海滩。) 派生词拼写易错:coastal 勿漏写字母a
13 rise /ra z/ v. 上涨;升高 无 1. the sun rises(太阳升起)2. prices rise(物价上涨) The river rises after heavy rain.(大雨过后河水上涨。) 不规则变化易错:过去式rose,过去分词risen
14 injured / nd d/ adj. 受伤的 injure v. 伤害;injury n. 伤害 1. injured people(受伤的人)2. badly injured(严重受伤) The injured boy was taken to hospital at once.(受伤的男孩立刻被送往医院。) 用法易错:the injured 表一类人,谓语动词用复数
15 rescue / reskju / n.&v. 营救;援救 无 1. rescue team(救援队)2. rescue sb. from danger(从危险中营救某人) The firefighters tried their best to rescue the people in the fire.(消防员尽全力营救火灾中的人们。) 搭配易错:作动词时后接from,表“从……营救”
16 tent /tent/ n. 帐篷 无 1. put up a tent(搭帐篷)2. sleep in a tent(睡在帐篷里) We put up our tent near the lake.(我们在湖边搭起了帐篷。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为tents,直接加s
17 novel / n vl/ n. (长篇)小说 novelist n. 小说家 1. a science fiction novel(科幻小说)2. read a novel(读小说) She spent the whole weekend reading a famous novel.(她整个周末都在看一本名著。) 词义辨析易错:novel 是长篇小说,story 是短篇故事
18 magical / m d kl/ adj. 魔法的;神奇的 magic n. 魔法 1. magical world(魔法世界)2. magical experience(神奇的经历) The children were attracted by the magical story.(孩子们被这个神奇的故事吸引了。) 派生词拼写易错:magical 勿漏写字母c
19 cheerful / t fl/ adj. 开朗的;乐观的 cheer v. 欢呼;cheerful adj. 开朗的 1. cheerful smile(开朗的笑容)2. cheerful person(乐观的人) She is always cheerful and makes everyone happy.(她总是很开朗,让每个人都开心。) 派生词拼写易错:cheerful 勿漏写字母e
20 bad-tempered / b d temp d/ adj. 易怒的;爱发脾气的 无 1. a bad-tempered man(脾气暴躁的男人)2. bad-tempered boss(易怒的老板) My uncle is a little bad-tempered when he is tired.(我叔叔累的时候脾气会有点暴躁。) 合成词拼写易错:中间加连字符,不可拆写
21 caring / ke r / adj. 关心他人的;体贴的 care v./n. 关心 1. caring teacher(体贴的老师)2. caring parents(关心他人的父母) She is a caring girl who always helps others.(她是个体贴的女孩,总是帮助别人。) 派生词拼写易错:caring 勿双写r
22 doubtful / da tfl/ adj. 怀疑的;不确定的 doubt v./n. 怀疑 1. be doubtful about sth.(对某事怀疑)2. doubtful look(怀疑的表情) He is doubtful about the truth of the news.(他对这个消息的真实性表示怀疑。) 搭配易错:后接介词about,不可接of
23 firm /f m/ adj. 坚定的;坚决的 无 1. firm belief(坚定的信念)2. firm decision(坚决的决定) She has a firm belief that she will succeed.(她坚信自己会成功。) 一词多义易错:还可表“坚固的”,如firm table(坚固的桌子)
24 confused /k n fju zd/ adj. 困惑的 confuse v. 使困惑 1. confused look(困惑的表情)2. be confused about sth.(对某事困惑) He looked confused when he heard the strange news.(听到这个奇怪的消息,他看起来很困惑。) 形容词辨析易错:confused 修饰人,confusing 修饰物
25 tool /tu l/ n. 工具 无 1. farming tools(农具)2. hand tools(手工工具) The worker used a tool to repair the machine.(工人用工具修理机器。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为tools,直接加s
26 knife /na f/ n. (pl. knives) 刀 无 1. a kitchen knife(菜刀)2. a pocket knife(小刀) Be careful with the knife; it’s very sharp.(小心这把刀,它很锋利。) 复数形式易错:变fe为ves,复数为knives
27 fork /f k/ n. 叉;餐叉 无 1. a table fork(餐叉)2. use a fork(用叉子) Western people usually eat with a knife and fork.(西方人通常用刀叉吃饭。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为forks,直接加s
28 packet / p k t/ n. 密封小袋 无 1. a packet of sugar(一袋糖)2. a packet of biscuits(一包饼干) My mother bought a packet of tea yesterday.(我妈妈昨天买了一包茶叶。) 搭配易错:表“一袋/一包”用a packet of + 名词
29 seed /si d/ n. 种子;籽 无 1. plant seeds(播种)2. sunflower seeds(葵花籽) We planted some flower seeds in the garden.(我们在花园里种了一些花籽。) 可数名词易错:复数形式为seeds,直接加s
30 dead /ded/ adj. 死的;枯萎的 die v. 死;death n. 死亡 1. dead plant(枯萎的植物)2. dead fish(死鱼) The flowers are dead because no one watered them.(这些花枯萎了,因为没人浇水。) 词性辨析易错:dead 是形容词,die 是动词,death 是名词
