2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词及名词所有格复习课件(共55张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词及名词所有格复习课件(共55张PPT)

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(共55张PPT)
名词课件
什么是名词?
名词就是表示人、动物、时间、物品、抽象概念等的词。
名词有哪些分类?
专有名词
普通名词
专有名词是表示具体的人名、国家、地点、机构、月份、星期和节日等名称的词。
普通名词是特定的人或事物之外的名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
名词有哪些分类?
名词
例词
专有名词
普通名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
Sunday
星期日
the USA
美国
Jim
吉姆
book书
pen钢笔
class班级
family家庭
water水
milk牛奶
courage勇气
help帮助
名词有什么特点?
(一)名词的数
在英语中,名词有数的概念,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1
可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数之分,单数名词是指名词的数量为“一”,如 a book(一本书),a student(一个学生);
复数名词是指名词的数量“大于一”,如two books(两本书), four students(四个学生)。
使用中,单数名词用名词原形表示;复数名词形式有规则变化,即在名词词尾加-s或-es,也有不规则变化。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:
1. 规则变化:
(1) 一般情况下,在词尾加s。例如:
book—books;hat—hats;pencil—pencils;girl—girls
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,变复数时,要在词尾加-es。
例如:
beach—beaches,brush—brushes,
bus—buses,box—boxes,
class—classes,glass—glasses,lunch—lunches
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es。
例如:baby—babies  city—cities,
family—families,country—countries,
strawberry—strawberries
注意:以“元音字母 + y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s。例如:
holidays;days;plays;ways;donkeys;boys;toys
(4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加-es。
例如:
wife—wives,leaf—leaves,
half—halves,knife—knives,
thief—thieves shelf—shelves
2. 不规则变化:
(1)以o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加-s。例如:
zoo—zoos;radio—radios;
photo—photos;piano—pianos,
kangaroo—kangaroos
而有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”。
Negro—Negroes;hero—heroes;
potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes
填空
Jenny has found it easy to make__________ (friend) at school.
friends
2. Andrew often does DIY with different ____________(knife) in his free time.
knives
3. Lots of the latest novels can be borrowed in these newly-built _____________ (library).
libraries
4. Many young people look up to the basketball____________ (hero) and want to become persons like them.
heroes
(2)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。例如:
man—men; woman—women;policeman—policemen;
Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen;
German-Germans
foot—feet;tooth—teeth;goose-geese; child—children;
mouse—mice;ox—oxen(公牛)
(3) 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。例如:
Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;
sheep—sheep;deer—deer;means-means;species-species
(4) 有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数。例如:
roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,chef-chefs,belief-bliefs
真题速递
Uncle Li has a farm; there are some______ on the farm.(chicken and sheep
chickens and sheeps
chickens and sheep
chicken and sheeps
根据题干中的“there are some”可知此处chicken和sheep均应用其复数形式,分别为chickens和sheep。
选C
(5) 复合名词:
① 前面的名词是man或woman,变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式。例如:
man teacher—men teachers; woman driver—women drivers
② 如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。例如:
boy student—boy students; apple tree—apple trees
③与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。例如:
brother-in-law — brothers-in-law; passer-by — passers-by,
looker-on—lookers-on,grown-up—grown-ups。 
真题速递
Three-fifths of the teachers in our school are_______.
men teachers
woman teachers
women teacher
“男老师”的复数形式用men teachers;“女老师”的复数形式用women teachers。
选B
(6)某国人的复数 
口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。例如:
Chinese(中国人)—Chinese;Japanese(日本人)—Japanese
Englishman(英国人)—Englishmen;Frenchman(法国人)—Frenchmen
German(德国人)— Germans;American(美国人)—Americans
(7)有些名词通常只用作复数。例如:
glasses眼镜;clothes衣服;
goods货物;trousers裤子
注意:有些名词以s结尾,但却不是复数名词,此类名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。常见的有maths(数学)、physics(物理学)、politics(政治)等。
Maths is too difficult for me, so I’m not good at it.
数学对我来说太难了,所以我不擅长它。
(8)集体名词的数:
① 有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people;cattle;police
② 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。例如:
This family is a big family.
