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(共20张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
Using language
Grammar: Word formation
构词法
(word formation)
合成法
(combining two or more words)
派生法
(adding a prefix or suffix)
转化法
(changing the part of speech)
缩写
(abbreviating)
前缀
(prefix)
后缀
(suffix)
合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词。常见合成词有复合名词、复合动词、复合形容词等几种类型。把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法叫合成法。
合成词 Compound Words
名词＋名词:
mooncake, pencilcase, lifetime,
weekend, classmate, northeast, railway,
workbook, earthquake, doorbell,
hometown, spaceship, bookshop, sunlight …
复合名词
复合名词
b. 形容词＋名词:
loudspeaker, midnight/day, blackboard,
Mid-autumn, software, mainland …
c. v-ing＋名词:
sitting/waiting-room, freezing point …
d. 动词＋名词:
playground/house, watchtower,
chopsticks, washroom …
e. 名词＋v-ing：
handwriting,home cooking,thanksgiving, roller-skating …,
f. 动词＋副词：
get-together, break-through…
复合形容词
形容词＋名词＋ed: kind-hearted
形容词＋v-ing: good-looking
c. 副词＋v-ing: hard-working
d. 名词＋v-ing: English-speaking
e. 名词＋v-ed: man-made
f. 副词＋v-ed: well-known
g. 形容词＋名词: mid-east
h. 其它:
up/downstairs, everyday, take-away, outdoor, one-way, part-time, two-month, secondhand, mouth-to-mouth, so-so, on-line, so-called, five-year-old
词根（stem）前缀（prefix）后缀（suffix）
4. 派生法
派生词一般有前缀+单词，或单词+后缀构成，前缀+单词一般不改变原词的词性，但要引起词义的变化，一部分可构成反义词。单词+后缀一般不改变原词的基本含义，只改变其词性。
分类 举例 总结
表示否定意义的前缀 appear出现→disappear消失 capable有能力的→incapable无能力的 proper合适的→improper不合适的 legal合法的→illegal非法的 fortune运气→misfortune不幸，厄运 sense道理；理智→nonsense胡说；废话 common平常的的→uncommon罕见的 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有 mis-，dis-， il-， im-， in-，ir-， non-， un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀 wake醒来；叫醒→awake醒着的 hero英雄→superhero超级英雄 wave海浪→microwave 微波 day白天→midday中午，正午 skirt半身裙→miniskirt超短裙 broadcast播放→rebroadcast重播 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；super-上，超；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复
改变词性的前缀 large大的→enlarge扩大 power力量→empower使强有力 grade级别→degrade使降低，贬黜 改变词性的前缀有：en-，em-，de-，等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；
(2)后缀
分类 举例 总结
构成名词的后缀 teach教学→teacher教师 create创造→creator开创者 piano钢琴→pianist钢琴家 act行动→action行动 develop发展→development发展 happy高兴的→happiness幸福 构成名词的后缀常用的-er/-or/-ist
(表人)，-ist(专业人员)，-tion(动作；过程)，-ment(性质；状态)，
-ness(性质；状态)等。
构成形容词的后缀 nation国家→national国家的 fashion时尚→fashionable时尚的 wood 木头→wooden 木制的 help帮助→helpless无助的 north北→northern北方的 mirror 镜子→mirrorlike 镜面的 rain雨→rainy下雨的 构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，
-able(有能力的)，
-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，
-ern(方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，
-ish，-ive，
-less (表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-y(表示天气)等。
构成 动词 的后 缀 broad宽的→broaden拓宽 class种类→classify把……分类 memory记忆→memorize记忆；背 构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize
(使……成为)。
Grammar: conversion word(转化词)
1. The tramp dreamed a sweet dream.
2. The clean blackboard is cleaned by students.
3. He studied hard and his hard work paid off.
4. You have no right to stop people from doing the right thing.
转化法
动词转化为名词
形容词转化为动词
副词转化为形容词
形容词转化为名词
Grammar: abbreviation（缩略词）
缩写
首字母缩写
单词截短
as soon as possible—ASAP
World Trade Organization—WTO
advertisement—ad
laboratory—lab
Grammar: Word formation
Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
a. Neither is there pine nor
apple in pineapple.
b. … sculpt a sculpture …
c. When we … see rain …,we
can say “it’s raining …. ”
d. WHO
1. abbreviating
2. changing the part of speech
3. adding a prefix or suffix
4. combining two or more words
Grammar: Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, __________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and __________ (known by many people).
penfriend
well-known
Grammar: Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s ________, and if someone isn’t happy they are _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great ____________.
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
Grammar: Word formation
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become ______. And we can give someone a present by__________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as _____ , and ______is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP

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