31 cheerleader / t li d (r)/ n. 拉拉队队员;队员 cheer v. 欢呼 1. a football cheerleader(足球拉拉队员)2. cheerleader team(拉拉队) She wants to be a cheerleader in the school sports meeting.(她想在学校运动会上当拉拉队员。) 拼写易错:cheer + leader 构成,勿漏写字母e
32 yourself /j self/ pron. (pl. yourselves) 你自己 无 1. by yourself(独自)2. enjoy yourself(玩得开心) You can finish the task by yourself.(你可以独自完成这项任务。) 反身代词易错:复数形式为yourselves,用于复数主语
33 hers /h z/ pron. 她的;属于她的 her adj./pron. 她的 1. a book of hers(她的一本书)2. The bag is hers.(这个包是她的。) This pen is not mine; it’s hers.(这支笔不是我的,是她的。) 物主代词易错:名词性物主代词,后不接名词
34 whenever /wen ev (r)/ conj. 无论何时;每当 无 1. whenever you need help(无论何时你需要帮助)2. whenever it rains(每当下雨) Whenever I meet difficulties, she always helps me.(每当我遇到困难,她总是帮助我。) 用法易错:相当于no matter when,引导让步状语从句
35 be mean to sb /bi mi n tu s mb di/ — 对某人刻薄 无 1. don’t be mean to others(不要对别人刻薄)2. be mean to the little boy(对这个小男孩刻薄) It’s not polite to be mean to your classmates.(对你的同学刻薄是不礼貌的。) 搭配易错:mean 此处表“刻薄的”,勿理解为“意思是”
36 stare /ste (r)/ at /ste (r) t/ — 盯着看 无 1. stare at the blackboard(盯着黑板看)2. stare at sb.(盯着某人看) It’s rude to stare at strangers in public.(在公共场合盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。) 搭配易错:后必须接介词at,不可直接接宾语
37 hang /h / v. 悬挂;吊 无 1. hang a picture(挂一幅画)2. hang clothes(挂衣服) He hung his coat on the hook.(他把外套挂在了挂钩上。) 不规则变化易错:表“悬挂”时过去式hung;表“绞死”时hanged
38 hang out /h a t/ — 常去某处;闲逛 无 1. hang out with friends(和朋友闲逛)2. hang out in the park(在公园闲逛) Teenagers like to hang out in the mall on weekends.(青少年周末喜欢在商场闲逛。) 短语辨析易错:非正式用语,表“闲逛”,勿理解为“挂出”
39 dig /d ɡ/ v. 挖(土);掘(地) 无 1. dig a hole(挖一个洞)2. dig the soil(挖土) The farmer is digging in the field.(农民正在田里挖土。) 不规则变化易错:过去式dug,过去分词dug
40 neither / na (r)/ pron.&det. 两者都不 无 1. neither of them(他们两个都不)2. neither A nor B(既不A也不B) Neither of the answers is correct.(这两个答案都不对。) 主谓一致易错:neither...nor... 遵循“就近原则”
41 as if / z f/ — 好像;仿佛 无 1. as if he knew everything(好像他什么都知道)2. as if it were winter(仿佛到了冬天) She looks as if she has cried.(她看起来好像哭过。) 用法易错:后接从句时,虚拟语气用were/had done
42 lie /la / v. 躺;平躺 无 1. lie on the bed(躺在床上)2. lie on the grass(躺在草地上) He likes to lie on the sofa and watch TV.(他喜欢躺在沙发上看电视。) 不规则变化易错:过去式lay,过去分词lain;注意与lie(说谎)区分
43 rug /r ɡ/ n. 垫子;小地毯 无 1. a wool rug(羊毛小地毯)2. a floor rug(地板垫) There is a small rug beside the bed.(床边有一块小地毯。) 词义辨析易错:rug 比carpet 小,可移动
44 ache /e k/ v. 疼痛 n. (身体某部位的)疼痛 无 1. headache(头痛)2. toothache(牙痛) My back aches after sitting for a long time.(久坐后我的背很痛。) 构词易错:身体部位 + ache 构成疼痛类名词
45 joke /d k/ n. 玩笑;笑话 joke v. 开玩笑 1. tell a joke(讲笑话)2. make a joke(开玩笑) He told us a funny joke in class.(他在课堂上给我们讲了一个有趣的笑话。) 搭配易错:make a joke about sb. 表“拿某人开玩笑”
46 terribly / ter bli/ adv. 非常糟地;严重地 terrible adj. 可怕的 1. terribly sorry(非常抱歉)2. terribly ill(病得很重) I’m terribly sorry for breaking your cup.(很抱歉打碎了你的杯子。) 派生词拼写易错:terribly 勿漏写中间字母r
47 finish / f n / v. 完成;做好;(使)结束 无 1. finish doing sth.(完成做某事)2. finish homework(完成作业) She finished reading the book yesterday.(她昨天读完了这本书。) 搭配易错:后接动名词doing,不可接不定式to do
48 over the moon / v mu n/ — 欣喜若狂 无 1. be over the moon(欣喜若狂)2. over the moon about the result(对结果欣喜若狂) She was over the moon when she won the prize.(获奖时她欣喜若狂。) 短语用法易错:非正式用语,形容极度开心
49 especially / spe li/ adv. 尤其;特别;非常 especial adj. 特别的 1. especially important(尤其重要)2. especially in winter(尤其在冬天) I like all fruits, especially apples.(我喜欢所有水果,尤其是苹果。) 拼写易错:易漏写中间字母c,勿写成especailly
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