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Unit 2 Stay Healthy（复习讲义）
一、单元知识总结
（一）核心单词
1. ache n. 疼痛（泛指身体局部疼痛）
2. flu n. 流感
3. sore adj. 疼痛的（尤指肌肉、喉咙）
4. dizzy adj. 头晕的
5. nausea n. 恶心
6. fatigue n. 疲劳；乏力
7. physician n. 内科医生
8. clinic n. 诊所
9. prescription n. 药方；处方药
10. vitamin n. 维生素
11. nutrition n. 营养
12. hygiene n. 卫生；卫生学
13. exercise v./n. 锻炼；运动
14. balance v. 平衡 n. 均衡
15. recover v. 恢复；康复
16. prevent v. 预防；防止
17. relieve v. 缓解；减轻
18. stress n. 压力 v. 施压
19. relax v. 放松；休息
20. energetic adj. 精力充沛的
（二）高频短语
1. have the flu 得了流感
2. feel dizzy 感到头晕
3. suffer from fatigue 感到疲劳
4. go to the clinic 去诊所
5. get a prescription 开药方
6. take vitamins 服用维生素
7. keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食
8. pay attention to hygiene 注意卫生
9. do regular exercise 进行规律运动
10. recover from illness 从疾病中康复
11. prevent illness 预防疾病
12. relieve pain 缓解疼痛
13. deal with stress 应对压力
14. relax oneself 放松自己
15. stay energetic 保持精力充沛
16. have a sore back 背痛
17. take a rest 休息一下
18. avoid stress 避免压力
19. keep fit 保持健康
20. build up one's body 增强体质
21. get plenty of sleep 保证充足睡眠
22. eat nutritious food 吃有营养的食物
23. wash hands frequently 勤洗手
24. stay away from germs 远离病菌
（三）重点句型
1. What's wrong with you You look pale.
你怎么了？脸色看起来很苍白。
2. I have the flu and feel really dizzy.
我得了流感，而且头晕得厉害。
3. You should go to the clinic and get a prescription.
你应该去诊所开个药方。
4. You shouldn't stay up late when you're sick.
生病的时候你不应该熬夜。
5. You could drink more warm water to relieve your sore throat.
你可以多喝温水来缓解喉咙痛。
6. She recovered from her illness after taking the medicine for a week.
她吃了一个星期的药后康复了。
7. If you do regular exercise, you'll be less likely to get sick.
如果你进行规律运动，就不太容易生病。
8. When you feel stressed, you should find ways to relax yourself.
当你感到有压力时，应该找到放松自己的方法。
9. He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.
他太累了，一躺下就睡着了。
10. We should pay attention to hygiene to prevent the spread of germs.
我们应该注意卫生，防止病菌传播。
11. She suffers from back pain because she sits in front of the computer too long.
她因为长时间坐在电脑前而背痛。
12. It's necessary to eat nutritious food and get enough sleep.
吃有营养的食物和保证充足的睡眠是必要的。
13. Stop him from eating too much junk food; it's bad for his health.
阻止他吃太多垃圾食品，这对他的健康有害。
14. The old man can take care of himself even though he lives alone.
这位老人虽然独自生活，但能照顾好自己。
15. If you don't pay attention to your health, you'll regret it sooner or later.
如果你不重视自己的健康，迟早会后悔的。
（四）核心语法
1. 反身代词
形式：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
用法：作宾语（如 She taught herself English.）、同位语（如 I myself will go there.）、与动词搭配（relax oneself, take care of oneself）
考点：反身代词需与主语在人称和数上保持一致，避免与宾格代词混淆。
2. 情态动词should/could表建议
should：表“应该”，语气较强，用于给出合理且必要的建议（You should see a physician at once.）
