资源简介

(共44张PPT)
HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
UNIT 4
Before The Class
In this unit, you will
1 read about the history and traditions of the UK.
2 listen to people talk about historic places and
share your own experiences.
3 write about a place by describing different senses.
4 learn more about different tea cultures.
Look and discuss
1 What do you know about the buildings in
the photo above
2 What traditions of that city/country do you
know about
3 Why is it important to protect historic
buildings and cultural traditions
A people without the knowledge of their
past history, origin and culture is like a tree
without roots.
—Marcus Garvey
YOUR
HEADER
01
03
05
Listening and Speaking
05
Reading for Writing
Listening and Talking
Reading and Thinking
WORDS
Assessing Your Progress
02
04
06
YOUR
HEADER
01
WORDS
YOUR
HEADER
Confucius 孔子
mansion n. 公馆；宅第
cemetery n. 墓地；公墓
philosophy n. 哲学
descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
individual adj. 单独的；个别的n. 个人
heel n. 足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟
Achilles’ heel （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
kingdom n. 王国；领域
chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的n. （公司或机构的）首领；酋长
puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问vt. 迷惑；使困惑
nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的
adv. 在附近
join ... to ... 把......和......连接或联结起来
break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应
belong to 属于
as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
currency n. 通货；货币
military adj. 军事的；军用的
defence (US defense) n. 防御；保卫
legal adj. 法律的；合法的
surround vt. 围绕；包围
evidence n. 证据；证明
location n. 地方；地点；位置
conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制
battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
port n. 港口（城市）
fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
amount n. 金额；数量
gallery n. （艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近
ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
landscape n. （陆上，尤指乡村的）风景
generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
YOUR
HEADER
butter n. 黄油；奶油vt. 涂黄油于
honey n. 蜂蜜
ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先
position n. 位置；姿态；职位vt. 安装；安置
courtyard n. 庭院；院子
snack n. 点心；小吃
eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
poet n. 诗人
county n. （英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县
feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
roll vi. & vt. （使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n. 卷（轴）；翻滚
dot n. 点；小（圆）点 vt. 加点；遍布
cattle n. 牛
roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮
ocean n. 大海；海洋
scent n. 气味；气息
greet vt. 问候；迎接
pub n. 酒吧；酒馆
wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒
beer n. （一杯）啤酒
stew n. 炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）vt. & vi. 炖；煨
custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的
striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁
achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众vt. 挤满；使......拥挤
Wales 威尔士（英国）
Scotland 苏格兰（英国）
Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰（英国）
Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁—撒克逊人
Viking n. 维京人；北欧海盗
the Normans 诺曼人
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
Roman adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n. 古罗马人；罗马市民
Van Gogh 梵高（荷兰画家）
the Emerald Isle 绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称）
Irish adj. 爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人（或语）的 n. 爱尔兰语
YOUR
HEADER
02
Listening and Speaking
Tang Dynasty
Confucius
The Three Kingdoms
Tao
Before reading
The history of British
The tribes that have tried to conquer（征服） and thrive on(生存繁衍) British.
Before reading
Its famous and noble Queen
Before reading
The history of British
2.古代昵称
在古代，英国被称为不列颠（Britain），这个名称来源于凯尔特语中的“Prydain”，意为“岛屿之子”。而在罗马人统治时期，英国被称为不列颠尼亚（Britannia），这个名称也流传至今。
3.中世纪昵称
在中世纪，英格兰王室使用“不列颠尼亚”作为官方名称，并将其简化为“不列颠”（Britain）。此外，在中世纪还出现了一些贬义的昵称，如“蛮族之地”、“雾都”等。
Before reading
The history of British
4.现代昵称
随着时代的发展，英国逐渐成为一个强大的帝国，在殖民地取得巨大成就后，被人们尊称为“日不落帝国”（Empire on which the sun never sets）。同时也有一些其他昵称如“大英帝国”、“王冠之城”等。
5.英国的地域昵称
除了国家级的昵称，英国各地也有自己独特的昵称。例如，伦敦被称为“大都会”（Metropolis）、“金融之城”（Financial Capital）；曼彻斯特被称为“棉花之城”（Cottonopolis）；爱丁堡被称为“北方雅典”（Athens of the North）等。
6.流行文化中的昵称
随着英国文化的影响力不断扩大，一些流行文化中也出现了一些与英国相关的昵称。比如，“仙境之岛”（Wonderland Island）指代英国的童话故事；“神奇四侠之土”（Land of the Fantastic Four）指代英国作家J.R.R.托尔金所创造的中土世界
Before reading
The official map of British
It’s made up by parts.
