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高考一轮语法复习8
名词性从句
noun clauses
Revision1：用适当的词完成下列各句：
1.Last night I took a taxi, and ______ took me home.
2.Last night I took a taxi, _______ took me home.
3.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help.
4.It was raining hard, ______ kept us from play-ing football.
it
which
it
which
Tips 1:
1.首先是分清楚是简单句，并列句还是从句
2.句子缺少什么成分
3.所缺的成分应该由那个词来充当。
5.I often thought of my childhood, _____I lived on a farm.
when
6.I often thought of my childhood, _____ I spent on a farm.
which
Tips 2:
句子不缺少主语跟宾语，
关系副词when, where, why在从句中作状语,
往往相当于“介词+which”
Revision2：如何找从句（Subordinate clause）起止点
③ I think it's hard to win a war with words.
【
】
① The real death is that no one in the world remembers you.
② Everything that has a begin has an end.
【
】
【
】
起止点的判断方法
从句起点：
从句终点：
1.连接词
2.第二个主语
1.标点符号
2.第二谓语动词前
His job
His job is important
What he does is important.
主语从句 Subject clause
This is his job
This is what he does every day.
表语
I don’t like his job
I don’t like what he does.
宾语
I don’t know about the woman, Mrs.Chen.
I don’t know about the fact that she is Mrs.Chen.
同位语
Lead in：
| |
what he does
主语
表语从句Predictive clause
宾语从句Object clause
同位语从句Appositive clause
由_______引导，在复合句中起_____作用的从句叫名词从句 ( Noun Clauses)。它在复合句中能担任_________________________成分。根据它在句中有不同的语法功能，
可分别称为____________________
______
连词
名词
主语、宾语、表语、同位语
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句
同位语从句
Definition：
What he does is important.
This is what he does every day.
I don’t like what he does.
I don’t know about the fact that she is Mrs.Chen.
名词性从句
连接词
从属连词
连接代词
连接副词
that
whether / if
who
whom
whose
what
which
when
where
why
分类
主语从句--- 位于句首或用it代替
宾语从句--- 位于及物动词或介词之后
表语从句--- 位于be 或其他系动词之后
同位语从句--- 位于某些名词后面
如何选引导词：
① 名词性从句缺不缺少主语，宾语成分
②缺少主语，宾语成分，一般都是连接代词，不缺少主语，宾语成分，按句子意思选择
③不缺成分，意思完整，就选用that
Subject Clause
主语从句
He passed the exam. It made the teacher happy.
二合一变成主语从句：
He passed the exam made the teacher happy.
________ he passed the exam made the teacher happy.
如何理解主语从句
×
that只起引导作用，无意义，但不能省略。
That
三句话选引导词：
① 名词性从句缺不缺少主语，宾语成分
②缺少主语，宾语成分，一般都是连接代词，不缺少主语，宾语成分，按句子意思选择
③不缺成分，意思完整，就选用that
Where
练习一、选择适当的连接词（what/that/where/whoever/whether)填写：
= It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
1. _______ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
2. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
3. Every year, _________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite Festival.
4. _________Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public.
5._____ he had an important conference to attend the next morning occurred to him.
That
whether
What
whoever
PS：连接代词和连接副词的词后面可+ever，表示“无论......”
e.g. whoever, whatever, whenever.
三句话选引导词：
① 名词性从句缺不缺少主语，宾语成分
②缺少主语，宾语成分，一般都是连接代词，
不缺少主语，宾语成分，按句子意思选择
③不缺成分，意思完整，就选用that
用it 作形式主语的常见结构：
It is clear/obvious that
It is likely that
当主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。常有以下句型：
①It be + 形容词+that…
常用于该句型的形容词有 clear, obvious, natural, likely, possible, necessary etc.
① _____________________（很清楚）charges vary according to size.
② ______________(有可能)the driver won’t pick you up at the airport.
②It be + 名词（词组）+that…
常用于该句型的名词（词组）有 a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder
用it 作形式主语的常见结构：
① ___________(是个遗憾)your parents didn’t permit you to go with us.
