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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语应用文写作满分技法全梳理
技法 1 锤词炼句 —— 精准表达，亮点提分
语言规范是满分作文的特点，能够在没有错误的基础上，增添亮点表达。首先，要规范拼写，规避简单错误；其次，词汇基础要扎实，能够灵活使用高级词汇及语块；再次，语法知识要系统，确保正确使用各种语法结构。
增分亮点 1 词汇升级——精准用词，点亮全文
一、精准多样的动词
动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。精准的动词能够有效勾画交际场景，多样化的动词能够增加文章的生动性，恰如其分地传递信息和态度。
（普通表达）Lastly, the emergence of new energy vehicles, such as electric cars, has caused reducing pollution and promoting sustainable development.
（高级表达）Lastly, the emergence of new energy vehicles, such as electric cars, has contributed/led to reducing pollution and promoting sustainable development.(2024 全国甲卷)
（普通表达）These advancements show China's progress in creating a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly transport system.
（高级表达）These advancements highlight China's progress in creating a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly transport system.(2024 全国甲卷)
（普通表达）Today I want to focus on some major developments, which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
（高级表达）Today I'd like to concentrate/centre on some major developments, which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles. (2024 全国甲卷)
二、充满表达力的名词
灵活使用一些充满表达力的名词，包括抽象意义的名词、常见动词的同根名词形式或名词词组，能够出众脱俗，为文章增色，成为得分的亮点。
（普通表达）The sunlight and the light wind made the whole scene come to life.
（高级表达）The sunlight and the gentle breeze made the whole scene come to life.(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he did a lot for society.
（高级表达）Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. (2023 全国甲卷)
三、丰富多彩的形容词
形容词是用来描述人或者事物的特征、性质、属性或状态的修饰性词汇，最主要的功能是修饰或者限定名词或代词。形容词的恰当使用能够为文章增色。
（普通表达）It was such a good experience that I would always remember it in my mind.
（高级表达）It was such an extraordinary/a memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory.(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrounded by lively flowers and thick trees.
（高级表达）I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrounded by vibrant flowers and thick trees.(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
四、灵活多变的副词
副词指在句中表示行为或状态特征的词汇，主要用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。副词的恰当使用能够提高得分的档次。
（普通表达）Firstly, shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances.
（高级表达）To begin/start with, shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances.(2024 全国甲卷)
增分亮点 2 句式升级——丰富表达，妙笔生花
高考评分标准中的 "复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构" 指句子结构的复合性和句型的多样性。复杂结构的运用，如强调句、倒装句、复合句及含有非谓语动词的高级句式，能彰显考生丰富的语言内涵。但是，在使用这些句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂但不晦涩。考生平时要注重有意识地积累和背诵原汁原味的英语句子和文章，有意识地尝试使用或模仿。
一、非谓语动词，神采飞扬
（普通表达）The Students' Union wanted to spark the interest in the plants around us. Last Saturday the Students' Union organized an activity called "Getting to Know the Plants Around Us".
（高级表达）To spark the interest in the plants around us, last Saturday the Students' Union organized an activity called "Getting to Know the Plants Around Us".(动词不定式作目的状语)(2023 浙江卷 1 月)
（普通表达）I was inspired by the fantastic scenery and decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
（高级表达）Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.(过去分词短语作状语、定语)(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively and has greatly saved travel time and promoted economic development.
（高级表达）Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively, greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development.(现在分词短语作状语)(2024 全国甲卷)
二、三大从句，绽放精彩
（普通表达）I painted the scenery of the park and in the park the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.
（高级表达）I painted the scenery of the park, where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.(定语从句)(2024 新高考全国卷 II)
（普通表达）We all know that changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives.
（高级表达）As we all know, changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives.(定语从句)(2024 全国甲卷)
（普通表达）When I put the dishes on the table, my parents gave me a thumbs-up.
（高级表达）The moment I put the dishes on the table, my parents gave me a thumbs-up.(时间状语从句)(2023 全国乙卷)
（普通表达）We're overwhelmed with excitement to know that an oral English class will be arranged for us.
