资源简介

(共40张PPT)
XB3 Unit 4
ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Words and expressions
adversity n. 困境；逆境 (page 37)
adverse adj. 有害的，反面的
meet with/encounter adversities
遇到逆境
在困境/逆境中
in adversity
他在逆境中显示出了勇气。
He showed courage in adversity.
Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance. (P37)
伟大的作品不是靠力量，而是靠坚持来完成的。
perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
vi. 坚持；孜孜以求
persevere
坚持做某事
persevere in (doing) sth
Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a hot-air balloon.
虽然屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘热气球环游世界。
Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance.
意思：not … but …“_________________”，not后接被否定的内容，but后面接被认可的事实。
用法：连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则。
Not Tom’ parents but Tom ______ (love) fishing.
不是……而是……
loves
but的拓展
在空白处填入适当的词汇或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Not just the students but the teacher ___________ (invite) to the country.
2. He can not just drive but ______ (repair) a car.
3. He is not playing computer games but ________ (eat) chocolate.
4. Miss Cai is not a writer __________ a teacher.
5. The value of life doesn’t just lie in the length of days, _________ lies in the use that we make of them.
6. Nobody but the students ______ (know) the secret.
was invited
but (also)
but (also)
know
eating
repair
. …Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
嗯，正好有一天早上我买了一份报纸，看到了关于南极考察的广告。
It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It happens that … 碰巧……
eg It happened that we met on a bus to the hospital.
我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。
Sb happen(s) to do sth.
某人碰巧做某事。
Sth happened to sb
某事发生在某人身上。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) John __________________ (碰巧出去了) when Mary came to his house for something.
2) ____________________ (碰巧) she had money to buy the present for her daughter in her wallet.
3) Nothing can ________________ (发生在你身上), and nothing can get at you.
happened to be out
It (so) happened that
happened to you
turn sb. down：① refuse to accept; reject 拒绝某人
② reduce in speed or volume 调低，关小
eg They are all great offers from large companies, and I couldn’t turn down any of them.
几家大公司都很好，无论哪个我都无法拒绝。
Turn off the phone ringer, and turn down the volume on the answering machine.
关掉电话响铃，调低答录机的音量。
【TB P38】However, when I applied to join the expedition,
Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。
turn against 背叛
turn (a)round 绕着...转，面向另一个方向
turn up 调大，开大(音量等)；突然露面
turn away 走开; 转身; 不让……进入
turn out 结果是……
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻倒; 转向(to是介词)
turn into 变成
turn over 移交; 翻身; 使翻转
turn on/off 开/关(电视、灯、水、煤气等)
turn in 上交(物品)
turn短语
【语境应用】用含turn的短语的正确形式填空。
1) Knowing how to ___________ invitations with finesse and not feel guilty.
2) Her husband was unsympathetic and she felt she had no one to _______.
3) Instead of finding things out for themselves, they make assumptions that often ________ to be wrong.
4) The stadium was jammed and they had to __________ hundreds of disappointed fans.
5) Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ________ sooner or later.
6) To do well in your exams this year, _________ the TV, silence your mobile, and review your work regularly.
turn to
turn out
turn away
turn up
turn off
turn down
qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）
【派生】
qualify vt.& vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格
qualification / n.【C】资格；资历；资格证书【U】合格
【固搭】
（1）be qualified for sth　
有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth　
　有资格做某事 【be adj. to do】
（2）qualify(vt.) sb to do sth　
　使某人有资格做某事
单句语法填空
①I hold the strong belief that(我坚信) I am qualified 　for　 the position advertised in the newspaper.
②The test will qualify you 　to carry　 （carry） out执行 the task independently.
③The young girl has the 　qualifications　 （qualify） to teach English.
for　
to carry　
qualifications　
一句多译
④他正在寻找一个能胜任这项工作的人。
→He is looking for a person 　qualified for the job　 .
→He is looking for a person 　qualified to do the job　 .
qualified for the job　
qualified to do the job　
have the qualifications for sth./ to do
有资格做某事
enthusiastic adj. having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval 热情的，热心的
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对做某事热心
You didn’t seem to be terribly enthusiastic about the performance.
你似乎对演出不太热心。
【TB P38】But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
adv. 热心地；满腔热情地
enthusiastically
n. 热情，热爱的事物
enthusiasm
n. 热心者；爱好者
enthusiast
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Consumer advocacy groups are not so ____________________ removing restrictions on the telephone companies.
2) The student going to art or drama school will be very _____________ about further education.
enthusiastic about
enthusiastic
Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered.
set off ① start a journey 出发
② cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode 使爆炸
③ causes it to start happening 引发
eg If you want to catch that train we’d better set off for the station immediately.
