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高中英语外研版2019必修第一册
Unit 1 A New Start
Using language
Learning objectives
To go over the 7 basic sentence structures;
To tell different parts of the sentence from the others;
To use the basic sentence structures properly.
By the end of the class, we will be able to:
句子成分与简单句的基本句型
句子成分
1
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
Members of sentences 句子成分
I’m the head of the family, so people call me “the subject”.
主语
我是一家之主，我做主语。
主语
是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。
I am the head of the family.
Seeing is believing.
To say is one thing, and to do is another.
Two in distress makes the sorrow less.
What he said impressed me a lot.
The sun rises in the east.
代词
动名词
不定式
数词
从句
（一）主语：放句首。
名词
Members of sentences 句子成分
Without me, without home.
I’m the most important one, so people call me “the predicate verb”.
谓语动词
没有我就没有家，我是最重要的谓语动词。
谓语动词
是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）
（二）谓语：主语之后。由动词担任
(1)由实义动词或动词短语做谓语
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
(2)情态动词 + 动词原形
He can speak English well.
(3)助动词 （do/ does/ did）+动词原形;
完成时助动词（have/has/had +过去分词）
She doesn’t talk with her sister.
I have seen this man before.
(4)系动词
We are Chinese.
常见系动词口诀
am
is
are
look
feel
smell
taste
sound
seem
appear
become
turn
get
grow
go
keep
stay
remain
I have a best friend. Her name is Jenny. We look after each other. But she doesn’t like talking too much. She can keep quiet for a whole day.
单个实义动词
系动词
动词短语
助动词+动词原型
情态动词+动词原型
————
————————
———
————————
————————
I’m the object. I always follow my mom.
宾语
我叫宾语。我是妈妈生的，所以老跟在妈妈后面。
宾语
Members of sentences 句子成分
动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后
Show your passport, please.
She didn’t say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词 ）
　( 代词）
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
（不定式）
（动名词）
（句子）
（三）宾语：放在动词、介词之后
宾语分为直接宾语(direct object)
和间接宾语(indirect object).
直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
（承受者）
↓
直接
宾语
（对象）
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（三）宾语:类型
Members of sentences 句子成分
My mom asks my grandma to take care of me. So we call her “Objective complement”.
宾语补足语: object complement
妈妈忙不过来了，所以就请了位奶奶专门照看我，给家里补充个帮手,奶奶就叫宾补。
宾补
说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
She asked the baby to stop crying.
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
（四）宾补：常见于固搭中
find sth adj\ make sb do\ ask sb to do\see sb doing
I found the book interesting.
I saw her laughing .
He made the boy cry.
形容词
现在分词
动词
Members of sentences 句子成分
表语:predicative
表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。
（五）表语：放在系动词之后
常见系动词口诀
am
is
are
look
feel
smell
taste
sound
seem
appear
become
turn
get
grow
go
keep
stay
remain
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
I’m happy today.
Who was the first
He is out of condition.
over
to know the truth
happy
the first
out of condition
请找出下列句子的表语
My father bought a nice red car.
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
（六）定语（attribute）：修饰或限制名词或代词
前置定语：形容词、数词。
后置定语：词组、句子
The girl in red is his sister.
Do you know the man who shopped just now
She is a nice sister.
（六）定语：分类
定语：①修饰名词或代词；②前置定语（形容词\数词充当）后置定语（短语\句子充当）③翻译为”...的“
He is a boy.
There are students.
There is a baby.
The girl is his sister.
clever
4
sleeping
in the classroom
I will be back
They are playing
He was late
He got up so late
in two days.
on the playground.
because he got up late.
that I missed the train.
（七）状语（adverb）：时间、地点、原因、状态、结果、目的、伴随、程度等
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
结果状语
This is Jason,
The news worries us.（同从）
my idol.
that he is ill
（八）同位语(appositive)：进一步解释名词\代词
Let's sum up 总结八大句子成分
主语
谓语
宾补
宾语
表语
定语
状语
简单句的基本句型
2
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型五： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
主谓VS主谓宾
找动词
找其他
本句中的动词本身意思完整吗？
动作由主语发出后有作用对象吗？
主
谓
I
can jump.
He
is running.
You
smiled.
意义完整
主
谓
宾
I
love
you.
He
teaches
English.
She
hit
the wall.
