资源简介

(共61张PPT)
Unit 3 Fit for life
Reading(2): Language points
The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to plete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
B1
pace means identify wrestle with
cell fundamental affect without doubt
This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland(瑞士) announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers(遗传标记) that relate to human lifespans. (1) _________________, the discovery is an important finding(研究结果) in the field of(在…领域) genetics.
Without doubt
For years, scientists have been working to (2) __________ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community(科学界).
Genes play a critical role in overall health(整体健康). Every (3) _____ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process(衰老过程) to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to(与...密切相关) an individual’s genetic make-up(遗传构成).
identify
cell
However, scientists have long been (4) _________________ the question about which genetic markers indicate(表明，象征) a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) ______ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question.
Scientists say that locating(定位) these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6) ________ lifespans.
pace
wrestling with
affect
These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) ________ of targeting(针对) the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly(显著地) enhance people’s chances of living to a ripe(成熟) old ages. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _______________ change to the future of human life.
fundamental
means
As we all know, genes play a crucial role in shaping our lives. It helps determine how long we live and 1._______(affect) our chances of contracting certain diseases. Geneticists believe genome editing is an effective means 2.____ treating and preventing diseases. In the near future, they hope to use the technology to treat 3._____ wide range of health problems. It could be used to restore a blind person’s sight or to bring excellent hearing to the people 4._________were born deaf. 5._________(ultimate), the new technology may even, prevent the development of diseases by correcting 6._________(normal) genes. We will be able to use genome editing to increase the human 7._________(resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses, or to make them more intelligent. However, we must find ways to prohibit the technology from running wild, which means 8._______(put) appropriate controls in place to ensure that genome editing will work to our advantage.
There is still much 9.____________(explore) on genome editing.10.________ doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
of
who/that
Ultimately
affects
a
abnormal
resistance
putting
Without
to be explored
Practice
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and hope to share my excitement with you today.
女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。
Over the course of my career, I __________(see) many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing ___ genome editing.
在...的过程中
彻底改变事态发展的
none/no/nothing ...as/so + 原级+ as，表示最高级含义
Nothing is so neccssary for travellers as langaugaes.
对旅行者来说，没有什么比语言更重要了。
No disease is so common as colds.
在所有疾病中，感冒是最常见的。
have seen
as
否定词（not, never, nothing, no) +形容词或副词比较级（+than），表示最高级含义
The news couldn’t have come at a ________ (good) time.
这消息来得在再及时不过了。
Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______ (much) popular.
布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
She likes nothing better than a nice walk along the beach.
她最喜欢沿着海滩愉快地散步。
better
more
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Everything from the color of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome.
你们很多人可能已经知道，基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如；像”，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
as引导非限制性定语从句
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.
as we all know 总所周知
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you can see 如你所见
as has been said above 如上所述
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as is known to all 正如大家知道的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 正如报道的一样，城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里提高了。
The air quality in the city, ________________________, has improved over the past two months.
2) 正如几周前有人在本报中指出的那样，他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖。 (2021 新高考全国I卷)
_______________________________ a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
as is shown in the report
As someone noted in this paper
Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.
我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组）还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。例如，有些人携带一种基因,使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。
affect vt. 影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动
(教材原句) It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
(读后续写之心理描写) 这个坏消息深深地影响了我,我突然感到很绝望。
I ______so deeply __________the bad news that I suddenly felt desperate.
e.g: An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s growth. _________
Cancer had affected his lungs. _________
I was so deeply affected by the film that I almost cried._____
was affected by
影响
疾病感染/侵袭
感动
(1)be affected by　 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)have affection for 喜爱……
(3)effect n.作用;影响 effective adj.有效果的
have an effect/influence/impact on 对……产生影响
①(2023 全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm
animal quarters is also highly _________(effect) at getting grizzlies away.
②Table tennis is the only sport that my son has _________(affect) for.
③④As is known to us, smoking __________________our health.
众所周知,吸烟对我们的健康有不良影响。
effective
affection
has a bad effect on
contract vt. ① 感染疾病 ② vi & vt. 缩小,收缩 ③与…订立合同(契约)
n. 合同，合约
a. Unfortunately, he contracted cancer at a very young age.