② _________________(难怪)you’ve achieved such a great success.
1._______________________(据估计) about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains.
2.It is suggested that the work ______________ done with great care.
It is estimated that
（ should ） be
③It be + 过去分词+that…
常用于该句型的过去分词有said, believed, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested, hoped etc.
④It +不及物动词（短语）+that…
常用于该句型的不及物动词（短语）有seem, turn out, happen, appear , occur
It occurred to me that
It turned out that
It happened that
① ___________________(我突然想起)how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
②__________________ （结果是）our assumption was wrong.
③_________________（碰巧）he was out that day.
用it 作形式主语的常见结构：
据说明年高一学生要学新教材.
事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.
3. 碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.
4. 众所周知, 好的身体是第一财富.
It was a fact that
___________________ that they had had their military training.
____________________________good health is the first wealth.
5. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯，这很重要.
练习二、用it作形式主语完成句子
____________________________ (should) form a good habit of studying.
_____________________the senior students will learn the new textbook next year.
________________________________they finished all the work by themselves.
It is said that
It happened that
It is well-known that
It is important that
Object Clause
宾语从句
宾语从句的判断
I wonder【 whether he will come or not】
He doesn't care about【who she is】
My dad always gives me 【what I want】
I think it very important【that we should take part in the discussion】
1. 在及物动词之后
2. 在介词之后
4. it作形式宾语
3. 在双宾语动词的第一个宾语之后
宾语从句要使用陈述句的语序，也就是主语在前，谓语在后的语序。
He doesn't care about【who she is】
who is she
1. 语序
2. 时态
I don’t know that you ____(be) right.
Please tell us where we ______(go) fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith _____ (move) here
总结：
如果主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况确定，原则上可以是任何时态。
are
will go
moved
He told me that he _____(be) born in Beijing in 1992.
He said that he ______(go) back to the U.S. soon.
He told us that he ______ (read) many English novels before he was 10 years old.
He said that he ______ (do) his homework when the door bell rang.
总结：
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态
相应的过去时态
（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
was
would go
had read
was doing
The Polish astronomer Copernicus challenged conventional wisdom, which held that the sun _______(revolve) around the earth.
Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that the earth ___________(revolve) around the sun.
总结：
如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去式，从句仍用一般现在时态。
revolved
revolves
We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear.
I consider that we should learn English well necessary.
宾语
宾补
consider、 find、 think、 feel 、make、take等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后
We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.
I consider it necessary that we should learn English well
it不能漏
从句后移
3.用it 作形式宾语的常见结构：
1. I just took that he would always be here for granted.
I just _____________________that he would always be here.
2. She has _________________everyone should write a composition. (讲清楚了)
3. 我们觉得互相帮助是我们的责任.
We ___________________we should help each other.
4. 如果你能考虑我的申请，我将感激不尽。
I’d ______________ if you could take my application into consideration.
5. 我确保你不在的时候好好照顾他。(see to )
I shall ____________he is taken good care of when you are absent.　
took it for granted
made it clear that
feel it our duty that
see to it that
appreciate it
练习三、用it为形式宾语改写句子
Predicative Clause
表语从句
表语从句的判断：
What she told me was【that he would quit his job】
在系动词之后
系动词的分类
1. be 动词
5. 感官系动词：
4.六大“变得”
3. 三大“保持”
2. 两大“似乎”
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
become, go, get, grow, turn, fall
appear, seem
remain, keep, stay
am, is, are, was, were
1.从属连词whether, as, as if/though引导的表语从句。
It sounds _____ _________ someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
2.because, why引导的表语从句。
That's ________ he was ill.那是因为他生病了。
(That’s because ... 强调_____)
That's ________ he asked for a two -day leave.那正是他请两天假的原因。(That's why ...强调____)
as if/though
because
why
原因
结果
●这是因为…
●这就是…的原因
●这就是…的方法
◆ This is because…
◆ This is why …
◆ This is how….
