高中英语词汇拓展:词根词缀专项突破记忆大全(精编版)

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高中英语词汇拓展:词根词缀专项突破记忆大全(精编版)

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高中英语词汇拓展:词根词缀专项突破记忆大全(精编版)
第一部分 通过词缀认识单词(常用前缀)
一、a - 前缀
1.加在单词前,表示 “在…,… 的”
asleep 睡着的(a+sleep 睡觉)→ 补充:表状态,强调 “处于睡眠中”,常用搭配 “fall asleep”(入睡)
alive 活的(a+live 活)→ 补充:可修饰人或物,作表语或后置定语,如 “a cat alive”(一只活猫)
aside 在边上(a+side 旁边)→ 常用短语 “set aside”(留出;搁置)
ahead 在前的(a+head 头)→ 短语 “ahead of time”(提前)、“go ahead”(前进;可以)
abed 在床上(a+bed 床)→ 例:He stayed abed all morning due to illness.(他因病一上午都躺在床上。)
aboard 在船 / 车 / 飞机上(a+board 甲板 / 木板)→ 短语 “go aboard”(登机 / 上船)
2.加在单词或词根前面,表示 “不,无,非”
atypical 非典型的(a+typical 典型的)→ 例:This is an atypical case in medical treatment.(这是医疗中的非典型病例。)
amoral 非道德的(a+moral 道德的)→ 区分:immoral(不道德的),amoral 强调 “与道德无关”
acellular 无细胞的(a+cellular 细胞的)→ 常见于生物相关语境
asymmetrical 不对称的(a+symmetrical 对称的)→ 例:The design of this building is asymmetrical.(这座建筑的设计是不对称的。)
二、an - 前缀(在词根前,表示 “不,无”)
anharmonic 不和谐的(an+harmonic 和谐的)→ 例:The anharmonic sound made everyone uncomfortable.(不和谐的声音让所有人都不舒服。)
anechoic 无回声的(an+echo 回声 + ic)→ 例:The anechoic chamber is used for sound testing.(消声室用于声音测试。)
anonymous 匿名的(an+onym 名字 + ous)→ 短语 “an anonymous letter”(匿名信)
anaerobic 无氧的(an+aero 空气 + bic)→ 例:Anaerobic exercise is good for building muscle.(无氧运动有助于增肌。)
anesthetic 麻醉的(an+esthetic 感觉 + ic)→ 例:The anesthetic effect will last for two hours.(麻醉效果将持续两小时。)
三、ab-,abs - 前缀(加在词根前,表示 “相反,变坏,离去” 等)
abstain 戒绝(abs+tain 拿住→不再拿住→戒绝)→ 搭配 “abstain from smoking/drinking”(戒烟 / 戒酒)
abscise 切除(abs+cise 剪→剪掉→切除)→ 例:The doctor decided to abscise the infected part.(医生决定切除感染部位。)
absorb 吸收(ab+sorb 吸收→吸收掉)→ 搭配 “absorb knowledge”(吸收知识)、“absorb water”(吸水)
abject 可怜的(ab+ject 抛→抛掉→可怜的)→ 例:The abject beggar begged for food on the street.(那个可怜的乞丐在街上乞讨食物。)
abstract 抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract 拉→被拉开→心不在焉)→ 例:Abstract art is not easy to understand.(抽象艺术不容易理解。)
absent 缺席的(ab+sent 出现→没有出现→缺席的)→ 搭配 “be absent from class”(缺课)
abnormal 反常的(ab+normal 正常的)→ 例:Abnormal weather has affected agricultural production.(反常的天气影响了农业生产。)
abduct 绑架(ab+duct 引导→引走→绑架)→ 例:The criminal abducted the child for ransom.(罪犯绑架了孩子索要赎金。)
四、anti - 前缀(表示 “反对,相反”)
antithesis 对立;反论(anti+thesis 论文;观点)→ 例:Freedom and slavery are antitheses.(自由与奴隶制是对立的。)
antibacterial 抗菌的(anti+bacterial 细菌的)→ 例:This soap has antibacterial properties.(这种肥皂具有抗菌功效。)
antibody 抗体(anti+body 身体)→ 例:The body produces antibodies to fight viruses.(身体产生抗体来对抗病毒。)
antiwar 反战的(anti+war 战争)→ 例:Many people participated in the antiwar demonstration.(许多人参加了反战示威。)
