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(共22张PPT)
Unit 2 Sports culture
Grammar and Usage
An Initial Exploration of the Passive Voice
“We’ll be looking ahead at the year’s top sporting events”.
Review
主动语态
·This is the Olympics ---an extraodinary event that was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.
·During the early games, only Greekman were allowed to participate.
·The ancient Olypic games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for about 12 centuries.
·By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
被动语态
1. When I saw him he ________________(decorate) his room, so I had no chance to chat with him.
2. We _____________ (watch) TV from seven to nine last night.
3. He ________ (try) his best although he failed to pass the exam.
4. I ___________ (want) to help you, but I was too busy then.
was decorating
were watching
had tried
had wanted
Lead-in
5. The road __________________ (repair) when I got there, so I couldn’t walk on it.
6. The house __________________ (clean) when the guests arrived, so they had to stand outside.
7. He told me not to worry, because the injured _____________(send) to hospital.
8. I found that the meal _______________ (prepare) and I sat at the table to enjoy myself.
was being repaired
was being cleaned
had been sent
had been prepared
We speak English.
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be + done
Presentation
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
Step1: 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
Step 2: 把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化。
Step 3: 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如不需要则可省略.
Step 4: 其它的成分（定语、状语、补语）不变。
被动语态的基本形式：助动词be +done
助动词be 有人称，数，时态的变化
I am liked by everybody.
She_____(be)liked by everybody.
They ____________(be) liked by everybody until now.
注意： 只有及物动词才有被动语态
We arrived.
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
is
have been
1. My mother sweeps the floor every day.
2. Anna can take good care of the cats.
3. They can sing some beautiful songs.
The floor is swpet by my mother every day.
The cats can be taken care of by Anna.
Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.
Practice
一般现在时
表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。
主动语态：
do\does
被动语态：
am\is\are+done(过去分词)
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。
主动语态：
did
被动语态：
was\were+done(过去分词)
We cleaned the classroom.
The classroom was cleaned by us.
一般过去时
表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。
主动语态：
will\shall do
被动语态：
will\shall + be + done(过去分词)
We will clean the classroom tomorrow.
The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow.
一般将来时
被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题
①“一感觉(feel)”、“两听(hear, listen to)”、“三使(make, let, have)”、“四看(see, watch, look, notice)”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可省去。
Betty is often seen to help the old man with his housework.
②后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常常要加介词to或for。常接to的动词有give, tell, lend, show, pass, hand等；常接for的动词有buy, get等。
A special present was given to me on my birthday.
A special present was bought for me on my birthday.
③短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。
My grandpa is taken good care of in the hospital.
1. 不用被动语态的情况：
①不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如rise, fail, happen, last, break out, come true, take place, belong to等。
e.g. Oil prices have risen sharply in recent weeks.
②系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。e.g. The fried chicken stayed fresh and crisp.
2. 主动形式表示被动意义：
①某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell, taste, sound, prove, lock, shut, open, read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。
e.g. The door won’t shut.
The poem reads smoothly.
②在need, require, worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。
e.g. The bath needed repairing = The bath needed to be repaired.
③ to blame（责备）用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. I think it is you who are to blame for this accident.
1. Great changes ________ place. Many new schools ________．
A.have taken; have been opened
B.take; are open
C.are taken; open
D.have been taken; are opened
2. Until now, his homework has not _______ finished.
A. being B. be C. been D. to be
3. The window______.You need not wash it again.
A. is washed B. was washed
C. has been washed D. will be washed
Exercise
4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________ yet.
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
5. No permission has_______ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given
C. to give D. be giving
6. It is well-known to us that a lot of rivers ______ by the factories.
A. are polluting
B. have been polluting
C. are being polluting
D. are being polluted
7. —Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet. The rooms ______.
A. are being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painting
8. We won’t start the work until all the preparation_______________
(make).
9. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _____________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
10. In the last few years thousands of films ______________________
(produce) all over the world.
have been produced
has been made
have been made
Thank you!

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