3.连接词(who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where, when，how等)引导表语从句。
The problem is _________ we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。
The question is _______ he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
①—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I am not to blame, mum. I'm _____ you have made me.
②The best moment for the football star was _____ he scored the winning goal.
③Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”
who
how
what
when
where
4.连接词that在表语从句中只起到连接作用，不作任何成分，但__________(可/不可)省略。
The trouble is _________ I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(北京高考改编)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
不可
that
that
He was absent from the meeting. That’s the fact.
Is he a student That’s my question.
When will we leave for the Island That’s what I want to know.
Whom must our education serve That’s the most important.
The fact is________ he was absent from the meeting.
My question is ________ he is a student. 从句一律陈述语序
What I want to know is ____________leave for the Island.
The most important is __________our education must serve.
用连接词完成下面句子
that
whether
when we will
whom
Appositive Clause
同位语从句
1. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
2. I have no idea whether he agrees to the plan or not.
3. I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
4. When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
Observe and analyze
4. 在句子里担当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，说明该名词的具体内容。
分隔式同位语从句
分隔式同位语从句
【归纳1】
一般来说，同位语成分是对其前面的名词或代词进行______和 ______。
我们把对前面的_____ 名词进行解释、说明其具体内容的从句称为______ 从句 。
解释
说明
抽象
同位语
② 毫无疑问，房价将会下降(go down)。
There is no doubt ___________________________________
the prices of houses will go down.
① 他告诉我一个消息,他马上要出国(go abroad)。
He told me the news ________________________________
he would go aboard soon.
【归纳】that不充当成分,只起连接作用,不能省略
归纳3---如何选择连接词？
【思考】that在从句中是否充当成分？能否省略？
that
that
注:同从只用whether引导，不用if.
他必须回答他是否同意。
He must answer the question _________ he agrees to it or not.
【归纳】whether表示“是否”，不可省略
whether
Ex.1: that, what, when, how, whether, which
1. He often asked me the question __________ the work was worth working.
2. I have no impression ______ he went back home, perhaps by bike.
3. The problem ______ city we are going to, Qingdao or Dalian, is not decided.
4. The thought occurred to him ______ he left his notebook in the reading room.
5. I have no idea ______ the project will be finished.
6. The teacher had no idea ______ was going on in the classroom.
whether
how
which
that
when
what
e.g.
a) The story goes that he failed in the university entrance examinations again. (据说…)
b) Word came that the Chinese team had won the match.
（word n. 消息；有消息传来说…）
Group 1:
The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her .
The fact that was unbelievable astonished her.
Group 2:
We were excited about the news (that) he had told us.
We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.
Further thinking：同位语从句与定语从句区别：
1
1.定语从句对先行词起_________的作用；
同位语从句具体说明它_________的作用。
2
2 . that在定语从句中_______句子的成分;
that在同位语从句中________成分，但_______省略。
修饰限制
补充说明
担任
不担任
不可以
判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句？
1. They expressed the hope _________ they would come to visit China again.（________从句）
2. The hope ____________ she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. （__________从句）
3. The fact _________she works hard is well known to us all. （_________从句）
4. I can't stand the terrible noise __________ she is crying loudly. __________从句
5.I have heard the news____________ he visited factory. （__________从句）
6.I have heard the news_____________ he told you the other day. （__________从句）
that
that
that
that
同位语
同位语
同位语
同位语
that/which
that/which
定语
定语
总结：连词_______在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用； →名词性从句完整时，没有任何疑问，填that
而_______在从句中作成分，且起连接作用。
what=the thing that/the person who：“什么”、“所……的人/地方/样子”等。
1. _________he missed the train is a pity.
2. ________ I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
3. Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.【2019·江苏】
4. The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said.（2020天津）
考点1 (1) that\what 的选用
that
what
That
what
that
What
重温高考真题
考点1 (2) which\what的选用
As Christmas is around the corner, but I don’t know _______I should buy to send her as a gift.
With Christmas around the corner, I wonder ______ watch I should pick up to send her as a gift.