Absolutely it is a country.
Have you ever take a glance at the western part of it？
WHY there is a clear separate line between the UK and Ireland？
seaside
four
After reading the following passage, you will know why.
YOUR
HEADER
03
Reading and Thinking
Reading and Thinking
Read the text and answer the questions.
1 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom
Which two were the first to be joined together
2 According to the text, what are two chief
advantages of studying the history of a country
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look.
The
British
History
WHAT ’ S I N A N A ME
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain,
England—many people are confused by what
these different names mean. So what is the
difference between them, if any Getting to
know a little bit about British history will help
you solve this puzzle.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales
was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,
in the 18th century, the country Scotland was
joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was
added to create the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century,
the southern part of Ireland broke away from
the UK, which resulted in the full name we
have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the
shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the
UK”. People from the UK are called “British”,
which means the UK is also often referred to as
Britain or Great Britain.
Read a map
When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what
the symbols mean.
Reading and Thinking
Read a map
When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what
the symbols mean.
Reading and Thinking
## 1. confused
adj. 困惑的；糊涂的；混乱的（形容人因不解而迷茫，或事物缺乏条理）
- 副词搭配：extremely confused（极度困惑）、totally confused（完全糊涂）、slightly confused（有点迷茫）
- 固定搭配：be confused about sth（对某事感到困惑）、be confused by sth（被某事弄糊涂）、feel confused（觉得困惑）
- Many students are confused about the difference between “affect” and “effect” when learning English.（学英语时，很多学生对“affect”和“effect”的区别感到困惑。）
- The confusing instructions made him even more confused about how to operate the machine.（混乱的说明书让他对如何操作机器更加糊涂。）
Read a map
When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what
the symbols mean.
Reading and Thinking
## 2. puzzle
n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问；vt. 迷惑；使困惑；vi. 感到困惑
- 名词搭配（n.）：solve a puzzle（解谜题）、crossword puzzle（填字游戏）、a puzzle to sb（让某人困惑的事）、puzzle box（谜题盒）
- 动词搭配（v.）：puzzle sb（使某人心烦）、puzzle over sth（冥思苦想某事）、be puzzled by sth（被某事困惑）、puzzle out（琢磨出；解开）
- She spent the whole evening trying to solve the logic puzzle in the magazine.（她花了一整晚时间试图解开杂志上的逻辑谜题。）
- What puzzled the teacher most was why no one volunteered to answer the question.（最让老师困惑的是，为什么没人主动回答这个问题。）
Read a map
When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what
the symbols mean.
Reading and Thinking
## 3. kingdom
n. 王国；领域；界（政治上的君主制国家，或某一学科、活动的领域）
- 名词搭配：ancient kingdom（古代王国）、animal kingdom（动物界）、plant kingdom（植物界）、kingdom of science（科学领域）、the United Kingdom（英国）
- 动词搭配：rule a kingdom（统治一个王国）、establish a kingdom（建立王国）、belong to the kingdom of（属于……领域/界）
- The story is set in a magical kingdom where humans and fairies live together.（这个故事发生在一个人类和仙女共存的魔法王国。）
- In the kingdom of literature, classic works have always been cherished by readers.（在文学领域，经典作品一直深受读者喜爱。）
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They
use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and
military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales,
Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.
They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And
they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you
understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in
the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took
over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first
century. They built the first towns and good roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the
fifth century.
