2026届高考英语二轮复习:动词分类,5大时态和语态 课件(共36张PPT)

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2026届高考英语二轮复习:动词分类,5大时态和语态 课件(共36张PPT)

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(共36张PPT)
动词
导学问题
什么是动词?
2.动词的分类?
3.动词的使用?
一、什么是动词
定义
He is a boy.
动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词。
例如:
The boy runs fast.
一、动词分类
动词
行为动词/
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
及物动词(vt.)+宾语
不及物动词(vi)+介词+宾语
一是,二像,三保持,五感,五变
do(does/did);have(has/had);be
can, could; may, might; will, would; should, must,shall
二、动词的分类
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)行为动词
行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。
例如:I live in Beijing with my mother. It has a round face.
系动词:
起联系作用,连接主语和表语
1)一是: am, is , are, was, were
5)五变: become, get, turn, grow, go
4)五感: look, smell, taste,sound,feel
3) 三保持: keep,stay,remain
2) 二好像: seem, appear
(三)助动词(do /did/ does)
这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
He does not speak English well.
句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
(四)情态动词
这类词本身有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,
它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,
can, could(可以), may, might(可能), will, would(将), must(必须), should (应该)
第二节 及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
一、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:
Give me some ink, please.
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.
二、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
He works hard.
Jack runs faster than Mike.
主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语
主语+不及物动词(vi)+介词+宾语
He lives in Beiliu.
动词的时态
一般现在时
①表示事物或人物的特征和状态。
②表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
③表示客观事实或普遍真理。
一、用法:
二、一般现在时结构:
1. I/ We/You/They/复数名词/these/those+V.原形+其他
2. He/ She/It/单数名词/不定代词/this/that+V.单数+其他
第三人称单数
即:主三单,谓三单
三、一般现在时的标志词:
always, usually, often, sometimes ,seldom ,
every day/week/year, once a week (month , year ...)
on Sunday/weekends, 等等。
(1)He is always ready to help others.
(2)Lucy and Lily are twins. They are from Canada.
(3)They usually go to school by bus.
(4)The earth goes around the sun.
(5) I work at the school.
(6) My brother works in the hospital.
四、一般现在时的谓语形式:
谓语动词一般分为两大类:_________;____________。
经常性、习惯性动作
客观事实
经常性、习惯性动作
客观真理
当前状态
当前状态
一般现在时的谓语是:1)be动词:___________;
2)实义动词:动词 ;动词
am/is/are
be
实义动词
原形
动词单数
谓语动词单数变化规则:
1.一般+s; likes, hopes
2.以 -s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾+es; passes, fixes,washes,watches
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i 再+es; flies,studies
4.辅音字母+o结尾; goes, does, echoes(回声),vetoes(否决)
特殊:have——has 有,吃
1. He ____ (be) a student. He _____ (go) to school by bike every day.
2. The bird ______ (fly) in the sky happily.
3. This cat ______ (like) fish very much. It ______ (eat) fish every day.
4. The girl ______ (be) 13 years old. She ______ (have) a big family.
5.My grandma_________(watch) TV on weekends.
Have a try
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
is
goes
flies
likes
eats
is
has
watches
二、中译英。
1.中国有56个民族(ethnic group)。
2.我们深爱我们的祖国。
3.这部电影受青少年欢迎(be popular with)。
China has 56 ethnic groups.
We love our country deeply.
This/The movie is popular with teenagers.
3. They _____ (not be) from America. They _____ (come) from Canada.
4 Tom usually ______ (play) basketball after school. But today he _________ (not play) it.
5. ______ Lucy ______ (watch) TV every evening No, she ______.
She often ______ (do) her homework.
aren't
come
plays
doesn't play
Does
watch
doesn't
does
2. 一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)
1.定义: 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态;一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
一般过去时结构:
主动:主语+过去式(did)+其他;
主语+ was/were+其他
被动:主语+be (was/were) done
yesterday, just now, a few days ago,the other day,
in the Tang dynasty,in 1945, last +时间, at that time,
once(曾经), once upon a time
一般过去时时间标志词:
一般过去时
(Simple Past Tense)
4.动词过去式的变化
规则变化
不规则变化
类别 构成方法
一般情况 加-ed
以e结尾的动词 加-d
以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
详见不规则动词表
Have a try
1.They _______ (take) lots of photos in the zoo yesterday.
2.She _______ (do) her homework yesterday evening.
3.I _______ (go) to the movies with my parents last night.
4.Mike _______ (have) a great time at the party yesterday.
5._______ you _______ (pick) flowers last weekend
did
had
Did pick
took
went
用所给动词的适当形式填空
主动:主语+will+do
be going to+do
be to do & be about to do
被动:主语+will be done
3. 一般将来时结构:
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
tomorrow, next year,in+一段时间(将来的), in the future, soon,one day, someday,the day after tomorrow
一般将来时时间标志词:
We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。
1. Kate ____ (be)a doctor in ten years .
2. My mother and I _____ (clean) our garden tomorrow.
will be
will clean
4. 现在进行时
1.此时此刻正在发生的动作
2.表示最近一段时间一直进行的动作
3. 表示将要发生的动作
4.表示喜爱或厌恶
主动:主语+be(am/is/are)+doing
现在进行时结构:
时间标志词:
now,these days,right now,at present等
或者用look,listen,smell(常用于句子的开头,表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情)。
情况 规则 例词
1.一般情况 加-ing try→trying
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 去掉e,再加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母,再加-ing prefer→preferring
run→running
4. 以ie结尾 将ie改为y再加-ing lie→lying
die→dying
现在分词变化规则
一. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式
work_______ sing_______ play_____ study_______
have_______ come________ write_______ take________
run_________ sit_________ shop________ swim_______
die lie tie
二. 用现在进行时完成下列句子
1. We _______________ (play) games now.
2.What are you _________(do) now I___________(eat) bread.
3. Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
练一练
working
singing
playing
studying
having
coming
writing
taking
running
sitting
shopping
swimming
are playing
doing
am eating
is putting
dying
tying
lying
现在进行时 的特殊用法
(1)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(2)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁发生的动作或状态,常含有批评、抱怨、不满、赞扬等感彩。
He is always getting angry with me.
5. 现在完成时
1.过去发生的动作对现在有影响的动作
2. 过去开始,延续到现在的动作
基本结构:
被动:主语+have/has +been done
主动:主语+have/has(not)+done(过去分词)+其他
过去分词变化规则:
1. 一般动词直接加-ed (work→worked)
2. 以e结尾加-d(live→lived)
3. 辅音+y结尾改y为i加-ed(study→studied)

4. 重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed(stop→stopped)

5.不规则变化 常见类型:
AAA型:put→put→put。
ABB型:buy→bought→bought。
ABC型:go→went→gone。
时间状语:
1)since + 时间点 ,since then,ever since
2)for + 时间段
3)到目前为止 so far, by now,till now, up to now, till to now
4)过去十天/星期/月/年以来
in/over the past/last ten days/ weeks/months/years
5)recently,recent+时间,lately, already
用适当的时态填空:
1.She_____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet
7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village
10. I _____________ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me
has lived
have been
has passed
leaved
Have
found
have
had
have
returned
Have
built
have not finished
summary
1.一般现在时
2.一般将来时
3.一般过去时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6. 现在完成时
7. 过去完成时
主语+V原/V-s/es; is/am/are
主语+did; was/were
主语+will+do/be going to+do/be to do / be about to do
主语+be(am/is/are)+doing
主语+be(was/were)+doing
主语+have/has+done
主语+had+done

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