antivirus 抗病毒的(anti+virus 病毒)→ 例:Install antivirus software to protect your computer.(安装杀毒软件保护你的电脑。)
antidote 解毒剂(anti+dote 给予→给予对抗之物→解毒剂)→ 例:There is no known antidote for this poison.(这种毒药目前没有已知的解毒剂。)
五、ante - 前缀(表示 “前面,先”)
antedate 提前写日期;先于,早于(ante+date 日期→提前写日期)→ 例:The letter was antedated by two days.(这封信的日期提前了两天。)
anterior 前面的(ante+erior [… 的]→前面的)→ 例:The anterior part of the car was damaged in the accident.(汽车的前部在事故中受损。)
antecedent 前事;先例(ante+ced 走 + ent→走在前面的 [事]→前事)→ 例:We should learn from historical antecedents.(我们应该从历史先例中学习。)
antechamber 前厅(ante+chamber 房间→前面的房间→前厅)→ 例:Guests waited in the antechamber before the meeting.(客人们在会议前在前厅等候。)
antemeridian 上午的(ante+meridian 子午线→子午线之前→上午的)→ 缩写 “a.m.”,对应 “postmeridian(下午的,p.m.)”
六、ad - 前缀(加在单词或词根前,表示 “做…,加强…”)
adjust 调整(ad+just 正确→弄正确→调整)→ 搭配 “adjust to sth.”(适应某物),例:She quickly adjusted to the new life.(她很快适应了新生活。)
adventure 冒险(ad+venture 冒险)→ 例:They went on an adventure in the Amazon rainforest.(他们在亚马逊雨林进行了一次冒险。)
admire 羡慕;钦佩(ad+mire 惊奇→惊喜;羡慕)→ 搭配 “admire sb. for sth.”(因某事钦佩某人)
adjacent 邻近的(ad+jacent 躺→躺在一起→邻近的)→ 搭配 “adjacent to”(与… 相邻),例:Our school is adjacent to the park.(我们学校毗邻公园。)
adjoin 贴近;毗连(ad+join 参加→参加在一起→贴近)→ 例:The two buildings adjoin each other.(这两栋楼彼此相连。)
adumbrate 预示(ad+umbr 影子 + ate→[将来的] 影子出现→预示)→ 例:The dark clouds adumbrated a heavy rain.(乌云预示着一场大雨。)
adapt 适应(ad+apt 能力→有适应能力)→ 搭配 “adapt oneself to”(使自己适应)
adept 熟练的(ad+ept 能力→有做事能力→熟练的)→ 搭配 “be adept at”(擅长),例:He is adept at playing the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。)
adopt 收养;采纳(ad+opt 选择→选出来→采纳)→ 例:They decided to adopt a homeless child.(他们决定收养一个无家可归的孩子。);adopt a suggestion(采纳建议)
adhere 坚持;粘附(ad+here 粘→粘在一起→坚持)→ 搭配 “adhere to principles”(坚持原则),例:Glue adheres paper to wood.(胶水能把纸粘在木头上。)
七、amphi - 前缀(表示 “两个,两种”)
amphicar 水陆两用车(amphi+car 车→两用车)→ 例:The amphicar can run on both land and water.(这种水陆两用车既能在陆地上行驶,也能在水上行驶。)
amphibian 两栖动物(amphi+bi 生命 + an→两个生命→两栖动物)→ 例:Frogs and toads are amphibians.(青蛙和蟾蜍是两栖动物。)
amphitheater 圆形剧场;阶梯式座位(amphi+theater 剧场→两面都能观看的剧场)→ 例:The ancient Romans built many amphitheaters.(古罗马人建造了许多圆形剧场。)
amphoteric 两性的(amphi+teric→两种性质的)→ 例:Some metals have amphoteric characteristics.(一些金属具有两性特征。)
八、强化前缀(ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at - 等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示 “一再” 等加强意)
accumulate 积累(ac+cumul 堆积 + ate→堆积起来→积累)→ 搭配 “accumulate wealth/experience”(积累财富 / 经验),例:He accumulated a lot of experience in his work.(他在工作中积累了很多经验。)