Reading and Thinking
货币
军事武装
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the
way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of
new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK. The last group
were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in
the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the
legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the
English language.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United
Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The
capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history
dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and
lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of
history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open,
you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
Reading and Thinking
古代遗迹
港口
Reading and Thinking
Make a timeline
Making a timeline that
shows when different events
happened can help you
understand how the events
are connected to each other.
the 1st century
the 5th century
the 8th century
the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England
the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom
the southern part of Ireland broke away from
the UK
the Normans conquered England
Reading and Thinking
Make a timeline
Making a timeline that
shows when different events
happened can help you
understand how the events
are connected to each other.
breaks away
as well as
join to
added to
keep your eyes open
belonged to
Question 1: Importance of Studying a Country’s History and Culture Before Visiting
1. Avoid cultural misunderstandings: Knowing customs (e.g., greeting gestures) prevents offending locals, like not bowing properly in Japan.2. Deepen travel experience: Understanding history (e.g., the French Revolution) helps appreciate landmarks like the Eiffel Tower beyond their appearance.3. Respect local norms: Learning about taboos (e.g., not eating pork in Muslim countries) shows respect and fosters positive interactions.
Question 2: Key Things to Know Before Visiting China
1. Cultural etiquette: Address elders politely, avoid sticking chopsticks upright in rice, and wait for hosts to start eating at meals.
2. Practical matters: Carry a valid passport, use mobile payment (Alipay/WeChat Pay) widely, and learn basic Mandarin phrases (e.g., "Ni hao" for hello).
3. Social norms: Follow traffic rules, avoid loud public conversations, and respect public order (e.g., no littering in scenic spots).
YOUR
HEADER
04
Listening and Talking
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look.
The
Beautiful
IRELAND
Read the text and discuss the questions in pairs.
1 What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
2 What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
3 What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song”
4 What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
Discovering useful structures
Read a map :When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
Look at the sentences and underline the past participles. In pairs, discuss their functions. Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text.
1 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, ...
3 They had castles built all around England, ...
When the past participle is used as the object complement, it is often formed with the “have/get/feel/find/... + object + -ed form”.
Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作定语！！！
修饰被形容的名词
Discovering useful structures
Read a map :When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
Past Participles as the Attribute (1)
tired visitors
a well-organised trip
beautifully dressed stars
Past Participles as the Attribute (2)
visitors tired of the long wait/...
a trip organised well by my workplace/...
stars dressed beautifully at the event/..
2 Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Then make sentences with the phrases.
That were
That was
That were
Discovering useful structures
Read a map :When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
3 Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement.
1 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
2 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
3 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
4 Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
5 She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
Discovering useful structures
4 Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute, and then see whether you can write a little story with them.
1 Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
The surrounded Loch Ness was made to look amazing by beautiful natural landscape.
2 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with homemade butter and honey.
The surrounding beautiful natural landscape, which made Loch Ness look amazing.
难
Discovering useful structures
4 Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute, and then see whether you can write a little story with them.
3 The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
The family’s ancestors once attended to the wounded soldiers in the First World War.
4 The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their positioned cameras and binoculars on the hill.
记得要加定冠词
这里的which指代前面的什么？
Discovering useful structures
语法总结
-ed 形式的过去分词用在被修饰形容的名词前时，可以作为定语的作用，
当然，如果所要表示意思的单词过多，则应该将过去分词的定语放置在被修饰的名词后面，作为后置定语。
YOUR
HEADER
05
Reading for Writing
Reading for Writing
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND
AND ITS TRADITIONS
Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and
traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its
beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast
for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea,
the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet
scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this
beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,
dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax
with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew.
If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And
if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local
culture and customs first-hand.
Read a map :When you look at a map, think first
about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
1 What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
2 What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
3 What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song”
4 What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
1. What makes The Irish countryside exciting and inspiringIts rolling green landscapes, ancient castles, lush valleys, and serene lakes blend natural beauty with historical charm, stirring creativity and a sense of tranquility.
2. Best ways to experience Irish traditions and culture Attend local festivals like St. Patrick’s Day for parades and folk music. Visit traditional pubs to enjoy live Irish folk music and interact with locals. Explore heritage sites (e.g., Blarney Castle) and join craft workshops for Irish lace or pottery.
3. Meaning of the sceneIt vividly depicts the peaceful and vibrant morning of the Irish countryside, conveying a deep connection with nature, joy in simple pleasures, and the freshness of a new day.
