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(共15张PPT)
专题二
阅读理解
第四节　词句猜测题
1. 利用指代关系猜测代词
　(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in this Paragraph
A. Offering regular lessons.
B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork.
D. Showing no sympathy.
1
[干扰项排除]　A项与原文信息矛盾，原文提到Ho会与常规老师合作获取课程，但批评的是“不布置作业”的行为，而非“提供常规课程”；B项属于无中生有，原文未提及“额外关注”等相关内容；D项属于偷换概念，it指代的是“不布置作业”，而非“不表达同情”，且该选项与原文细节冲突。
【解析】　利用指代关系猜测代词。前文提到“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.”，即一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。随后Ho评价道“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids”。因此，此处“it”指代的是前文提到的具体行为，即“老师不给孩子们布置作业(don't give the kids any assignments)”，因为Ho认为这种行为会让孩子们觉得老师不关心他们的学业，是对孩子的伤害。故选C。
2. 利用逻辑关系猜测词义
　(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
What do the underlined words “relate to” mean
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
2
【解析】　利用逻辑关系猜测词义。文中提到，这些画作描绘的场景(如孩子在家或学校学习阅读、成年人沉浸在书中的各种状态)可能是数百年前创作的，但转折连词but表明，尽管时间久远，但这些古老的场景所记录的瞬间，对现代人而言是可以理解(understand)的。故选A。
3. 利用构词法猜测词义
　(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)The end of school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol
(手枪)．
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
3
What do the underlined words “the offender” refer to
A. The student's parent.
B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C. The author's grandchild.
D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【解析】　利用构词法猜测词义。“-er”为后缀，当其与动词结合在一起时，表示“做某事的人或物”。offend为动词，意为“违反，冒犯”，故offender有“违法者”的意思。再结合上文中出现的forbidden fruit和下文出现的return the belonging可推断，“违法者”是拥有forbidden fruit的人。在逻辑上，只有违禁品的主人(即携带违禁品的学生)会在放学后出现并取回物品。故选D。
4. 利用解释关系猜测词义
　(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
What does the underlined word “declutter” mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.
C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
4
【解析】　根据解释关系猜测词义。根据画线词下一句“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，the digital declutter要求人们连续30天远离非必要的线上活动，即对自己的线上活动进行“清理”。因此画线词declutter与clear-up的意思相近。故选A。
5. 利用上下文语境猜测词义
　(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
5
What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
A. Mixed. B. Amazing.
C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
【解析】　根据上下文语境猜测词义。根据画线词后面描述的结果：学生选择了多样的主题，提交的故事长达10到20页，角色“拓宽了我的视野，触动了我的心灵”。这些描述(篇幅长、主题丰富、内容感人)与第二段中“大多数文章不到一页，几乎没有论点”的糟糕表现形成鲜明对比，体现出结果的“令人惊讶”。故选B。

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