could：表“可以”，语气较委婉，提供可选的建议（You could try yoga to relax.）
否定式：shouldn't（不应该），couldn't（不适合）
3. enough的用法
作形容词：修饰名词，放于名词前（We need enough nutrition every day.）
作副词：修饰形容词或副词，放于其后（He is strong enough to lift the box.）
常用句型：adj./adv. + enough + to do sth.（表示“足够……去做某事”）
（五）写作主题
健康话题（健康问题建议、健康生活方式、疾病预防与急救）
二、核心考点梳理
知识点1：—What's wrong with you —I have the flu and can't stop coughing.（教材拓展句）
解析：What's wrong with sb. 是询问他人身体状况的常用句型，与 What's the matter with sb. 同义，回答时常用 “have + 疾病名称” 的结构。flu 是不可数名词，前面通常加定冠词 the；cough 可作动词或名词，此处为动词，“can't stop doing sth.” 表示“忍不住做某事”。
知识点2：You should take the medicine as the doctor told you and have a good rest.（教材拓展句）
解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形，表“应该做某事”，其否定形式 shouldn't 表“不应该”。“as the doctor told you” 是方式状语从句，意为“按照医生告诉你的那样”；“have a good rest” 与 “take a rest” 同义，均为“好好休息”的固定表达。注意 rest 作名词时为不可数名词，表“一次休息”时可加不定冠词 a。
知识点3：Why not try some Chinese medicine to relieve your pain （教材拓展句）
解析：Why not + 动词原形 是 Why don't you + 动词原形 的省略形式，用于提出委婉且友好的建议，语气比 should 更轻松。“try some Chinese medicine” 意为“尝试一些中药”，“to relieve your pain” 是不定式作目的状语，说明尝试中药的目的。
知识点4：She hurt herself while she was doing housework last weekend.（教材拓展句）
解析：反身代词 herself 作宾语，与主语 she 保持人称和数的一致，强调“动作作用于主语自身”。while 引导时间状语从句，从句用过去进行时 “was doing”，强调主句动作（hurt）发生在从句动作进行的过程中。hurt 的过去式和过去分词均为 hurt，属于不规则变化动词。
知识点5：We need enough sleep to keep our minds clear.（教材拓展句）
解析：enough 此处作形容词，修饰不可数名词 sleep，放于名词前；若修饰形容词或副词，需放于其后，如 “The room is big enough for us to live in.”。“to keep our minds clear” 是不定式作目的状语，意为“以保持头脑清醒”，keep 后接形容词作宾语补足语。
知识点6：It's important to build up our bodies through regular exercise.（教材拓展句）
解析：固定句型 “It's + 形容词 + to do sth.” 中，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 “to build up our bodies through regular exercise”。“build up one's body” 意为“增强体质”，“through regular exercise” 是介词短语作方式状语，说明增强体质的途径。
知识点7：You'd better not eat cold food when you have a stomachache.（教材拓展句）
解析：“had better (not) + 动词原形” 表示“最好（不）做某事”，语气比 should 更强，常用于给出直接且贴心的建议。“when you have a stomachache” 是时间状语从句，“have a stomachache” 意为“胃痛”，stomachache 可作可数或不可数名词，此处为不可数名词用法。
三、单元语法详解
（一）情态动词should/could表建议
1. 基本含义与功能
本单元中 should/could 核心用于针对健康问题、生活习惯等场景给出建议，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。should 强调“责任、义务或合理建议”，语气较坚定；could 强调“可能性、委婉建议”，语气更温和，给对方选择空间。
2. 肯定句结构
主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他。
例：You should drink plenty of water every day.（你应该每天喝足够的水。）
例：They should do exercise at least three times a week.（他们应该每周至少锻炼三次。）
3. 否定句结构
主语 + shouldn't/couldn't + 动词原形 + 其他。
例：You shouldn't eat too much spicy food.（你不应该吃太多辛辣食物。）
例：He couldn't stay up late before exams.（他考试前不适合熬夜。）
4. 疑问句结构
Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
答语：Yes, 主语 + should./No, 主语 + shouldn't.