4. Best ways to experience Chinese traditions and cultures Celebrate festivals: Join Spring Festival for family reunions and lantern shows, or Mid-Autumn Festival for moon-gazing and mooncakes. Immerse in traditional arts: Watch Peking Opera, learn calligraphy/paper-cutting, or enjoy tea ceremonies. Explore cultural sites: Visit the Great Wall, Forbidden City, or ancient villages (e.g., Hongcun) to feel historical heritage.
peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle”
by the sea,
a quiet morning in the mountains
a village pub
rolling green hills
the sun
Sweet scent of fresh flowers birds morning song
the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds
a glass of wine or a local beer
1rolling green hills
2a quiet morning in the mountains
3sheep and cattle
4 many green counties
1
2ocean waves
3birds morning song
4traditional music and dancing
1
2ocean waves
3 Irish Beef Stew
4
1
2ocean waves
3the sun
4
1
2
3Sweet scent of fresh flowers
4a glass of wine or a local beer
Beijing’s hutongs
narrow lane
a bike vendor
century-old workshop
gray-tiled roofs
kids crowd around
Beijing’s hutongs
narrow lane
a bike vendor
century-old workshop
gray-tiled roofs
kids crowd around
The Enchanted Lane of Old Beijing
In the heart of Beijing’s hutongs, there’s a narrow lane winding like a silk ribbon through time—this is my favorite hidden gem, where history breathes in every brick and corner. Dawn breaks softly here: the first ray of sunlight slants over gray-tiled roofs, gilding the carved wooden lintels of courtyard gates. Elders sit on stone steps, sipping jasmine tea from porcelain cups, their chatter mixing with the crisp "ding-dong" of a bike vendor selling soy milk and fried dough sticks. It’s a scene that feels both ancient and alive, like stepping into a living postcard.
What makes this lane truly exciting is its seamless blend of tradition and warmth. Midway down the lane stands a century-old workshop, where Master Li, a fifth-generation kite-maker, bends over bamboo frames, painting vivid dragons and phoenixes with delicate brushes. On weekends, kids crowd around his table, learning to paste rice paper and tie kite strings, their laughter echoing off the walls. Further along, a family-run snack shop wafts the sweet aroma of osmanthus cake—grandma stirs a copper pot of red bean soup, and grandpa regales visitors with stories of how the lane sheltered scholars during the Qing Dynasty. Once, I even joined a lantern-making workshop here for the Lantern Festival; holding the glowing paper lantern I’d crafted, walking beside locals carrying theirs, the lane lit up like a river of stars, and I felt a surge of joy at being part of this living tradition.
The most surprising part Beyond the lane’s quiet surface lies a tiny courtyard gallery, where young artists display works that blend hutong scenes with modern graffiti. Last month, they hosted a "Hutong Memory" exhibition—photos of the lane’s changing seasons, sketches of elders’ wrinkled hands, and even a video of locals singing old Beijing ballads. Standing there, I realized this lane isn’t just a place; it’s a bridge between the past and present. It’s exciting to wander its paths, not knowing if the next turn will reveal a centuries-old craft, a warm cup of soup, or a burst of creative energy. This enchanted lane doesn’t just show Beijing’s history—it lets you feel it, one sweet, lively moment at a time.
YOUR
HEADER
06
Assessing Your Progress
Assessing
Your Progress
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look.
description
negative
defence
locations
kingdom
specific
references
Assessing
Your Progress
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look.
I was excited by the news that the trip was to visit our sister school in Boston..
I was pleased that you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece.
3 The room was so crowded that Dave could not find a seat in.
4 The photo that was taken at Cardiff Castle won the first prize in the competition.
5 On the lab table, he found a lot of bottles that were marked “caution”.
ADDTITLE
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look. When using a baseline grid, the first thing you must decide on is your baseline grid unit.
Most designers set their type arbitrarily, either by pulling values out of the sky or by adhering to a baseline grid. The former case isn’t worth discussing here, but the latter requires a closer look. When using a baseline grid, the first thing you must decide on is your baseline grid unit.
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