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(共31张PPT)
Grammar
The revision of V-ing
请找出下列句子的主语。
1) Smoking does harm to our health.
2) Playing basketball is so interesting.
3) Working hard when you are young
can help you live a better life when you
are old.
主语。
一.观察可知：动词-ing在句子中可以充当
注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
eg. 1. Talking (be) easier than doing.
2. Dancing and skating (be) my hobbies.
is
are
2. 用形式主语it，把真正的V-ing形式移置句尾。
常用V-ing形式作主语的句型有：
1) 做某事没有好处： ____________________
2) 做某事没有用处：
___________________
3) 做某事是浪费时间的: _________________________
4) 值得做某事：_______________________
It is no good doing sth.
It is no use / useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It is worthwhile /worth doing sth.
There is no point doing sth.
这种事开不得玩笑。
3. 在There is no结构中，通常用V-ing动词。如：
5) 做某事毫无意义：________________________
6) There is no joking about such matters.
________________
练习一：用适当的形式将句子补充完整。
1、It’s no use _________ (argue) with a person like him.
2、There is no use ________ (keep) silent about such a matter.
3、__________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.
4、__________ (make) friends is an necessary part in our life.
5、__________(play) tricks on others is something we should never do．
练习二：用V-ing形式作主语翻译下列句子。
6、照料家人是我的日常工作。
7、给他打电话是没有用的。
arguing
keeping
Walking
Making
Playing
Taking care of the family is my daily routing.
It is no use / useless calling him.
1.请找出下列句子的宾语。
1) He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. (___宾)
2) However, he doesn’t care about being famous. (___宾)
动
介
二.观察可知：V-ing在句子中可以充当
宾语。
2. 常跟V-ing形式作宾语的动词:
avoid, miss, delay/put off
advise, finish, practise
enjoy, imagine, can't help
admit, deny, envy
escape, risk, excuse
stand, keep, mind
避免错过少延期
建议完成多练习
喜欢想象禁不住
承认否定与嫉妒
逃避冒险莫原谅
忍受保持不介意
2.必须跟V-ing形式作宾语的短语：
dream of 梦想; care about 在乎; give up 放弃
aim at 瞄准; feel like 想要; insist on 坚持;
think of 认为; stick to 坚持;
lead to 导致; set about 开始做;
be interested in 对……感兴趣;
be used to 习惯于; get down to 开始做;
look forward to 期待; pay attention to 注意;
devote oneself to 献身于……; be good at 擅长;
be concerned about 关心;
3.在以下结构中，V ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略
spend…(in) doing 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing…
做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent…(from) doing 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing
高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing 做某事毫无意义
4.V ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况：
(1)有些动词既可以跟V-ing形式，又可以跟to do做宾语,
意义差别大。
(2) 在动词need, require, want, deserve后，用
V ing形式表示被动意义，即
sth. need/require/want/deserve doing
＝need/require/want/deserve to be done.
These clothes need washing.
＝These clothes need to be washed.
(3)在(be) worth后面只能用V ing形式来表
示被动意义。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
而be worthy后面的非谓语动词用被动形式，
构成 be worthy to be done/of being done
(4) V ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容
词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格
＋not doing…
Jerry's not arriving on time made the
people present angry.
(5) 用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是V ing
形式。
I found it useless arguing about it.
练习二：用适当的形式将句子补充完整。
1. I suggest __________ (invite) him to speak on education.
2. I practice _______ (play) the piano in my spare time.
3. All the boys are looking forward to_________ (feed) the animals.
4. The thief ran away quickly to avoid __________ (catch).
5. The teacher told the students to stop _______
and _______ (write,listen) to him.
6.He succeeded in _________ (persuade) her to
do the job.
10.The door needs/wants/requires _______(repair).
inviting
playing
feeding
being caught
writing
to listen
persuading
repairing
三. V-ing作表语
My job is ________ (teach) English.
(放在___动词后面)
注意：(此时doing的名词意义较强)与主语通常是同一概念，可与主语互换位置。
V-ing作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征。如果和情绪相关的V-ing形式则形容词意义较强。表示“令人......”,往往物做主语。 如：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing…
The news is very surprising.
teaching
系
四. V-ing作定语
1. 表用途。
e.g. a waiting room = a room _________
2. 表正在进行，可以相当于一个____从句。
e.g. I saw a waiting man there.
=I saw a man __________________ there.
练习：
1) They are visitors who come from several countries. (用分词作定语改写句子)
2) Three days later, I received a letter which offered
me the job. (用分词作定语改写句子)
They are visitors coming from several countries.
Three days later , I received a letter offering me the job.
for waiting
定语
who was waiting
3. 有些V-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语
修饰物，表示“令人......的”，如：moving, interesting,
encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring等。
如: That must have been a terrifying experience.
4.单个的V-ing形式作定语时，放在被修饰词前;
V-ing形式短语作定语，放在被修饰词之后。
falling leaves 正在落下的树叶
the girl wearing a red dress 穿红裙子的女孩
练习三：用适当的形式将句子补充完整。
1. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
　 2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school，most _____ were from Germany.
　 3. The question ______________ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
　 4. China is a _________ country ________ to the third world.
　　
covering
studying
of them
being discussed
developing
belonging
五. V-ing形式作宾补
1. 常接V-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词有感官动词see,
watch, notice, hear, listen, feel, find等。
1) When I passed the tree, I saw a girl ______ (cry)
under it.