accustom 使习惯(ac+custom 习俗→习惯习俗)→ 搭配 “accustom oneself to”(使自己习惯),例:It takes time to accustom yourself to a new diet.(习惯新的饮食需要时间。)
accentuate 强调(ac+cent 唱歌→一再唱出→强调)→ 例:The report accentuates the importance of environmental protection.(这份报告强调了环境保护的重要性。)
accompany 陪伴(ac+company 伙伴→陪伴)→ 搭配 “accompany sb. to sp.”(陪伴某人去某地),例:She accompanied her mother to the hospital.(她陪母亲去了医院。)
accelerate 加速(ac+celer 速度→一再增加速度)→ 例:The car accelerated to overtake the truck.(汽车加速超过了卡车。)
accomplish 完成,实现(ac+compl 完成 + ish→一再完成→最终完成)→ 搭配 “accomplish a task/goal”(完成任务 / 目标),例:They accomplished the project ahead of schedule.(他们提前完成了项目。)
adduce 引证,举例(ad+duce 引导→一再引导→举例说明)→ 例:The lawyer adduced evidence to prove his client's innocence.(律师引用证据证明当事人无罪。)
affirm 肯定;证实(af+firm 坚定→肯定)→ 例:He affirmed that he had never seen the suspect.(他证实自己从未见过那个嫌疑人。)
aggrandize 扩大(ag+grand 大→一再大→扩大 [权力] 等)→ 例:The dictator tried to aggrandize his power.(独裁者试图扩大自己的权力。)
aggravate 恶化;加重(ag+grav 重 + ate→使更重→恶化)→ 例:Lack of treatment aggravated his illness.(缺乏治疗加重了他的病情。)
announce 通告;宣布(an+nounce 通知→通告)→ 搭配 “announce sth. to sb.”(向某人宣布某事),例:The school announced the holiday schedule.(学校公布了假期安排。)
affable 亲切的;和蔼的(af+fable 说话→不断可以说话→亲切)→ 例:The teacher is affable to all students.(这位老师对所有学生都很和蔼。)
afford 买得起;承担得起(af+ford 拿出→一再拿出 {钱}→买得起)→ 搭配 “can afford to do sth.”(有能力做某事),例:We can't afford to buy a new house now.(我们现在买不起新房子。)
appreciate 欣赏;感激(ap+reci 价值 + ate→一再给价→欣赏)→ 搭配 “appreciate sth./doing sth.”(欣赏 / 感激某事 / 做某事),例:I appreciate your help very much.(我非常感谢你的帮助。)
appal 使震惊(ap+pal 白色→[脸] 变白→受惊)→ 例:The news of the accident appalled everyone.(事故的消息让所有人都感到震惊。)
applause 鼓掌;掌声(ap+plaud 赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌)→ 例:Her speech was greeted with loud applause.(她的演讲赢得了热烈的掌声。)
arrive 到达(ar+rive 河→到达河边→达到目标)→ 搭配 “arrive at + 小地点 /arrive in + 大地点”,例:We arrived at the station at 8 o'clock.(我们 8 点到达了车站。)
arrange 安排;整理(ar+range 排列→安排)→ 搭配 “arrange sth. for sb.”(为某人安排某事),例:I arranged a meeting for tomorrow.(我安排了明天的会议。)
assimilate 吸收;同化(as+simil 相同 + ate→成为相同→同化)→ 例:Immigrants need time to assimilate into the local culture.(移民需要时间融入当地文化。)
assure 肯定;确信;保证(as+sure 确定→一再确定→肯定)→ 搭配 “assure sb. of sth.”(向某人保证某事),例:He assured me of his support.(他向我保证会支持我。)
assiduous 勤奋的(as+sid 坐 + uous→一再坐着 [学习]→勤奋)→ 例:She is assiduous in her studies and always gets good grades.(她学习勤奋,总是取得好成绩。)
assist 帮助;协助(as+sist 站→站过来→帮助)→ 搭配 “assist sb. with sth.”(帮助某人做某事),例:The nurse assisted the doctor with the operation.(护士协助医生进行手术。)
attain 达到;获得(at+tain 拿住→获得)→ 搭配 “attain a goal/success”(达到目标 / 获得成功),例:He attained great success through hard work.(他通过努力工作取得了巨大的成功。)