Vi.不及物动词
无作用对象
不接宾语
动作发出者
动作承受者
→
Vt.及物动词
找动词
主系表 VS 主谓宾
主
系
表
＝
→
I
am
a sheep.
He
became
rich.
You
look
terrible.
状态，变化，感官的存在性
主
谓
宾
I
love
you.
He
teaches
English.
She
hit
the wall.
具体实际动作的流动性
找其他
找动词
找其他
找动词
间接宾语 VS 直接宾语
He
feeds
me
grass.
He
gave
a book
to me.
She
lent
a pen
to me.
I
taught
him
a song.
主
谓
宾
间宾表人
直宾表物
找其他
判宾语
找动词
主谓双宾 VS 主谓宾补
判断主谓之外的部分是否可以划等号
I
taught
him
a song.
You
made
me
happy.
主
谓
找主语
剩余两个部分是否可以划等号？
＝
≠
双宾
宾
补
LET'S ROLL IT
简单句的基本句型
2
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型五： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
Observe these sentences from this unit.
Read and point out their sentence structures.
1. I saw a white-haired man.
2. I replied.
3. He gave me a smile.
4. I breathed deeply.
5. I looked at them in panic.
6. I was embarrassed.
7. His words made me a lot more relaxed.
主+谓 SV
主+系+ 表S+link-Ｖ+P
主+谓+宾SVO
主+谓+直宾+间宾SVOO
主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC
主+谓+状语SVA
主+谓+宾+状SVOA
Look at the pictures and tell the story with your own ending. See how many different basic sentence structures you can see. (Page 6)
Activity 2
2
2
nervous/embarrassed
butterflies in one’s stomach
breathe deeply
keep calm
in panic
turn on one’s brain
the engine wouldn’t start
You may tell the story, using the following phrases.
Look at the pictures and tell the story with your own ending. See how many different basic sentence structures you can see. (Page 6)
Activity 2
2
One day, Mike was holding his books into the classroom. (SVOA) He hurried to carry the books to his seats. (SVA) He didn’t notice anything on the desks. (SVOA)
Look at the pictures and tell the story with your own ending. See how many different basic sentence structures you can see. (Page 6)
Activity 2
2
At this moment, he hit the MP4 on the desk accidentally.(SVOA) The MP4 fell off the desk and he didn’t know what to do. (SVO) (SVO)
He was embarrassed about it. (SP)
Look at the pictures and tell the story with your own ending. See how many different basic sentence structures you can see. (Page 6)
Activity 2
2
Finally, he decided to admit his mistake and apologize to Lily.(SVO) To his surprise, Lily didn’t blame him for it, which made Mike feel a lot more relaxed. (SVO)(SVOC) However, Mike promised to buy a new one for her and be more careful in future. (SVO)(SP) Since then, they understood each other and became good friends. (SVO)(SP)
复盘
One day, Mike was holding his books into the classroom. He hurried to carry the books to his seats. He didn’t notice anything on the desks.
At this moment, he hit the MP4 on the desk accidentally. The MP4 fell off the desk and he didn’t know what to do. He tried to turn on his brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. He tried to keep calm and picked up the broken MP4 in panic, picturing over and over again in his mind how angry Lily would be. With butterflies in his stomach, he thought Lily might get angry with him. Mike was rather nervous. Seeing the broken MP4 on the ground, he breathed deeply. He decided to do something for it.
Finally, he decided to admit his mistake and apologize to Lily. To his surprise, Lily didn’t blame him for it, which made Mike feel a lot more relaxed. However, Mike promised to buy a new one for her and be more careful in future. Since then, they understood each other and became good friends.
一天，迈克拿着书进了教室。他急忙把书搬到座位上。他没注意到桌子上有什么东西。
这时，他不小心撞到了桌上的MP4。MP4从桌子上掉了下来，他不知道该怎么办。为此感他到尴尬。他试着开动大脑，但引擎就是发动不起来。他努力保持冷静，惊恐地捡起那台坏掉的MP4，脑海里一遍又一遍地想象着莉莉会有多生气。他心里七上八下，觉得莉莉可能会非常恼怒。迈克相当紧张。看到地上那台坏掉的MP4，他深深地吸了一口气。他决定为它做点什么。
最后，他决定承认自己的错误并向莉莉道歉。令他惊讶的是，莉莉并没有责怪他，这让迈克感到轻松多了。然而，迈克答应给她买一个新的，以后要多加小心。从那时起，他们相互理解，成为好朋友。
Activity 2

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