例：—Should I go to see a doctor for this cough （我应该去看医生治咳嗽吗？）
—Yes, you should. It's been three days.（是的，应该去。已经咳了三天了。）
—No, you shouldn't. It's just a slight cough.（不，不用。只是轻微咳嗽。）
（二）反身代词
1. 基本形式
第一人称：myself（我自己）、ourselves（我们自己）
第二人称：yourself（你自己）、yourselves（你们自己）
第三人称：himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）、itself（它自己）、themselves（他们自己/她们自己/它们自己）
2. 常见用法
（1）作宾语，强调动作的承受者是主语本身，常与 hurt, cut, teach, enjoy, relax 等动词搭配。
例：He cut himself when peeling apples.（他削苹果时割到了自己。）
例：We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。）
（2）作同位语，用于加强主语的语气，可置于主语后或句末。
例：I myself made the decision to change my lifestyle.（是我自己决定改变生活方式的。）
例：They will finish the task themselves.（他们会自己完成任务。）
（3）用于固定搭配，本单元高频搭配有 by oneself（独自）、take care of oneself（照顾自己）、look after oneself（照顾自己）等。
例：She can go to school by herself now.（她现在可以自己去上学了。）
（三）enough的用法
1. 作形容词，修饰名词
意为“足够的”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，enough 需放在名词前面。
例：We have enough books on health.（我们有足够多关于健康的书。）
例：She needs enough time to recover.（她需要足够的时间康复。）
2. 作副词，修饰形容词或副词
意为“足够地”，需放在形容词或副词后面，不能前置。
例：The food is delicious enough for everyone to like.（这食物足够美味，大家都会喜欢。）
例：He runs fast enough to win the race.（他跑得足够快，能赢得比赛。）
3. 常用句型
“adj./adv. + enough + to do sth.”，表示“足够……去做某事”，否定形式为 “not + adj./adv. + enough + to do sth.”（不够……去做某事）。
例：She is old enough to make her own decisions.（她足够大了，可以自己做决定了。）
例：He isn't tall enough to reach the shelf.（他不够高，够不到架子。）
四、单元写作指导
本单元作文围绕健康话题展开，核心写作任务包括健康问题建议信、健康生活方式短文、疾病预防方法介绍文三种类型，考查运用本单元语法知识和健康话题词汇进行书面表达的能力，贴合日常交流和考试需求。
（一）核心写作主题与命题方向
1. 建议信
情境通常为“朋友/同学遇到健康问题（如流感、持续疲劳、背痛等），向你寻求建议”，要求根据具体病症给出合理、具体的解决办法，语言需亲切、实用。
命题示例：Your friend Lily has been feeling tired all the time and can't focus on her studies. She often stays up late to watch TV. Write a letter to give her some advice. (80 - 100 words)
2. 健康生活方式短文
要求介绍健康的生活方式或阐述“如何保持长期健康”，需从饮食、运动、睡眠、压力管理等多个角度展开，逻辑清晰，建议具体可行。
命题示例：Write a short passage about how to keep healthy in daily life. You can talk about diet, exercise, sleep and stress management. (80 - 120 words)
3. 疾病预防方法介绍文
要求介绍常见疾病（如流感、肠胃不适）的预防方法，或常见意外（如轻微烫伤、割伤）的初步处理方式，语言需简洁明了，步骤清晰。
命题示例：What should you do to prevent the flu Write a short passage to share some useful methods. (70 - 90 words)
（二）高分写作结构与模板
1. 健康建议信模板
开头：表达关心，点明对方的健康问题
I'm sorry to hear that you've been feeling tired recently and can't focus on your studies. I think it's because you often stay up late to watch TV.
主体：给出2 - 3条具体建议，运用 should/shouldn't、had better 等句型
First, you should stop staying up late. You need to get enough sleep every night, at least 8 hours. Second, you'd better do some light exercise every morning, like walking or stretching. It can help you stay energetic. What's more, you should eat more nutritious food, such as eggs and milk, instead of snacks.
结尾：表达祝愿
I hope these suggestions can help you. May you feel better soon and focus on your studies again.
2. 健康生活方式短文模板
开头：点明主题——保持健康的重要性
Keeping healthy is essential for us to live a happy life. There are several effective ways to achieve this.
主体：分点阐述饮食、运动、睡眠、压力管理方面的建议
First of all, we should keep a balanced diet. We need to eat more vegetables and fruit, and reduce the intake of junk food and sweet drinks. Secondly, regular exercise is a must. We can choose sports we like, such as running, swimming or cycling, and do it 3 - 4 times a week. Thirdly, enough sleep is crucial. We shouldn't stay up late; going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. Finally, we need to learn to deal with stress. Listening to music or talking to friends can help us relax.
结尾：总结观点
If we stick to these healthy habits, we will not only keep fit but also have a positive attitude towards life.
3. 疾病预防方法介绍文模板
开头：点明预防某类疾病的重要性
The flu is a common illness that can make us feel terrible. It's much better to prevent it than to treat it. Here are some useful methods.
主体：分点介绍具体预防方法
First, we should pay attention to personal hygiene. Washing hands frequently with soap and water can kill germs. Second, we need to keep the room well - ventilated by opening windows often. Third, doing regular exercise and eating nutritious food can strengthen our immune system. Besides, we should avoid staying in crowded places when the flu is widespread.