attract 吸引(at+tract 拉→拉过来→吸引)→ 搭配 “attract sb. to sth.”(把某人吸引到某物上),例:The beautiful scenery attracted many tourists.(美丽的风景吸引了许多游客。)
attach 附上;依恋(at+tach 接触→接触上→附上)→ 搭配 “attach sth. to sth.”(把某物附在某物上),例:Attach the file to the email before sending it.(发送邮件前把文件附上。);be attached to(依恋)
attest 证实;证明(at+test 试验→一再试验→证实)→ 例:The certificate attests to his professional qualifications.(这份证书证明了他的专业资格。)
attend 出席;参加;照料(at+tend 关心→关心到了→出席)→ 搭配 “attend a meeting/class”(出席会议 / 上课);attend to(照料),例:She stayed at home to attend to her sick child.(她留在家里照料生病的孩子。)
九、ana - 前缀(表示 “错误,在旁边,分开”)
analysis 分析(ana+lysis 分开→分开来→分析)→ 搭配 “make an analysis of”(对… 进行分析),例:The expert made a detailed analysis of the problem.(专家对这个问题进行了详细的分析。)
analogy 类比;类似(ana+logy 讲话→在旁边讲→讲一样的东西→类似)→ 搭配 “draw an analogy between A and B”(在 A 和 B 之间进行类比),例:She drew an analogy between learning a language and building a house.(她把学习语言比作盖房子。)
analogous 类似的(analogy 的形容词)→ 搭配 “be analogous to”(与… 类似),例:The function of this part is analogous to that of a heart.(这个部件的功能类似于心脏的功能。)
anachronism 时代错误;不合时宜的人或物(ana+chron 时间 + ism→时间上的错误→时代错误)→ 例:Using a flip phone in this smartphone era is an anachronism.(在这个智能手机时代使用翻盖手机是不合时宜的。)
anagram 字谜(ana+gram 字母→重新排列字母→字谜)→ 例:“Listen” is an anagram of “silent”.(“Listen” 是 “silent” 的字谜形式。)
十、表示 “女” 的词根:gyn (o); gynec (o)
gynecology 妇科学,妇科(gyneco 妇女 +-logy… 学)→ 例:She specializes in gynecology in the hospital.(她在医院里专攻妇科。)
gynecologist 妇科医生(gyneco 妇女 +-ist 人)→ 例:The gynecologist advised her to have a regular check-up.(妇科医生建议她定期体检。)
gynecian 妇女的,妇人的(gynec 妇女 +-ian… 的)→ 例:This is a gynecian health care product.(这是一款女性保健品。)
gynecomastia 男性乳房发育症(gyneco 妇女 + mast 乳房 + ia 病症→女性化的乳房病症)→ 医学术语,例:The patient was diagnosed with gynecomastia.(这位患者被诊断出患有男性乳房发育症。)
十一、表示 “女” 的词根:em; femin
female 女性的,妇女的;女子(fem 女,妇女)→ 例:She is one of the most successful female scientists in the world.(她是世界上最成功的女科学家之一。)
feminine 女性的,妇女的;阴柔的(femin 女 +-ine… 的)→ 例:She has a feminine manner.(她有着阴柔的气质。)
femininity 女性气质;妇女的特性(femin 女 +-ality 表示性质)→ 例:Her femininity is admired by many people.(她的女性气质受到很多人的赞赏。)
femme 妇女;妻子(源自法语,表 “女性”)→ 例:The femme in the story is brave and independent.(故事中的那位女性勇敢而独立。)
feminist 女权主义者;女权的(femin 女 +-ist 人 /… 的)→ 例:She is a famous feminist who fights for women's rights.(她是一位著名的女权主义者,为妇女权利而奋斗。)
feminize 使女性化;使具有女性特征(femin 女 +-ize 使… 化)→ 例:The design of this product is feminized.(这款产品的设计很女性化。)
十二、be - 前缀
构成动词,表示 “使… 成为”
beguile 欺骗;诱骗(be+guile 欺骗)→ 例:He beguiled her into giving him all her money.(他欺骗她把所有的钱都给了他。)