2) Many people felt the house _______ (shake).
2. 常接V-ing做宾语补足语的动词还有使役动词have,
keep, get, leave等.
Don’t leave me ______ (wait) outside in the rain.
练习：
1) The teacher found that his students were talking
loudly in class. (用分词作宾补改写句子)
crying
shaking
waiting
The teacher found his students talking loudly in class.
练习四：用下列动词的恰当形式填空。
1. When we returned, we found a stranger _______(stand) in front of the house.
2.I felt somebody________(talk) behind me.
3.I heard a girl_________(cry) in the dark.
4.I noticed a thief________(steal) on the bus.
5.He kept her_______(wait) downstairs the whole day.
6.They found the film very _______ (excite).
7.When he woke up, he found himself _______(lie) in hospital.
standing
talking
crying/cry
stealing
exciting
lying
waiting
六. V-ing形式作状语
V-ing在句子中可以充当时间、原因、条件、让
步、结果、方式或伴随状语。
判断下列句子中V-ing形式充当什么状语并进行
句型转换。
1. V-ing作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking
of those days in Australia.
=____________ those pictures, he couldn’t
help thinking of those days in Australia.
When he saw
Because they were
2. V-ing作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being so poor, the parents couldn’t afford to
send the boy to hospital.
=________________so poor, the parents
3. V-ing作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given more time, he’ll do it better.
=___________ more time, he’ll do it better.
Though/ Although he is poor
If he is given
couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
4. V-ing作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Being poor, he lives a happy life.
=________________________________ , he lives a happy life.
5. V-ing作结果状语，可以用and连接。
The bus fell into the river, causing the deaths of 50 people.
=The bus fell into the river _________ the deaths of 50 people.
and it caused
and laughed
6. V-ing作方式或伴随状语，可以用and连接。
They went into the classroom, laughing happily.
=They went into the classroom _______ happily.
V-ing作状语时的注意事项
(1) V-ing形式做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语
保持一致。
Arriving at the station, we learned that the
train had already gone.
到了车站，我们获悉火车已开走了。
现在分词短语 arriving at the station的逻辑主语
就是句子主语we，即句意为：我们到了车站，我们
获悉火车开走了。)
(2)V-ing的时态 现在分词的一般式(doing)，
现在分词的完成式(having done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用
现在分词一般式doing。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时, 遇到了一位老朋友。
②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生
时，用现在分词完成式having done。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(3)V-ing形式的语态 (使用V-ing的主动式还是被动式，
这主要取决于V-ing和句子主语之间的关系。)
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t know
before. 仔细阅读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。
Being surrounded by her families, Emily gained her
strength. 被家人包围着，艾米丽获得了力量。
(4)英语中一些现在V-ing可以视作插入语，其逻
辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。表明说话者的态度、
观点等。
如：generally speaking“一般来说”, judging by/
from…“从……判断”, taking everything into
consideration“从全局考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
练习：
1) When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t
help crying. (用分词作状语改写句子)
2) While she was playing the piano, she got very
excited. (用分词作状语改写句子)
3) After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play. (用分词作状语改写句子)
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
Playing the piano, she got very excited.
Having finished their homework, they all went out to play.
4) Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (用分词作状语改写句子)
5) As he didn’t recognize the voice, he refused to
give the person his address.(用分词作状语改写句子)
6) Although he worked from morning till night, he
didn’t get enough food. (用分词作状语改写句子)
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
Working from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
7) If you work hard, you’ll succeed. (用分词作状语改写句子)
8) Though he had been told many times, he still
repeated the same mistake. (用分词作状语改写句子)
9) The plane was held up by the snowstorm and it
caused the delay. (用分词作状语改写句子)
10) I stood for a minute and looked at the blue sky.
Working hard, you’ll succeed.
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
The planed was held up by the snowstorm,
causing the delay.
I stood for a minute, looking at the blue sky.
七. V-ing一般式和完成式的区别
V-ing 的时态、语态和否定形式
形式 主 动 被 动
一般式 doing
完成式
否定式
being done
having done
having been done
not doing/ not being done/
not having done/ not having been done
一般式表示动作同时进行，完成式表示动作有明显的先后顺序。
一般式表示动作同时进行，完成式表示动作有明显的
先后顺序。
1) ______ (see) the beautiful scenery, the children
felt excited.
2) _____________ (write) the letter, John went to the
post office.
3) _______________ (tell) many times, the boy knew
how to spell the English word.
4) ___________ (not know) how to do it, he had to
ask for help.
5) _________________ (not receive) any reply, he
decided to write another letter.
Seeing
Having written
Having been told
Not knowing
Not having received
独立主格结构
分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语
一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也
就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
e.g. Because the boy led the way, we had no
trouble finding the new school.
=__________leading the way, we had no trouble
finding the new school.
1) When winter comes, it gets colder and colder.
=______ ______, it gets colder and colder.
2) After the rain had stopped, he went out for a walk.
=___ ___ ______ _______, he went out for a walk.
Winter coming
The rain having stopped
The boy
九. 需要记忆的特殊结构：
1. Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.　　
2. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.
3. Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
4. Considering his age, he looks quite young.

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