资源简介

(共142张PPT)
Lesson 53
In the public interest
本课重点
词汇 evolve, qualified, alter
句型 in the belief that …
be subject to sth.
WORDS
evolve v.
to develop and change gradually over a long period of time
逐渐发展，逐渐演变
这所学校逐渐形成了自己的教学风格。
The school has evolved its own style of teaching.
很多科学家现在相信鸟类是由恐龙演化来的。
Many scientists now believe that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
evolution theory
进化论
high-handed adj.
using your authority in an unreasonable way
高压的，专横的
Syn= overbearing 专横跋扈的
=domineering 专断的，盛气凌人的
~manner 专断的态度作风
The company has a reputation for being high-handed in its treatment of clients.
Some managers treated their staff in a high-handed and tyrannical way.
incompetent adj.
not having the ability or skill to do a job poorly
[OPP] competent
His incompetent handling of the affair
他在处理这件事上的无能表现
~ to do
The Prime Minister was attacked as
incompetent to lead. 缺发领导力
不称职的老师应该被解雇。
Incompetent teachers should be fired.
zealous adj.
doing something in a very enthusiastic way, especially supporting something
热情的，热烈的，充满激情的
她是这次革命的狂热支持者。
She is a zealous supporter of the revolution.
More examples
be zealous in doing sth
热衷于做某事
公司热衷于保护自身利益。
The company is zealous in defending its interests.
safeguard v.
to protect something from harm or damage
保护
这个行业由保护消费者的责任。
The industry has a duty to safeguard consumers.
Effective programs are available to safeguard your data against computer viruses.
Unless we fight pollution now, we cannot safeguard our children's future.
qualified adj.
having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, especially for a particular job
合格的
他能胜任给高中生教生物。
He is qualified to teach high school students biology.
他的前妻有资格评论他的性格。
His ex-wife is qualified to comment on his personality.
grievance n.
a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or an unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you
不平，冤屈
在她的主管拒绝提拔她之后，她一直心怀不满。
She had been nursing a grievance last year after her supervisor refused to promote her.
The meetings give employees the opportunity to express their views or air grievances.
诉说苦衷
ombudsman n.
someone who deals with complaints made by ordinary people against the government, banks, insurance companies
司法特派员
secretive adj.
a secretive person or organization likes to keep their thoughts, intentions, or actions hidden from others
保密的
The government has been accused of being secretive and undemocratic.
Much of the discussion focused upon North Korea's highly secretive nuclear program.
correspondence n.
the letters that someone sends and receives, especially official or business letters
The biography is based on Marx’s correspondence with Engels over 40 years.
alter v.
to change, or to make someone or something change
（使）改变，更改，改动
His face hadn’t altered much over the years.
市中心已经变的我都认不出来了。
The city centre has altered beyond recognition.
accusation n.
a statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong
谴责，指控
accuse sb of sth
They fled the country, amid accusations of corruption.
控告某人谋杀/盗窃
To accuse sb of murder/theft
She accused him of lying.
她指责她说谎。
ascertain v. （formal)
to find out the true or correct information
查出，查明
Tests were conducted to ascertain whether pollution levels have dropped.
警方正设法查清到底发生了什么事。
The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.
prejudiced adj.
having an unreasonable dislike of someone or something, especially a dislike of a group of people who belong to a different race, sex, or religion – used to show disapproval
有偏见的，带成见的，偏心的
The early Christian church was prejudiced against the Jews.
环保主义者对这个大坝是有成见的
Environmentalists are prejudiced against the dam.
prompt adj.
1 done without delay
SYN= immediate
采取即刻行动
take prompt actions
2. Arriving at the right time
SYN=punctual
参加上述会议，请准时出席
Please be prompt when attending these meetings.
WORD DRILL
parliamentary
qualified
ombudsman
correspondence
accusation
high-handed
incompetent
safeguard
grievance
prejudiced
Justiteombudsman
ascertain
prompt
evolve
over-zealously
secretive
alter
LISTENING
TEXT
1
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
Scandinavia: an area of Northern Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
Scandinavia: an area of Northern Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
admire: 钦佩，赞赏
admire sb for doing sth
I don’t agree with her but I admire her for sticking to her principles.
