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(共30张PPT)
She is the one _______ you never forget
She is the heaven-sent angel you met
Oh, she must be the reason _____ god made a girl
She is so pretty all over the world
that
why
Listen and fill in the blanks 听歌填词
Pay attention to the underlined sentences
Lead-in
The relative clause 定语从句
Revision
What is the attribute （什么是定语）
1. Lucy's father is a kind man．
2. My brother is a teacher.
3. We belong to the third world.
4. Mother made a birthday cake for me．
5. The man under the tree is my teacher．
6. The falling leaves are beautiful.
7. I liked the food cooked by my mother.
8. I have homework to finish．
9. This is the book that I like.
（名词所有格&形容词）
（形容词性物主代词）
（数词）
（名词）
（介词短语）
（现在分词）
（过去分词）
（不定式）
（从句）
Findings 1
定语:用来修饰、限定或说明名词或代词的品质与特征的_________, _______,_____________,_____,____,______,________,_____________或_____。汉语翻译中常用“......的”来表示。
名词所有格
形容词
形容词性物主代词
数词
名词
介词短语
现在分词
过去分词
不定式
从句
Revision
She is the one that you never forget.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词代词
定语从句
关系词：引导定语从句的连词
Findings 2:
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作_____从句。被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫__________，引导定语从句的词叫__________, 包括___________和___________。关系词有三大作用：连接主句和________，代替_________，在从句中充当句子_______。定语从句分为两种：_______定语从句和__________定语从句。
先行词
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
从句
先行词
成分
Revision
限制性
非限制性
What is the relative clauses (什么是定语从句 )
定语
Exploring the rules
Find the sentences with relative clauses.
个人记叙
一个重要的差别
关于，至于
留下印象
对…有偏好
直奔主题
Useful Expressions
a personal account ...L1
a signifcant gap L4
in terms of L4
leave an impression on L10
have a preference for L12
go straight to the point L12
Exploring the rules
Restrictive relative clause(限制性定语从句)
1) Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. (Para1 L 1-2)
2) There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please ” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind ” I had to learn a whole new way of communication. (Para2 L9-11)
Exploring the rules
Non-restrictive relative clause(非限制性定语从句)
1) I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. (Para2 L1)
2) A common opinion is “It’s not bad”, which usually translates as “It’s awful”. (Para2 L3-4)
3) Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point. (Para2 L7-9)
4) As my experiences clearly show, learning a language is just the beginning! (Para3 L2-3)
Findings 3:
A restrictive relative clause is used to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase and gives (1) ____________ (necessary/additional) information about it. For the clause, there is no comma before it.
A non-restrictive relative clause gives (2)__________
(necessary/additional) information about a noun, pronoun
or noun phrase in the sentence, or the main clause. We
cannot use (3)______(that/which) to introduce it.
necessary
Working out the rules
additional
that
关系词 指代 充当成分
　　　　　　　　　　 关系 代词 that 人或物 主、宾、表
which 物或整个主句 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物或整个主句 主、宾、表
关系 副词 where 地点(=介词+which)
状语
when 时间(=介词+which) why 原因(=for+which) Revision
What are relative pronouns and relative adverbs
(什么是关系代词和关系副词 )
(1) I don't know who is the man I saw this morning.
(2) Yesterday I received a letter came from Australia.
(3)He has a friend _________ father is a doctor.
(4)The classroom ________ door is broken will soon be repaired.
（指人，作宾语）
（指物，作主语）
(that/who/whom)
that/which
whose
（指人，作定语）
whose
（指物，作定语）
Relative pronouns
Findings 4:
① who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可/不可省略）。
② whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可/不可省略，如介词提前则可/不可省)
③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可/不可省略。
④that 在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，既可作主语也可做宾语，作宾语时常可/不可省略。