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
写出下列名词的复数形式。
 1. broom _____ car _____ tree _____ horse______
 2. bus_______  fox ______ branch _____ class______
 3. baby _______ family _____ country________
 4. radio _______ photo______ piano______
 5. knife ______ leaf_____ life_____ thief_______
 6. man____ woman_______ child_______ foot________
 7. woman teacher _____ apple tree _____ step son_____
brooms
cars
trees
horses
buses
foxes
branches
classes
babies
families
countries
radios
photos
pianos
knives
leaves
lives
thieves
men
women
children
feet
women teachers
apple trees
step sons
2
不可数名词
不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物,如:water;paper;silk;honey;cream;money等)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念,
如:work;happiness;music;difficulty;beauty;youth;poverty等)
(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)1ittle,a lot of/lots of,some,any,a great deal of,an amount of,a variety of ,a quantity of等词修饰。例如:
much money;a little bread;a lot of ice cream;some juice
(2) 表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。例如:
two cups of tea两杯茶 a loaf of bread一条面包 a piece of paper一张纸
two bottles of milk;two pieces of paper; two glasses of water
a basket of eggs,a handful of coins,a mouthful of rice
注意:我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
(三)有些词,单数形式和复数形式的词义不同,需特别注意。例如:
sand沙—sands沙滩;
chicken鸡肉—a chicken小鸡;
orange橘汁—an orange橘子;
room空间、余地—a room房间;
good(好处,益处)—goods(货物);
arm手臂—arms武器
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
将下列词组译成汉语。
1. 三杯牛奶 ____________________
2. 一袋大米____________________
3. 三篮子苹果 __________________
4. 一碗面条_____________________
5. 四盒子书 ____________________
6. 六片面包_____________________
7. 五张纸_______________________
8. 三听橘汁 _____________________
9.八条新闻 _____________________
10. 一箱香蕉 ____________________
three glasses of milk
a bag of rice
three baskets of apples
a bowl of noodles
four boxes of books
six pieces of bread
five pieces of paper
three cans of orange
eight pieces of news
a box of bananas
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【真题链接】
1. Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we are all amazed at it.
A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer
2. There are fifty   in our school. They are all friendly to us.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher
C. woman teacher D. women teachers
A
D
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【真题链接】
3. — After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.
— Why not buy some ________ to drink
A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas
4. -When is ________ Day
-It’s on June 1st, Dave.
A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s
C
D
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【真题链接】
5." Lily, let's make vegetable salad. How many ________do we need " "One is enough."
A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes
6. Mum, it’s so hot. Could I have some ________
A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream
C
C
三 名词所有格
定义:
名词的所有格主要是用来表示名词与名词之间的一种所属关系的,它的中文意思为“……的”。
名词的所有格有两种形式:’s所有格和of所有格。
构成:
1)表示有生命的名词,在单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词后加“ 's ”, 在以s 结尾的名词后只加“ ’”
如:the boy’s schoolbag 这男孩的书包
the worker’s shoes 这个工人的鞋
the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室
the students’ classroom 学生们的教室
Women’s Day 妇女节
the People’s Park 人民公园
2)表示无生命的名词所有格用“ of +无生命名词”来表示。
如:the name of the ship 船的名字
a map of china 一张中国的地图
the door of the room 房间的门
3)双重所有格有两种形式:
① of +名词所有格 ②of+名词性物主代词
公式为:a/an/this/that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。
如:a friend of my brother's 我哥哥的一个朋友
a friend of mine 我朋友中的一个
each brother of his 他的每个哥哥
a pen of yours 你的一只钢笔
4)特殊情况:
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question问题的答案
the entrance to ... ……的入口
the solution to ...……的解决办法
the access to ...……的通道
the bridge to ... ……的桥梁
a reason for ... ……的原因
a cure for ... ……的疗法
an excuse for... ……的借口
名词所有格的用法
1)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词用 's 所有格来表示。如:
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' break 十分钟的休息
China's capital 中国的首都
Beijing's weather 北京的天气
2)表示店铺,医院,诊所,住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上's 代表全称。
如:
the doctor's 医生的诊室
my uncle's 我叔叔家
the baker's 面包店
3)用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后的一个名词后加's.