恪守原则
复习enlightened
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
Lesson 49
2
Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers.
仿写
有些害虫进化出了一种免疫系统，保护自己不受杀虫剂的伤害。
Some pests have evolved an immune system for protecting themselves from pesticides.
仿写
公司形成了一套制度，防止员工上班打私人电话。
The company has evolved a system for preventing staff from making personal calls at work.
4
The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
adopt: 采用
The store recently adopted a drug testing policy for all new employees.
6
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
civil servant: 公务员
AS CHINA’S economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. “Diving into the sea” of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
in the belief that + 同位语从句
她买了这幅画，相信这是真正的古董。
She bought the painting in the belief that it was a real antique.
8
As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
Introduce: bring in
推行，实施，采用
新的法律于2007年开始实施。
The new law was introduced in 2007
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
Lesson 21
As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
scheme: a plan or a system
体制体系；方案
Under the new scheme, only successful schools will be given extra funding.
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
represent: 代表
Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council.
9
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
appoint sb (as) n. sth
They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长
9
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
be qualified to do sth
be qualified for sth.
She extremely well qualified for the job.
她完全符合担任这项工作的条件。
9
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
grievance against sb.
委屈，抱怨，牢骚，不平的事儿
grievance against
He had been nursing a grievance against his boss for months.
他几个月来一直对老板心怀不满。
9
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
11
The official title of the person is ‘Justiteombudsman’, but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the ‘J.O.’ or ‘Ombudsman’.
The official title of the person is ‘Justiteombudsman’, but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the ‘J.O.’ or ‘Ombudsman’.
复习: refer to sb. as …
谈及，说起，指的是，称..为
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
Lesson 4
12
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
be subject to sth. 受制于……
12
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
13
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
an average of sth.
As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.
14
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.
every single: 强调每一个
Translation
不要把我说的每一个字都写下来。
Don’t write down every single word I say.
他每天都工作。
He works every single day.
15
There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman’s work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.
16
If a citizen’s complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
If a citizen’s complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
justify sth. 证明…正确的
Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.
她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的
How can you possibly justify charging four pounds for a glass of beer
People try to justify the breakdown of their marriage by blaming their spouse.
If a citizen’s complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
on sb.’s behalf = on behalf of sb.: 代表
act for/on behalf of sb
受雇/代表某人行事
The lawyer acting on behalf of Mrs. Anderson said he would continue the fight to clear her name.
If a citizen’s complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
17
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
nature: 性质
nature: the basic qualities of a thing
The changing nature of society
不断变化的社会性质
It’s difficult to define the exact nature of the problem.
很难给这个问题确切定性
They asked a lot of questions about the nature of democracy.
17
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
复习reprimand
Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.
Lesson 31
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
a law (should) be altered
18
The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman’s work.
20
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner.
complain to sb of/about sth.
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner.
well/badly/ill-treated
She said that she had been ill-treated throughout their two-year marriage.
21
The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner’s complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
23
It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter.
25
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
rough: not gentle, using force, anger or violence
The referee won’t allow any rough stuff.
26
The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files
27
It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.
28
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
复习lodge a complaint
I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.
Lesson 37
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
be prosecuted for sth/doing sth.
The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act.
30
The Ombudsman’s prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
prompt= immediate
be prompt in doing sth
You have been so prompt in carrying out all these commissions.
你执行这些命令可真够迅速的。
30
The Ombudsman’s prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
We can put an end to this.
咱们把这件事了断了吧。
SUMMARY WRITING
参考答案
On receiving a complaint from a foreigner about police ill-treatment, the Ombudsman wrote to the Chief of Police asking for a record of the case. As there was no official record and the Chief denied the accusation, no action was possible. But when there was another similar complaint, the Ombudsman sent a lawyer to investigate. He ascertained the truth of the accusations, the policeman was severely reprimanded and warned that if there were further complaints he would be prosecuted.

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