（指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。）
⑤ whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose既可指人，也可指物。
√
√
√
√
√
1. Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
2. These are all the pictures _____ I have seen.
3. Fear is the only thing _____ holds you back.
4. The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall.
5. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
6. He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.
7.Who is the man _______ is standing by the gate
8. The day on ______ he was born was Aug.20, 1952.
that
that
which
难点1 ：that & which
that
that
that
which
Summing up : 关系代词只用that的常见情况
Summing up : 关系代词只用which的常见情况
that
1. Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
2. These are all the pictures _____ I have seen.
3. Fear is the only thing _____ holds you back.
4. The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall.
6. He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.
7. Who is the man _______ is standing by the gate
that
that
难点1 ：that & which
that
that
that
that
Findings 5: 关系代词只用that的常见情况
1.先行词为指物的anything,something,nothing, everything等不定代词时。
2.先行词被all, little, few,any, every, no等修饰时。
3.先行词被序数词, 最高级, the very, the only,the last,the next 等修饰时。
4. 先行词包括人和物时。
5.主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 只用that不用which。
5. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
7. The day on ______ he was born was Aug.20, 1952.
which
难点1 ：that & which
which
Findings 6: 关系代词指物时只用which的情况
1. 在非限制性定语从句中。
2. 指物，介词后。
1. As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.
2. He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
3. He is a cheat, as everyone can see.
4. The book, which Mary bought at the store,was red.
难点2 ：as & which
Findings 7: as和which 之间的区别
1. as引导定语从句位置灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
2. as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的名词或代词。
3. as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as you can see, as is expected等。
1. It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out.
2. He wears the same coat as I do.
难点 2：as & which
Findings 7: as和which 之间的区别
4.在as...as（和…一样）, so...as,such...as（如此…以至于）,the same...as（和…一样）,as we all know,as is known to all（众所周知）, as is often the case（…是常有的事）,as is reported（正如报道的那样） 等固定搭配中，定语从句只用as引导。
1. Is this the house _____ _____ Shakespeare was born (in the house)
2. I still remember the day _____ _____ I first got to Paris.(on the day)
3. China is a beautiful country _____ ____ we are proud.(be proud of)
4. He gave me a novel _____ _____ I am not very familiar.(be familiar with)
in which
on which
of which
with which
难点 3：介词＋关系词 (which/whom)
Findings 8:
确定介词的方法：
1. 与先行词的搭配
2. 与从句中动词的搭配
a. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
b. The football team has 15 members, the oldest of ______ is 25 years old.
Findings 9:
“名词/代词/数词/表示整体或部分概念的词+介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构可引出定语从句。
which
whom
难点 4：
指物
指人
1. I’ll never forget the day __________ we met.
2. I’ll never forget the day __________ we spent together.
3. I went to the place __________ I worked ten years ago.
4. I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago.
5. This is the reason __________ he was late.
6. This is the reason __________ he gave.
when
(that/which)
where
(that/which)
why
(that/which)
Findings 10:
关系代词：在从句中做主语或宾语
关系副词：在从句中做状语
难点1：关系代词与关系副词的选用
Relative adverbs
缺状语
缺宾语
缺状语
缺宾语
缺状语
缺宾语
1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
that/ which/不填
that/in which/不填
缺状语
缺宾语
Findings 10
the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:
缺少主语或宾语:
that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)
主语宾语都不缺:
that / in which / 不填
the way 作先行词
1. We’re just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
2. Peter put himself in a situation _______ he had to leave the company.
3. The conflict had developed into a stage _________ the two countries had to sit down and have a talk.
4. Sales director is a position _________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
where
Findings 11:
先行词表示抽象地点(如place, room, house, area, point, situation, case, condition, position, stage, atmosphere, spot,scene…)，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where相当于“介词+which”
难点2：先行词表示抽象地点
where
where
where
填状语
Application
B 1
Fill in the blanks with proper pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + relative pronoun” structure.
1. In the UK, __________ punctuality is very important, you should try not to arrive late.
2. In Thailand, the foot, __________ is considered an unclean part of the body, should not be pointed towards another person.
3. In Europe, there are many different types of greetings, ________ cheek kissing is just one example, and it is important to know which one to use.
where
which
of which
作状语，指地点
缺主语，指物
指物, 表示其中一个例子
Application
B 1
Fill in the blanks with proper pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + relative pronoun” structure.
4. When we travel, we should pay attention to situations ________/ ___________ there might be unwritten rules, such as gift giving.
5. My sister, ________ works in Japan, finds it odd that she has to do exercise at the start of her working day.
where
in which
who
缺状语，表抽象地点
缺主语，指人
Findings 12: 如何确定定语从句关系词？
①找先行词
②找出定语从句（从关系词到第二个谓语动词前）
③补残缺（是否缺成分、先行词是指人指物还是指整个句子）：
从句缺主语，且先行词是物填
从句缺主语，且先行词是人填
从句缺宾语，且先行词是物填
从句缺宾语，且先行词是人填
从句缺定语填
从句缺状语:先行词是时间填 ,先行词地点填 ,先行词是原因填 ,先行词是整个句子填
that/which
that/who
that/which
that/whom
whose
when
where
why
as/which.
注意that,which,as,where，the way 作先行词的特殊用法
高考真题2025
1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
which
非限制，指物，作主语
2.（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.
where
非限制，指地点，作状语
高考真题2024
1.(2024·新高考I卷·语法填空)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
which/that
限制性，指物，作主语，无特殊用法
2.(2024·新高考II卷·语法填空)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
who
非限制性，指人，作主语
高考真题2023
1.(2023全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
as
非限制性，译为“正如”
2. (2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
where
非限制，指地点，作状语
定义 先行词，关系词，种类(限制性&非限制性)
关系词 关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as)
关系副词(when, where, why)
特殊用法 1、只用that的情况
2、只用which的情况
3、as与which的区别
4、介词+关系词中介词如何确定
5、关系代词与关系副词的选用
4、当先行词是抽象地点如何确定关系词
定 语 从 句
Summary
1.Finish B2 on P21 and Part C on P64.
2.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike即将到中国游玩，请你写 信告知他一些中国的文化禁忌，内容包括：
1). 写信目的.
2). 中国常见的文化禁忌。
3). 表达美好祝愿。
(requirement:use about 3 relative clauses .)
Homework
Thank you for your listening

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