你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。
If he attended a party without his wife and children, it set off a storm of speculation.
如果他参加一个没有妻子和孩子参加的聚会，就会引发一场猜测风暴。
set up 设置；建立；设立
set down 让某人下车；写下
set about 着手做
set out 启程；开始工作
set apart 使分离，使分开
set aside 放在一边，节省、保留(钱或时间)
set free 释放
set短语
【语境应用】用set短语完成句子。
1) If you really want to see the movie, what time are you planning __________ tomorrow
2) Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 ______ her business Alice Candy.
3) Chua __________ exploring what this device would do.
4) In the past ten years over 5000 lives have been ________ from all kinds of habits hurts and addictions.
5) She was asked to __________ the facts just as she remembered them.
6) Be sure to _________ enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments.
to set off
set up
set about
set free
set down
set aside
【TB P38】　He assigned me to be a steward， and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men， three times a day.
他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。
【佳句】
Madison was assigned to investigate 调查a traffic accident.
n.【C】（分派的）工作；任务【U】
assignment
assign sth. to sb.　　　
把……分配给……
assign sb to do sth　
　 派某人做某事
on assignment
受委派，在执行任务中
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to.
envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕妒忌某人做某事
我羡慕你有如此温暖的家庭。
green with envy
非常妒忌；非常眼红
with envy
羡慕地
be the envy of
是令……嫉妒/ 羡慕的对象
I envy you having such a warm family.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) When I got the well-paid job in a foreign company, my friends were somewhat green __________ (羡慕地).
2) And they’re coming in ___________ (出于嫉妒) for the other people who are shamelessly boasting. .
3) Honestly, we all ___________________ (羡慕他的天赋) in drawing and literature.
4) They ____________________________ (羡慕她打破了纪录) of the 100-metre dash.
5) Treat the flowers right and your garden will ______________ (令…嫉妒/ 羡慕) the neighbourhood.
with envy
out of envy
envied him his talent
envied her breaking the record
be the envy of
Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
approach vt.&vi come near; move towards 靠近，接近
deal with 处理，对付
n. near; way 靠近，接近 ; 方式，方法
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
eg At their approach the little boy ran away and hid.
当他们走近时，那个小男孩跑开躲了起来。
He took a very scientific approach to management.
他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。
It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
He didn’t approach the front door at once.
他没有立即走近前门。
【语境应用】判断approach的词性及含义。
New college life is approaching. I’m glad to hear that there will be six clubs for me to join. ____________
The training of the employees was suggested as one approach to dealing with the problem of low efficiency. ____________
3) I’ll approach the customers’ complaints in a few minutes. ____________
4) You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
____________
5) I’ve moved my house and I still cannot go out because people approach me and harass me. ____________
v. 接近，靠近
n. 方法
v. 解决，处理
n. 方法
v. 接近，靠近
When the ship sank, our heart sank with it.(P38)
随着船下沉，我们的心也跟着落入绝望。
② They watched the sun sink into the sea.
他们注视着太阳沉入海里。
① Wood does not sink in water, it floats.
木头在水中不沉，而是漂在水面。
sink-sank-sunk vt. go down ; cause or allow to sink 沉没；下沉
sink n. a large open container 阴沟；水槽
The housewife always keeps the sink clean.
主妇总是保持水槽的清洁。
【TB P38】　We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings， and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有
的黄金。
【固搭】personal belongings　私人财物
【派生】
（3）belong vi.属于：
belong to 属于……；是……的成员（不用于进行时态和被动语态）
（2）belonging n.归属：
a sense of belonging　
　归属感
单句语法填空
①When he joined the club，he felt a sense of 　belonging　 （belong）.
②I’d like to have a look at the toys 　belonging　 （belong） to you.
③Look after照顾，照看 your personal 　belongings　 （belong） while waiting for the bus.
完成句子
④The beautiful necklace 　belongs to my mother　 ， who wears it for special occasions.
这条漂亮的项链是我妈妈的，她在特殊场合戴着它。
belonging　
belonging　
belongings　
belongs to my mother　
Hussy often plays it to keep our spirits up.
keep up 使某物保持；使不低落；沿用、保持某事物
eg They sang songs to keep their spirits up.
他们唱歌来鼓舞士气。
In face of failure, it is the most important to keep up a good state of mind.