（高级表达）We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us.(同位语从句)(2023 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）It was very meaningful and interesting and you cannot imagine it.
（高级表达）You cannot imagine how meaningful and interesting it was!(宾语从句)(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）It's a simple and inexpensive activity and you can do it anywhere, even in a small space.
（高级表达）It's such a simple and inexpensive activity that you can do it anywhere, even in a small space.(结果状语从句)(2024 浙江卷 1 月)
三、妙用 it，巧做点睛
（普通表达）Oceans play a key role in our world, so I consider it is important to protect them.
（高级表达）Oceans play a key role in our world, so I consider it significant to protect them.(it 作形式宾语)(2022 全国甲卷)
（普通表达）To improve your coordination, flexibility, and balance is also helpful.
（高级表达）It is also helpful to improve your coordination, flexibility, and balance. (it 作形式主语)(2024 浙江卷 1 月)
四、倒装句式，更胜一筹
（普通表达）It not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature, but also enhanced my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future.
（高级表达）Not only did it provide me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature, but it also enhanced my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future.(2024 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
（高级表达）Such a role model is Fan Zhongyan that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.(2023 全国甲卷)
五、强调句型，词若千钧
（普通表达）However, I have some suggestions for the present grouping scheme.
（高级表达）However, I do have some recommendations for the present categorization scheme.(强调谓语)(2023 新高考全国卷 I)
（普通表达）Through this experience I have gained a deeper appreciation for Chinese cuisine.
（高级表达）It is through this experience that I have gained a deeper appreciation for Chinese cuisine.(强调句型)(2023 全国乙卷)
技法 2 衔接过渡——构建逻辑，完美行文
满分作文的最大特点就是清晰流畅，一气呵成。巧妙的衔接与过渡就是其中的关键。用过渡衔接词把句与句、段与段巧妙地连接在一起，文章才会更加连贯、自然和紧凑，段落或文章的发展脉络也会更清晰，中心思想也会更明确。
过渡词分类 典例 用法
用在段落起始的过渡词 generally speaking, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, as we know, as is known to all, as is shown in... 等 Generally speaking, online learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. 一般来说，在线学习已经日益成为人们获取知识和解决问题的一种重要方式。
用在段落结尾进行总结的过渡词 to sum up, in conclusion, in a word, in the long run, in summary, all in all 等 In conclusion, it was a valuable and enriching experience, leaving a lasting impression on all of us. 总之，这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，给我们所有人留下了深刻的印象。
用以表达时间顺序的过渡词 现在:nowadays, at present 等； 最近:lately, recently 等；首先:at first, first of all, in the first place等； 后来:after...., later on, then等； 与此同时:at the same time ,meanwhile等； 最后:finally, in the end, at last 等 Seeing people doing warm-up exercises with great enthusiasm, we couldn't wait to join them. Soon afterwards, the signal fired, we began our cross-country race. 看到人们热情地做热身运动，我们迫不及待地加入他们。不久之后，信号响起，我们开始了越野比赛。
用以表达空间顺序的过渡词 on one side...on the other side..., on the opposite side, in front of, in the center of, in the distance, at the back of 等 Down the middle of the valley runs a clear, fast stream in which one may fish. In the low land along the stream are the farmlands; beyond them is the grassland. Behind the tops of the first hills are the big mountains. 一条清澈湍急的溪流沿着山谷的中部流淌着，人们可以在溪中钓鱼。沿溪而下，低地处是农田；越过农田是草原。一群小山的山顶后面是一座座大山。
用以表示因果的过渡词 because, because of, as a result, due to, owing to, thanks to, therefore, now that, consequently 等 Our programme is designed to enhance students' awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, the topic of the coming show will be environmental protection in our daily life. 我们的节目旨在增强学生们的环境保护意识。因此，即将到来的演出的主题将是我们日常生活中的环境保护。
用以表示强调的过渡词 undoubtedly, certainly, indeed, above all, definitely, surely, to tell the truth 等 Undoubtedly, never have I seen such an exceptional city with so many historic sites. 毫无疑问，我从未见过一个如此独特并拥有如此多的历史遗迹的城市。