结尾：总结预防的意义
By following these methods, we can greatly reduce the chance of getting the flu and stay healthy.
五、巩固练习
（时间：30分钟，满分：40分）
一、单项选择（每题1分，共10分）
1. —I have a bad ____. I can't stand the pain.
—You should go to the clinic and get some medicine.
A. toothache B. headache C. backache
2. You ____ eat too much sweet food; it's bad for your teeth and health.
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't
3. The little girl is only 5 years old. She isn't ____ to look after ____.
A. enough old; herself B. old enough; herself C. old enough; her
4. —____ with you You seem unhappy.
—I have a cold and can't go to the picnic.
A. What's the wrong B. What's matter C. What's wrong
5. After taking the medicine for two days, she felt ____ than before.
A. much better B. more better C. very better
6. —Should I do more exercise to relieve stress
—____. It's good for both your body and mind.
A. Yes, you should B. No, you shouldn't C. Yes, you could
7. He ____ himself while playing basketball yesterday afternoon. Now he's in the clinic.
A. hurt B. hurts C. hurting
8. We need to get ____ sleep every night to keep our bodies healthy.
A. many B. plenty of C. a few
9. Why ____ go for a walk after dinner It can help you digest food.
A. not to B. don't C. not
10. The soup isn't ____ to eat. Let's wait for it to cool down.
A. hot enough B. cold enough C. enough cold
二、根据汉语提示完成单词（每题1分，共10分）
1. My mother has a ______ (背痛) because she worked too hard yesterday.
2. You should follow the doctor's ______ (建议) and rest for a week.
3. Taking ______ (维生素) every day can help us keep healthy.
4. The ______ (流感) spreads easily in winter, so we need to take precautions.
5. He felt ______ (头晕的) after staying up late for three nights.
6. We need to pay attention to ______ (卫生) to prevent illness.
7. She has been suffering from ______ (疲劳) for a long time; she needs to relax.
8. Eating ______ (有营养的) food is important for children's growth.
9. The boy ______ (伤害) himself when he climbed the tree yesterday.
10. You should ______ (放松) yourself after a day's hard work.
三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. You should take regular exercise to keep fit.（改为否定句）
You ______ ______ regular exercise to keep fit.
2. She has a sore throat.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______ with her
3. We should go to the clinic at once.（改为一般疑问句）
______ we ______ to the clinic at once
4. The boy is so young that he can't take the medicine by himself.（改为同义句）
The boy isn't ______ ______ to take the medicine by himself.
5. You'd better drink more warm water.（改为否定句）
You'd better ______ ______ more warm water.
四、语法填空（每题1分，共10分）
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
It's everyone's wish to stay healthy. Here is some practical advice for you.
First, you should have 1.______ balanced diet. You need to eat more fresh vegetables and fruit, which are rich in vitamins. You shouldn't eat too much junk food, as it 2.______ (be) low in nutrition and harmful to your body.
Second, regular exercise is necessary. You can choose 3.______ (do) sports you enjoy, such as jogging, swimming or playing badminton. Exercise can help you build up your body 4.______ make you feel energetic.
Third, getting enough sleep is very important. You should go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late 5.______ (make) you feel tired and weak the next day. If you have trouble sleeping, you can try 6.______ (listen) to soft music before bed.
Fourth, you need to take care of 7.______ (you). When you feel stressed, don't keep it to yourself. Talk to your family or friends, or do something you like to relax. If you get a minor cut, wash it with clean water first, then put some medicine on it and cover it with 8.______ bandage.
Finally, pay attention to personal hygiene. Wash your hands often, especially before meals and after touching public objects. This can help you avoid 9.______ (catch) germs.
Follow these suggestions, and you 10.______ (stay) healthy and happy for a long time.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. B
二、根据汉语提示完成单词
1. backache 2. advice 3. vitamins 4. flu 5. dizzy 6. hygiene 7. fatigue 8. nutritious 9. hurt 10. relax
三、句型转换
1. shouldn't take 2. What's the matter 3. Should; go 4. old enough 5. not drink
四、语法填空
1. a 2. is 3. to do 4. and 5. makes 6. listening 7. yourself 8. a 9. catching 10. will stay
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