面对失败，最重要的是保持良好的心态。
【拓展】keep短语
keep off 挡住；（使）避开
keep away from 避免接近，远离
keep on (doing) 继续（做）某事；继续下去，不停
keep … in mind 将…记在心中
keep down 蹲下，阻止，控制
keep from 克制，防止
keep sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人(做)某事
keep back 不靠近，阻止；抑制感情流露；隐瞒
keep up with 跟上；了解；保持联系
【语境应用】用keep的相关短语完成句子。
1) We sang as we were hiking, to ______ our spirits _____.
2) I managed to stick to the diet and ________ sweet foods.
3) The company agreed to _________ high levels of output in order to make up for supplies lost.
4) Did Aron ________ climbing mountains after the serious accident
5) To be clear, people can’t _______________ all the risks in this way, but it’s the best choice.
keep
up
keep up
keep off
kept on
keep away from
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive.
现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来。
课文中还有两处：
-- this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
现在完成进行时：
表示从过去开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。
2. 表示动作刚刚结束。
My clothes are wet, because I have been walking in the street.
3. 表示某种感彩。
Who has been telling you such nonsense
1. For more than forty years the cost of food _______________ (rise).
2. Chris Clarke _______________ (fly) a helicopter for five years.
has been rising
has been flying

P38Their genuine concern for others， their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。
genuine/ d enju n/ adj. 真正的，真诚的，可信赖的
concern for 对...的关心
resolve vi.&vt. ① to make a decision formally or with determination 决定；决心
② to solve or end a problem or difficulty 解决（问题困难）
n. strong determination 决心；坚定的信念
resolve to do sth/ that 从句 决定做某事
resolve on sth/ doing sth 决定/决心...
n. 决心
resolution
单句语法填空
①They resolved 　on　 that day to celebrate her success.
②The government is pressing for an early 　resolution　 （resolve） of the crisis.
完成句子
③She 　resolved not to tell　 him the truth.
她决定不告诉他真相。
④He was desperate to money to 　resolve his financial problems　 .
他迫切需要钱来解决他的经济问题。
on　
resolution　
resolved not to tell　
resolve his financial problems　
What if they were delayed
如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？
What if…
如果……会怎么样呢？(=What would happen if… )
eg What if it rains when we can’t get to school on time
Words and expressions in writing
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) ______________________________ (如果机器人坏掉怎么办) right as it is serving hot soup or tea
2) _______________________________ (要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样) Would that look better
3)如果没人同意我的观点，那怎么办呢？
what if nobody else agrees with me
What if the robot breaks down
What if we moved the sofa over here
We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
adj.绝望的
desperation n．绝望；拼命；铤而走险
我们感到如此孤独和绝望。但这担心并没持续太长时间，没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点音乐能让我们振奋起来了。
There is/was nothing like用来表示赞美的常用句型，“没有比···更····”
没有什么比得上假期更让人放松的。
_______________________________ to make one feel relaxed.
There is nothing like a holiday
There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.
南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。
There be + 主语+ 非谓语动词
该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。具体形式：
(1) There be + 主语+ doing （表示主动和进行）
eg There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south.
(2) There be + 主语+ done(表示被动或完成)
eg In this book, there are passages learnt before.
(3) There will be + 主语+ to do (表示动作尚未发生)
eg There will be some problems to discuss at the conference.
【注意】
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) There are some citizens ____________________________ (站在画廊前).
2) There is a red car ______________________ (停在房子外面).
3) ______________________ (无事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
standing in front of the gallery
parked outside the house
There is nothing to do
if it were not for 是对现在和将来情况的虚拟，意思为 “若不是，若不是因为”。
结构是：if it were not for +名词 / 句子 / 名词性短语,主语 + would / should 等 + do ...
if it were not for 可以换用为but for或without。
If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
eg If I lived near my office, I would walk to work.
If I were you, I would plant some trees round the house.
翻译：如果没有水的话，我们都不能存活。
If there were no water/Without water, we would not live/survive.
从句 主句
与现在事实相反 过去式(were) 情态动词+do
(would/could/should/might)
与过去事实相反 had done 情态动词+ have done
(would/could/should/might)
与将来事实相反 过去式(were)； were to + 动词原形； should +动词原形 情态动词+do
(would/could/should/might)
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy ____many of us could not hide our tears.
such... that... 如此……以至于…… 可用于以下三个句型：
such + a（n）+ adj. + 可数名词单数 + that...;
such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that... ;
such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that...
that
当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，许多人都喜极而泣。
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) It was ______ noisy that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
2) It was ______ nice weather that we were able to have lunch in the garden.
3) He earned _______ little money that he couldn’t support his family.
4) It was ______ good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
5) It was ______ a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home.
so
such
so
so
such

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