资源简介

(共23张PPT)
Unit 2 Sports culture
Grammar and Usage
Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses
过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
lead
What are these people doing
They are taking part in a marathon race.
Leading-in
lead
Marathon, long-distance footrace first held at the revival of the Olympic Games in Athens in 1896.
It commemorates the legendary feat of a Greek soldier who, in 490 BC, is supposed to have run from Marathon to Athens, a distance of about 40 km (25 miles), to bring news of the Athenian victory over the Persians and then expired.
What is Marathon
Further information
My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day.
当我找到一个阴凉的地方休息我疲惫的身体时，我的心在我的胸膛里狂跳。我的脸颊通红，抬头望着蓝天，我能听到自己沉重的呼吸。当我的呼吸恢复正常时，我回想起刚刚取得的成就。六周前，我的朋友告诉我，为了筹集慈善资金，正在为业余爱好者组织一场城市半程马拉松，并鼓励我参加。尽管我缺乏跑步经验，我还是同意了。为了不伤到膝盖和脚踝，我开始训练时非常温和，第一天只跑了一公里。
Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon!
在接下来的六个星期里，我逐渐增加了每次训练的距离，也确保每次跑步后让我的身体有足够的时间休息和恢复。很快我就跑出了我从未想过的距离。半程马拉松比赛的日子终于到了，我觉得自己准备得很充分。我吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，所以我知道我能坚持到最后。我轻松而自信地跑完比赛，尽管我的极限受到了前所未有的考验。得知为慈善事业筹集了很多钱，我很高兴。我真的为自己感到骄傲，我和我的朋友们同意参加下一届城市马拉松!
lead
Passive voice in the past continuous tense
Passive voice in the past perfect tense ..., I reflected on what had just been achieved.
... a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized ...,
even though my limits were being tested like never before.
I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.
Exploring the rules
lead
过去进行时的被动语态
否定: 主语+was/were + not + being + done
一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+being+done
特殊疑问句: 疑问词+was/were +主语+being +done
被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态
+
=
主语+be+done
+
=
过去进行时
主语+were/was +doing
主语+ was/were being done
Working out the rules
(1)表示过去进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，at this time last week，at this moment yesterday等连用。
This issue __________________(discuss) at this moment yesterday.
这个议题昨天的这个时候正在被公司的经理们讨论。
(2)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。
It is said that his car _________________(repair) last Friday in the garage.
据说他的车上个周五正在修理厂被修。
was being discussed
was being repaired
(3)进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were＋under/on等介词＋名词”结构代替。
Many new inventions____________________(exhibit)in the museum at this time last year.
＝Many new inventions___________________(exhibit)in the museum at this time last year.
许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。
He didn’t stay in my room last night because it _________________
(repair).
＝He didn’t stay in my room last night because it __________(repair).
昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。
were being exhibited
were on exhibition
was under repair
was being repaired
lead
过去完成时的被动语态
否定: 主语+had + not + been + done
一般疑问句: Had+主语+been+done
特殊疑问句: 疑问词+had +主语+been +done
被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态
+
=
主语+be+done
+
=
过去完成时
主语+had done
主语+ had been done
Working out the rules
（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time, before+过去的动作等引导的时间状语连用。
1. By the time we got there, all the tickets __________________ (sold out).
当我们到那时，所有的票都已经卖完了。
2. Before we went to the repair shop, the car_________________ (repair).
我们到达修理厂之前，车已经被修好了。
had been sold out
had been repaired
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for ,since 等引导的时间状语连用。
By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.
had lived
For the previous couple of weeks, I _______________ (train) on how to be a volunteer.
had been trained
（3）用在宾语从句中，常放told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动词之前已经发生的被动动作。
The boy was reminded that his homework _________________
(not hand in).
这个男孩被提醒道他的家庭作业还没有交。
had not been handed in
（4）在”It was the first/second/ ...time +that 从句，It was +一段时间+ since从句”句型中，当从句的主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/二...次...，至...之后已经有一段时间了”
It was the first time that he_________________(reward) by his mother.
这是他第一次被他妈妈奖励。
had been rewarded
（5）在“Hardly/Scarely had...when...”和”No sooner had ...than ...”句型中，当主句的主语时动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一...就...”
The door _______ hardly _____________(open) when we could smell the gas.
一打开门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。
Hardly _____ the door ____________(open) when we could smell the gas.
过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时); by 9 o’clock(直到九点钟) by the end of …(在…结束/末之前); by the time…(在…时之前); up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）;already（已经）;yet（仍然）;just（刚刚），when（当……时）;ever（曾经）;until / till（直到）;as soon as（一……就）等连用，表示过去的过去。
been opened
had
had
been opened
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
B 1
Page 21
1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who _______________
(injure) so recently.
2. The swimming pool __________________ (clean) thoroughly(彻底) the day before the competition began.
3. He felt his talents ___________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change.
had been injured
had been cleaned
were being wasted
Applying the rules
4. Tom was told that his teammate(队友) won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor.
5. Photos of the riders(骑行者) ________________(take) before they got on their horses.
was being treated
had been taken
Further information
1. This interview(采访) was a follow-up(后续) to the one that ________________
(conduct 进行，实施) two weeks previously(先前地).
2. It was so noisy that I couldn't hear what ________________(say) on the phone.
3. I was still waiting at noon because no message of any kind _______________
(receive).
4. —You took a taxi to the office(办公室) yesterday. Why didn't you drive
your car
—Oh, it __________________(repair) because of a flat tyre(轮胎瘪了)
had been conducted
was being said
had been received
was being repaired
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
Page 64
C
5. Charles Dickens's novels __________________(make) into many films over the past decades(在过去的几十年中).
6. Despite the efforts made by both sides(双方), the differences were too great and no agreement (共识)_________________ (reach 达成) by the end of the talks.
7. Local residents(当地居民) were relocated(搬迁) to temporary(临时的，短暂的 ) accommodation(住宿，停留处) while the construction work(建设工作) __________________(do).
8. The price of the products went down partly(一定程度的，部分的) because a new technique __________________(introduce引入) to increase production.
have been made
had been reached
was being done
had been introduced
语法总览
1. One night, David came to a place where a singing competition ____________ (hold) and he entered the competition.
2. At this time last night, a close basketball match ________________ (broadcast) on TV.
3. When Peter came into the room, Mr. Green __________________ (question) by the police.
4. Bob said many activities ________________ (prepare) for the celebration of the university’s 60th anniversary (周年纪念日) at that time.
5. She ____________ (ask) a difficult question, and she didn’t know how to answer it.
was being held
was being broadcast
was being questioned
were being prepared
had been asked
Further exercises
lead
6. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
7. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ______________________(carry out) in the past two years.
8. When asked about the cause of the accident, the man in charge didn’t reveal anything and said it _______________________(investigate)
9. The movie ___________________(watch) by a large audience when the fire alarm went off.
10. It was the first time that I ________________(ask) to sing in public and I was a bit nervous.
had been trapped
was being investigated
had been carried out
was being watched
had been asked
Further information
Thank you!

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