belie 掩盖;违背(be+lie 说谎)→ 例:His calm appearance belies his inner anxiety.(他平静的外表掩盖了内心的焦虑。)
bequeath 遗留给,传下(be+queath 要求→要求给某人→遗留给)→ 例:He bequeathed his collection of books to the library.(他把自己的藏书遗赠给了图书馆。)
beware 注意;提防(be+ware 注意)→ 搭配 “beware of”(提防),例:Beware of pickpockets in crowded places.(在人多的地方要提防小偷。)
befriend 友好对待;与… 交友(be+friend 朋友)→ 例:She befriended the new student and showed her around the school.(她和新来的学生交朋友,并带她参观了学校。)
befall 降临;发生(be+fall 掉下→掉下来→发生)→ 例:A terrible disaster befell the small town.(一场可怕的灾难降临到了这个小镇。)
belittle 小看;贬低(be+little 小→小看人)→ 例:Don't belittle his achievements; he worked very hard for them.(不要贬低他的成就,那是他努力换来的。)
bewilder 使… 迷惑;使不知所措(be+wilder 迷惑)→ 例:The complex instructions bewildered the new employee.(复杂的说明让新员工不知所措。)
benumb 使麻木;使失去感觉(be+numb 麻木)→ 例:The cold weather benumbed his fingers.(寒冷的天气让他的手指麻木了。)
构成一些介词
before 在前面;在… 之前(be+fore 前面)→ 例:Please come before 9 o'clock.(请在 9 点前过来。)
beneath 在下面;在… 下方(be+neath 下面)→ 例:There is a cat beneath the table.(桌子下面有一只猫。)
beside 在旁边;在… 附近(be+side 旁边)→ 例:She sat beside her mother on the sofa.(她坐在沙发上妈妈的旁边。)
behind 在后面;落后于(be+hind 后面)→ 例:He is behind schedule in finishing the project.(他完成项目的进度落后于计划。)
十三、bene - 前缀(表示 “善,好”)
benevolent 好意的;仁慈的(bene+vol 意愿 + ent→好意的)→ 例:The benevolent old man donated a lot of money to charity.(这位仁慈的老人向慈善机构捐了很多钱。)
benefaction 好事;恩惠;捐赠(bene+fact 做 + ion→做好事)→ 例:His benefaction helped many poor children go to school.(他的捐赠帮助了许多贫困儿童上学。)
benefit 好处,利益;有益于(bene+fit 做→做事后的好处→利益)→ 搭配 “benefit from”(从… 中受益),例:We all benefit from the development of technology.(我们都从科技的发展中受益。)
benediction 祝福(bene+dict 说 + ion→说好话→祝福)→ 例:The priest gave the couple a benediction at the wedding.(牧师在婚礼上为这对夫妇送上了祝福。)
beneficent 仁慈的,善行的(bene+fic 做 + ent→做好事的)→ 例:The beneficent organization provides food and shelter for the homeless.(这个慈善组织为无家可归者提供食物和住所。)
beneficial 有益的;有利的(bene+fic 做 + ial→有好处的)→ 搭配 “be beneficial to”(对… 有益),例:Exercise is beneficial to health.(运动有益于健康。)
十四、bi - 前缀(表示 “两个,两”)
biweekly 双周刊;每周两次的(bi+week 星期 + ly→两星期一次的 / 每周两次的)→ 例:This magazine is a biweekly.(这本杂志是双周刊。);He goes to the gym biweekly.(他每周去两次健身房。)
bilingual 双语种的;会说两种语言的(bi+lingu 语言 + al→双语的)→ 例:Many children in international schools are bilingual.(国际学校的许多孩子都是双语的。)
biennial 两年一次的;两年生的(bi+enn 年 + ial→两年(一次)的)→ 例:The biennial art exhibition will be held next year.(两年一度的艺术展将于明年举办。);This is a biennial plant.(这是一种两年生植物。)
biannual 一年两次的;半年一次的(bi+ann 年 + ual→一年两次的)→ 例:The company holds a biannual meeting to summarize work.(公司每半年开一次会总结工作。)
bicycle 自行车(bi+cycle 轮→两个轮子→自行车)→ 例:He rides his bicycle to work every day.(他每天骑自行车上班。)