如:Lily and Lucy's mother is a nurse. 莉莉和露西的妈妈是一个护士。
4)用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时两个名词都在词尾加's 表示所有关系。
如:These are Tom's and Mary's bags. 这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
根据句意,从括号中选择恰当的词填空。
1.-Whose book is that
-It’s________(Kate’s / Kate)
2. Let’s go to my_______(uncle / uncle’s) after school.
3. He is a friend of my _________(father / father’s)
4. That’s __________________photo .It is very beautiful.(Lily and Lucy’s / Lily’s and Lucy’s)
5. These are ___________bikes. (Jim and Sam’s / Jim’s and Sam’s)
Kate’s
uncle’s
father’s
Lily and Lucy’s
Jim’s and Sam’s
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.March 8th is __________Day. (woman).
2.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags.
3.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher)
4.It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)
5.When is_________(mother) Day
Women’s
women
Teachers’
minutes’
Mother’s
即学即练

根据汉语写出对应的英语。
一杯牛奶_____________
a cup of coffee
莉莉的铅笔_____________
10名学生_____________
小狗的尾巴_____________
妈妈的照片_____________
两碗米饭_____________
Lily’s pencil
ten students
the dog’s tail
a photo of my mother
two bowls of rice
易错点清单
1. 由“a pair( a kind, series...)+ of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. 衣服太阳镜放在桌子上。
This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old.
2. “数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式。如:
如: She is an eight-year-old girl. 她是一个八岁的女孩。(eight-year-old不能说成eight-years-old)
比较:The girl is eight years old. 那个女孩八岁了。
a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币
名词的功能
1.作主语
1.作主语
The baby is crying.这个婴儿正在哭。
2.作表语
You are the winner.你是获胜者。
3.作宾语
I want an apple. 我想要一个苹果。
4.作定语
Schoolboys like playing computer games when they are free.有空的时候,男生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
5.作状语
I’ll see you Saturday. 周六见。
6.作同位语
The twins, Lucy and Lily, like dancing. 露西和莉莉这对双胞胎喜欢跳舞。
7.作宾语补足语
She named him Tom. 她给他取名叫汤姆。
8.作称呼语
Good morning, Mom. 妈妈,早上好。
1. There are many________teachers in this primary school.
C
真题速递
A. woman
B. woman’s
C. women
C. women’s
2. Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the _______.
D
真题速递
A. museum
B. bank
C. library
D. cinema
3. What’s your dream job in the future, Tim
-I want to be a __________ to fly a plane.
C
真题速递
A. businessman
B. postman
C. pilot
4. Could you tell me the ______ of the sweater
-Yes, It’s ¥125.
B
真题速递
A. color
B. price
C. shape
5. __________ room looks very clean.
单项选择
A. Bob and Dave’s
B. Bob’s and Dave’s
C. Bob’s and Dave
D. Bob and Dave
A
四、名词的固定搭配
1.be of+抽象名词=be+相对应的形容词
be of significance(be significant) 有意义
be of benefit (be beneficial)有好处
be of importance (be important)很重要
be of value (be valuable)很有价值
be of use (be useful)有用
be of help (be helpful)有帮助
2.含名词复数的短语
make friends 交朋友 make preparations 准备.
shake hands 握手 take notes 做笔记
in high spirits 情绪高昂 in all directions向四面八方
take pains 下功夫 make arrangements安排
in ruins 成为废墟 make both ends meet收支相抵
take turns 轮流 in rags 衣衫褴褛
改错
1. First, we can go to Qingdao,where it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside.
2.We couldn't help taking lots of wonderful photo.
3.There are various way to get relaxed for middle school
students.
4. We offered our congratulation on his winning first prize.
5.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of
clothes.
6. Jane and Tom's mothers are discussing a problem.
7.It is a ten minutes walk from my home to school.
fun
photos
ways
congratulations
friend’s
Jane’s
minutes’

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