感染疾病 contract a disease / virus
b. They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.
c. You shouldn’t enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully.
合同 enter into/ make/ sign a contract with sb与某人订立合同
d. New research shows that an excess(过量) of salt can contract muscles.
收缩
与…订立合同(契约) contract to do sth 签约干…
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、刪除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修正。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。
vt. 识别，辨认；发现；确认
(1) identify with sb. /sth.
(2) identification n. 鉴定，识别；认同
(3) n. 身份
Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer.
科学家发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
Geneticists have been trying to identify ______ genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and ____________(prevent). (L14)
(
)
宾语从句
as引导原因状语从句
有关，涉及
which
prevention
与……共情
identity
He was too far away to be able ___________ faces.
Many readers identify ______ the characters in her novels.
The results were _________ to those of the first test.
The police are trying to discover the ________ of the killer.
You should not identify wealth ______ happiness.
to identify
with
identical
identity
with
与…一致
认为….等同于
Practice
relate vt. & vi. 联系,使有联系; 叙述,讲述
relate to 涉及;了解
relate...to... 把…和…联系起来
related adj.有关联的;有亲属关系的
be related to (doing sth) ...与… 有关;与…有亲属关系,
relation n.关系;联系 relative adj.相对的 n.亲戚
in relation to 关于,涉及; 相对…而言
①It is difficult to relate his argument ______the facts.
②He found it difficult to sustain good ____________(relate) with
them.
③Let your expertise/ eksp ti z/ (专长) in one field fuel your
passions(激发你的激情 ) in all_________ (relate) areas.
完成句子
④政府建议张贴与禁烟有关的标志。
Putting up signs ______ ____ _______ ___________was advised by the government.
to　
relationship　
related
related to prohibiting smoking
Practice
by all means by no means
by means of
v. ____________________ 意思是；意味着；意欲 adj. 吝啬刻薄的
n. ________ 意思；意义 adj. ____________ 意味深长的
n.(单复数同形)手段，方式
He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.
他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。
It is by no means accidental.
事出有因。
mean(meant,meant)　
meaning　
meaningful　
means
尽一切办法，务必
绝不
借助；依靠
特别提醒
means 单复数同形
means 作主语，被every，each 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式;
被all, several, many 等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
All possible means have been tried, but not every means works.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。
〝用这种方法"的表达还有：
in this way with this method in this manner
翻译：
a. He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.
他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。
b. It is by no means accidental.
单句语法填空
(1). We are likely to finish the task ahead of time _____ means of our hard
work.
(2). The girl is overweight. She tries to lose weight by means of __________
(keep) a balanced diet.
(3). All means _____________ (try ) so far to contact him but in vain.
(4). ______ no means shall I make an apology to him. After all he was at fault.
by
事出有因。
keeping
have been tried
By
It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or _________(replace) specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology _________(treat) a wide range of health problems.
apply sth. to sth.
apply to sb./sth. for sth.
apply oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 全神贯注于做某事
n.申请；应用 n.申请人
把...应用于
大范围的，多种多样的
to treat
replacing
把……应用到
向……申请……
application
applicant
The advertisement for engineers on the Internet attracted many ___________(apply).
The man’s ___________(apply) for membership of the club was turned down.
Apply the cream evenly ________ your face and neck.
applicants
application
to
adv. 均匀地、相等地
Practice
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性失聪的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将导致我们的医疗保健方法发生根本性变化。
restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位
(教材原句)Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
( )
(1)restore sth. to 恢复某事物到某状态
restore sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
(2)restoration n. 恢复;复位;归还
①Fortunately, the stolen car _____________(restore) to its owner at last.
②These policies are designed _________(restore)public confidence in the economy.
③The ___________ (restore) took almost six thousand man-hours over four years.
was restored
to restore
restoration
Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible __________ (prevent) diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. (L21)
这些新的基因组可能更好地保护基因多样性。
The new genome will make it possible to better protect genetic diversity.