bilateral 双边的;双方的(bi+lateral 边→两边的→双边的)→ 例:The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.(两国签署了双边贸易协定。)
十五、by - 前缀(表示 “在旁边,副的”)
byproduct 副产品(by+product 产品)→ 例:Molasses is a byproduct of sugar production.(糖蜜是制糖业的副产品。)
byroad 辅路;小路(by+road 路)→ 例:We took a quiet byroad to avoid the traffic jam.(我们走了一条安静的辅路来避开交通堵塞。)
byway 小道;偏僻小路(by+way 小路)→ 例:They walked along the byway in the countryside.(他们沿着乡下的小道散步。)
bygone 过时的;过去的(by+gone 过去的)→ 短语 “bygone days”(往昔岁月),例:We should forget bygone disputes.(我们应该忘记过去的纷争。)
bypass 旁路;绕过;忽略(by+pass 通过→从旁边通过→忽略)→ 例:The new road will bypass the city center.(这条新路将绕过市中心。);Don't bypass the rules.(不要无视规则。)
bywork 副业;兼职工作(by+work 工作)→ 例:He does translation as a bywork to earn extra money.(他把翻译作为副业来赚取额外收入。)
bystander 旁观者(by+stand 站 + er 人→站在旁边的人→旁观者)→ 例:The bystanders helped the victim after the accident.(事故发生后,旁观者帮助了受害者。)
十六、circum - 前缀(表示 “环绕,周围”)
circumcise 环割;包皮环切(circum+cise 切→环切)→ 医学术语,例:The baby was circumcised shortly after birth.(这个婴儿出生后不久就做了包皮环切手术。)
circumference 周长;周围(circum+fer 带来 + ence→带来一圈→周长)→ 例:We measured the circumference of the tree trunk.(我们测量了树干的周长。)
circumnavigate 环航世界(circum+navigate 航行→环绕航行→环航世界)→ 例:Magellan's fleet was the first to circumnavigate the globe.(麦哲伦的船队是第一支环球航行的船队。)
circumscribe 限制;划定范围(circum+scribe 写→规定范围→限制)→ 例:The rules circumscribe our actions.(这些规则限制了我们的行为。)
circumspect 小心谨慎的(circum+spect 看→向周围看→小心谨慎的)→ 例:He is a circumspect investor who never takes unnecessary risks.(他是一位谨慎的投资者,从不冒不必要的风险。)
circumvent 回避;规避;绕过(circum+vent 走→绕圈走→回避)→ 例:Some people try to circumvent tax laws.(有些人试图规避税法。)
circumambulate 绕行;绕… 走(circum+ambul 走 + ate→环绕着走→绕行)→ 例:The pilgrims circumambulated the holy temple.(朝圣者绕着圣庙行走。)
十七、co - 前缀(表示 “共同”,通常放在元音词根前)
cooperation 合作(co+operation 操作→共同操作→合作)→ 搭配 “in cooperation with”(与… 合作),例:We achieved success in cooperation with other teams.(我们与其他团队合作取得了成功。)
coagulate 凝结;凝固(co+agul 凝聚 + ate→凝聚起来→凝结)→ 例:Blood coagulates when it comes into contact with air.(血液接触空气后会凝固。)
cohere 附着;粘着;连贯(co+here 粘→粘在一起→连贯)→ 例:The argument in his essay does not cohere well.(他文章中的论点不够连贯。)
coincide 一致,符合;巧合(co+in 进 + cide 掉下→共同掉进来→巧合)→ 搭配 “coincide with”(与… 一致 / 巧合),例:His opinion coincides with mine.(他的观点和我的一致。)
coordinate 协调;配合;同等的(co+ordin 顺序 + ate→顺序一样→同等的,引申为协调)→ 例:We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the task.(我们需要协调努力来完成任务。);The two departments are coordinate.(这两个部门是平级的。)
coexist 共存;共处(co+exist 存在→共同存在→共存)→ 例:Different cultures can coexist peacefully.(不同的文化可以和平共处。)