用以表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition, additionally, furthermore, also, moreover, what's more, besides, not only...but also..., to make matters worse, worse still, last but not least 等 This activity holds great significance as it not only fosters cultural understanding but also allows me to share my own culture and learn from others. 这项活动具有重要意义，因为它不仅促进文化理解，而且让我分享自己的文化并了解其他的文化。
用以举例的过渡词 including, for example, for instance, such as 等 There are various themes for us to choose from, including calligraphy, martial arts and papercutting. 有各种各样的主题供我们选择，包括书法、武术和剪纸。
用以表示让步或转折的过渡词 but, however, nevertheless, although, though, yet, on the contrary, otherwise, despite, in spite of, regardless of, instead of, unfortunately, 等 Though frustrated, I didn't lose heart. Instead, I sought advice from my teacher and practiced more. 尽管很沮丧，但我没有丧失信心。相反，我向我的老师寻求建议并多加练习。
用以表示比较和对比的过渡词 like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, as for, in contrast, whereas, on the one hand...on the other hand..., while 等 To be more exact, those who make good use of the smart phones benefit greatly while those who cannot resist the temptation get addicted. 更确切地说，那些恰当地利用智能手机的人受益匪浅，而那些无法抵制智能手机的诱惑的人则会上瘾。
用以表示观点的过渡词 personally, I think, in my opinion, I'm afraid, as far as I'm concerned 等 In my opinion, the absolute most important thing that I learn when I play sports is how to stay strong even in tough situations. 在我看来，我从体育运动中学到的最重要的东西是如何在困难的情况下保持强壮。
[高考典例]
(2024 新高考全国卷 I) 假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友 Chris 写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
(1) 你完成的作品；(2) 你的感想。注意：写作词数应为 80 个左右。
Dear Chris,
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
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Yours,
Li Hua
满分作文第一步："五定" 审题，"三段" 谋篇
项目 内容
定体裁 电子邮件
定时态 陈述过去的经历用一般过去时；表达感受可用一般过去时或一般现在时
定人称 第一、三人称为主
定要点、定结构 第一段开篇点题：表明写信的目的；分享在公园上美术课的经历；概括介绍这次经历第二段 3 个要点缺一不可：1. 简要介绍背景；2. 详细介绍自己完成的作品；3. 表达自己的感想第三段巧妙收尾：表达希望及期待
满分作文第二步：斟酌词句，话题表达成就亮点
我们被要求画出给我们留下最深刻印象的东西。(被动语态 + what 引导宾语从句) We were asked to paint what impressed us most.
我的绘画主要是关于一个开心的场景，孩子们在绿草地上玩得很开心。(where 引导定语从句) My picture was mainly about a happy scene where children enjoyed themselves on the green grass.
孩子们又跑又跳，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。(with 复合结构) The children were running and jumping, with big smiles on their faces.
运用所学的各种绘画技能，我不仅展示了生命的活力，还展示了人与自然的和谐关系。(动词 - ing 形式作状语 + not only...but also... 结构) Using various painting skills I had learned, I showed not only the vitality of life but also the harmonious relationship between humans and nature.
这堂美术课给我留下了深刻的印象，它总是提醒我生活充满了美好。(which 引导定语从句) The art class left a lasting impression on me which always reminds me that life is full of beauty.
满分作文第三步：巧妙过渡，完美成篇
One possible version:
Dear Chris,
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. You cannot imagine how interesting it was and I could hardly wait to share it with you.
After we arrived at the park, the teacher gave a brief introduction. Then, we were asked to paint what impressed us most. My picture was mainly about a happy scene where children enjoyed themselves on the green grass. A big tree stood in the middle, casting a pleasant shade. The children were running and jumping, with big smiles on their faces. Using various painting skills I had learned, I showed not only the vitality of life but also the harmonious relationship between humans and nature. The art class left a lasting impression on me which always reminds me that life is full of beauty.
I hope we can have such an experience together someday. Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
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