真正宾语
形式宾语
最终这项新技术甚至可以通过早期纠正不正常的基因使阻止疾病发展成为可能。
adv. 最终
在早期
非正常的
v. 纠正
to prevent
make + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正宾语
“vt. + it + 宾语补主语 + 真正的宾语” 结构中：
常见的动词是：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel
it作形式宾语
宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词
真正的宾语常见的形式是：动词不定式、动名词和从句。
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I find ____________ easy enough to get on with Pam.
2) Robert ____________ (think) it a pity that he missed the party.
3) New technologies have made it possible ____________ (turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost.
it
thought
to turn
Practice
fundamental adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的　n.基本规律,根本法则,基础
【教材原句】Genome editing,serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases,will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
基因组编辑,作为一种对抗疾病的新武器,将导致我们医疗保健方法的根本改变。
【归纳拓展】
be fundamental to sth对某事是基本的
fundamentally adv.根本地,从根本上;基础地
单句填空
①He taught me the 　　　　　　　　　 (fundamental) of the job.
②Success depends 　　　　　　　　(fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
完成句子
③对语法的一些理解是学习一门语言的基础。
Some understanding of grammar 　　 　　 　　　 　 learning a language.
fundamentals
fundamentally
is fundamental to
Practice
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
As the technology continues to develop ___ a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it _______________(appropriate). (line 25)
arise-arose-arisen
(1)arise from/out of 由……引起，产生于
(2)arouse vt. 激发 arouse one's interest/curiosity
(3) raise vt.举起；提高；提出(问题)；筹集；养育 【及物】
raise one's awareness of... 提升某人的……意识
(4)rise vi. 上升，增长 【不及物动词】
Vi：产生、出现 同义词：occur
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
随着.....,引时间状语从句
快速地
at
appropriately
rise (rose, risen) vi. 常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、
温度、物价等，无被动语态。
arise (arose, arisen) vi. (问题，困难等)出现；发生，产生,
主语一般为problem, trouble, quarrel, misunderstanding,
disagreement等。
raise (raised, raised) vt. 往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义,
可用于被动语态。
【拓展】rise, arise, raise的区别
The moon has risen above the hills.
The river has risen by several meters.
Problems arose from the outset.
How did the quarrel arise
Salaries have now been raised.
Heavy rain raised the river stage.
【语境应用】选用适当的词并用其正确形式填空 (raise; rise; arise) 。
1) Sales ________ by 20% over the Christmas period.
2) The problem may not ________, but there’s no harm in preparing for it.
3) Her parents died when she was a baby and she was ________ by her grandparents.
rose
arise
raised
Practice
Should we restrict our use of this technology ___ the treatment and prevention of diseases （L26）
我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面
restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
restrict sth. to sb. / sth. 将……限定到……
restricted adj.有限的；受限制的；受控制的
be restricted to sb 局限于某人
restriction n.限制，约束；限制法规
make restrictions on 对……有限制
to
The new law _________ smoking in public places.
2. In future we will restrict class sizes ____ 20 students.
3. There are ____________ on what you can bring into our school.
4. The competition is 　　　　　 (restrict) to players under the age of 23.
restricts
to
restrictions
restricted
Practice
Should we prohibit geneticists from ______(use) it to enhance healthy bodies
prohibit/ban _______ sth; 禁止做某事
禁止某人做某事
prohibit/ban>forbid>prevent
严禁吸咽!
Smoking is strictly prohibited!
Please note that any ____________ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
prohibited
（尤指以法令）禁止≈ban
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
v. 加强，增加
using
prohibit/ban sb. from doing sth.
doing
禁止做某事
discourage
ban
prevent
forbid
keep
stop
sb. from doing sth.
One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.
不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造一些所谓的“定制/编辑婴儿”。
One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human resistance ____ colds and flus, to make people taller... (L 29)
n. 抵抗力；反抗
(1)resistance to sb/sth 对...的反抗/抵抗力
(2) v.抵抗，抗拒 resist ______ sth.
(3) adj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的
Jim觉得很难抵挡逃课的诱惑。
Jim found it hard to resist the temptation to miss the class.
It is the easiest of crops to grow and is seemingly __________ (resist) to any disease.
resistant
to
resist
resistant
doing
However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位/就绪，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。没有它们,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
wrestle vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤
【教材原句】Philosophers,geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.
哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都开始努力处理这样的道德问题。
【归纳拓展】
wrestle with sb跟某人摔跤
wrestle with sth奋力对付某事,努力处理某事
wrestle to do sth努力做某事
wrestling n.摔跤;扭斗
wrestler n.摔跤选手,搏斗者
单句填空
①She had spent the whole weekend wrestling 　　　　　the problem.
②She has been wrestling 　　　　　　　(raise) the money all year.
③Wise words considering being fleet of foot is how a 　　　　　(wrestle) starts his day.
句式升级
④We will make great efforts to achieve the Chinese dream.
→We will 　　　　　　　　　　　the Chinese dream.
with
to raise
wrestler　
wrestle to achieve
Practice
Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how _________ (keep) the technology from running wild.
哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。
keep sth from doing sth 阻止....做某事
run wild 失控
弄清楚，计算出，解决
to keep
句意：我们必须弄清楚如何防止技术失控。
We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.
figure out 想出；理解；弄清楚
例：这是个绝佳方法来帮助你弄清楚这个问题。
This is a perfect way to help you ________ this problem.
figure out
run wild: to grow or develop freely without any control
行为失控，不受约束
例：常青藤长疯了。
The ivy ___________.
has run wild
疑问词+不定式
疑问代词（who,what, which等）、疑问副词（when, where, how等），whether后跟不定式，构成”疑问词+不定式“ 结构，可作主语，宾语，表语，同位语等。
We don’t know what _________ (do) with such a difficult problem.
我们不知道如何处理这样一个难题。
Where ___________(go) tomorrow has not beed decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
He has to learn how __________ (hunt) for food, and make fire.
他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。
to do
to go
to hunt
mean doing… 意味着
put...in place 准备就绪
work/be to one's advantage 对……有利
新规章制度最终将对我们有利。
Ultimately, the new regulations will work/be to our advantage.
This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. (L35)
这意味着适当的管制要准备到位以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。
Without虚拟语气
Without electricity, human life would be quite different.
Without your advice, I would have failed.
Without sth. 主语+ would/ could/ might/ should + do sth.
have done sth.
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science. Thank you for listening.
在基因组编辑这个主题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。
【Debate】
debate on/about/over...就……辩论
debate sth with sb与某人辩论某事
debate oneself仔细考虑;思考
have a debate进行讨论/辩论
under debate在讨论中
beyond/without debate无可争辩
debater n.参加讨论者
单句填空
①The suggestion he put forward is still 　　　　　debate.
②They debated 　　　　　　who was to blame for the traffic accident until it was 9 o’clock.
③I don’t want to debate such things 　　　　　you.
④He is a skilled 　　　　　　(debate) and had a deep knowledge of the content.
under
about/on/over
with
debater　
Practice
【归纳拓展】
no doubt无疑,很可能(常在句中作状语)
in doubt不肯定;不确定
have any/no doubt about...怀疑/不怀疑……
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether/if...怀疑是否……
don’t doubt that...不怀疑……
doubt whether/if...怀疑/不相信是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问,的确
①There is still some doubt 　 　　　　　the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
②I don’t doubt 　　　　 　my father will come to watch my performance,but I doubt whether he can come on time.
③He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt 　　 　　　it.
④In the near future,it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be 　　　　　doubt.
whether/if
that
about
in
Practice
As I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as _______________（改变游戏规则的）as genome editing.
It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of _____________ (contract) certain diseases.
Geneticists have been trying to _______________ (找到) which genes relate ________which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective____________ (方法) of disease treatment and prevention.
game-changing
contracting
identify
to
means
Text Review
In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology __________ treat a wide range of health problems.
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to ___________ (恢复) a blind person’s ____________ (视力) or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
Genome editing, __________(serve) as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a _____________ (根本的) change in our approach __________ health care.
________the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions __________ (出现) about how to use it appropriately.
to
restore
vision
serving
fundamental
As
arise
to
Should we _________ (限制) our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases
Should we _________ (prohibition) geneticists _________ using it to enhance healthy bodies
One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human _________ (resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller ...
This means _________(put) appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will _________ ______________. (对我们有利)
restrict
prohibit
from
resistance
putting
work to our advantage
Thank you!

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