3. It is still unknown ____ team will win the match.
4. This is ______ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
总结：
what 表示泛指的事物,常译为“什么”或“所……的事物”；
which表示某个范围内的“哪一个(些)”，通常后面＋名词。
what
which
which
what
1. that 在主从、表从和同从皆不能省
2. 宾从中以下三种情况下也不能省略：
（1）有两个以上的名词性从句，第二个起，that 不能省；
Everyone knew (that) something happened and that she was worried.
（2）当that作介词宾语时(in，except, but, besides)，that不可省略
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
考点2：that的省略
1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用；
2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether；
3.下面三种情况不能用if: ① 与or not连用； ②与to do 连用； ③介词后面；④作discuss的宾语
考点3 if\whether 的选用
1.________ we will hold a party depends on the weather.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3.The question is ________ he should do it.
4. It is not a problem ________we can win the battle; it’ just a matter of time.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. I haven’t decided _______ to go there.
7. I wonder ____________he had applied for the job.
8. We are discussing ________ we will accept his offer of help.
Whether
whether
whether
whether
whether/ if
whether
whether
whether
1.__________ was said here must be kept secret.
2._______ we need is more time.
3._______ has taken away my bag is unknown.
4._________ breaks the law will be punished.
Whatever
What
Who
Whoever
Anyone who
考点4. what,whatever,who,whoever
No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.
Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ）
no matter… 只能引导状语从句，…ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.
1. ①____is known to us , Moyan is a famous writer.
②____is known to us _____Moyan is a famous writer.
2. ① I am surprised at the news ______ he told me just now.
② I am surprised at the news _______he lost the game.
③ The suggestion came from the chairman ______the new rules should be adopted.
As
It
that
考点5 名从和定从的区别
③______is known to us is _____Moyan is a famous writer.
that
What
同位语从句的名词（抽象名词）: advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news possibility, promise, thought …
that
that
that
总结：
*单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_____形式。
*两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_____形式。*由两个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_____形式。
单数
复数
单数
考点 6 Subject-verb Agreement
When the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet .
has
When they will start and where they will go _____ (be) still unknown.
When and where the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet .
are
has
1.[2020.全国Ⅱ卷] It’s been reported __________76% employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
2. (2019全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3. (2018全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
4. [2020.江苏卷] It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
5. [2019.全国Ⅰ卷] _______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
6. (2020全国新高考I）Write a poem about ________ courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
7. (2020·北京)So the next time I see that person I also see the name on his or her face, and that is _________I never forget a name.
that
whether
What
how
补充练习:
that
who
why
It was reported ______ there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. No one saw ______ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. ______ is responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police are uncertain about ______ the driver is guilty. ______the police should do now is ______they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because ______ the accident happened was not clear.
Perhaps the reason was ______ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact ______ he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted ________ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
Consolidation:
that
what
Who
whether
What
that
how
that
that
whether
1. __________________ (据报道) the murderer was shot to death on the scene.
2. What doctors doubt is ________________________ (是否会苏醒过来) from this serious disease or not.
3. ________________________________________(袁隆平院士的去世) made the whole country depressed.
4. There is still a great chance____________________________________(我们能够弥补失去的时间).
5. Some experts demanded strongly that children _____________________________（offer）for sleep and play.(给与足够的时间)
6. The reason why he has a heart attack is ______________________ (一直工作)the whole day without a rest.
It is reported that
That Dr. Yuan Longping passed away
Consolidation:
whether he could recover
should be offered enough time
that he has been working
that we could make up for the lost time名词性从句学案1
I.用恰当的连词或代词填空
1.Last night I took a taxi, and ___ took me home.
2.Last night I took a taxi, ______ took me home.
3.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help.
4.It was raining hard, ______ kept us from play-ing football.
5.I often thought of my childhood, _________________I lived on a farm.
6.I often thought of my childhood, _____ I spent on a farm.
II.找从句起止点
① The real death is that no one in the world remembers you.
② Everything that has a begin has an end.
③ I think it's hard to win a war with words.
III.判断下列从句类型

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