collaborate 合作;协作(co+labor 劳动 + ate→共同劳动→协作)→ 搭配 “collaborate with sb. on sth.”(与某人在某事上合作),例:She collaborated with him on a research project.(她和他合作进行一个研究项目。)
十八、col-,cor - 前缀(在同辅音词根前,表示 “共同”)
collaboration 协作;合著(col+labor 劳动 + ation→共同劳动→协作)→ 例:This book is the result of collaboration between two scholars.(这本书是两位学者合作的成果。)
collocate 并置,排列;搭配(col+loc 地方 + ate→放在同一地方→排列 / 搭配)→ 例:Red and green collocate well in this design.(红色和绿色在这个设计中搭配得很好。);Some words collocate naturally.(有些单词自然搭配。)
colingual 用同一种语言的(col+lingu 语言 + al→同语言的)→ 例:They are colingual and can communicate easily.(他们说同一种语言,沟通很容易。)
collapse 倒塌;崩溃(col+lapse 滑倒→全部滑倒→倒塌)→ 例:The old building collapsed after the earthquake.(那栋旧楼在地震后倒塌了。);His health collapsed due to overwork.(他因过度劳累而身体垮了。)
collate 校对;整理(col+late 放→放到一起→校对)→ 例:The editor collated the manuscript carefully.(编辑仔细校对了手稿。)
collateral 并列的,并行的;附属的(col+later 边 + al→周边的→并列的)→ 例:The company has collateral businesses.(这家公司有附属业务。);Collateral evidence is also important in a trial.(旁证在审判中也很重要。)
colleague 同事(col+league 捆绑→捆绑在一起的人→同事)→ 例:My colleagues and I often help each other.(我和同事们经常互相帮助。)
collect 收集;聚集(col+lect 选择→放在一起选择→收集)→ 搭配 “collect stamps/money”(集邮 / 存钱),例:She collects dolls from all over the world.(她收集来自世界各地的娃娃。)
correct 改正,纠正;正确的(cor+rect 正→全部改正→纠正)→ 例:The teacher corrected our mistakes in the homework.(老师批改了我们作业中的错误。);This is the correct answer.(这是正确的答案。)
correspond 通信;符合;对应(cor+respond 反应→共同反应→相互通信)→ 搭配 “correspond with sb.”(与某人通信);“correspond to”(与… 对应),例:The numbers correspond to the names on the list.(这些数字与名单上的名字相对应。)
correlate 相关;关联(cor+relate 联系→共同联系→相关)→ 搭配 “correlate with”(与… 相关),例:Smoking correlates with many diseases.(吸烟与多种疾病相关。)
corrupt 腐败的;腐蚀(cor+rupt 破坏→共同破坏→腐败)→ 例:The corrupt official was arrested by the police.(这位腐败的官员被警方逮捕了。);Power can corrupt some people.(权力会腐蚀一些人。)
第二部分 强化训练题
一、单项选择题(选出划线部分词义最接近的选项)
The patient's abnormal symptoms worried the doctor.( )
A. normal B. unusual C. common D. typical
We need to cooperate with each other to complete the project.( )
A. compete B. work together C. fight against D. argue with
The company decided to adopt a new policy to improve efficiency.( )
A. reject B. abandon C. accept D. oppose
She is adept at playing the piano and has won many awards.( )
A. good at B. interested in C. tired of D. afraid of
The anechoic chamber is used for testing audio equipment.( )
A. full of echoes B. without echoes C. loud D. quiet
The government took measures to alleviate the problem of unemployment.( )
A. worsen B. ease C. create D. ignore
His benevolent actions won the respect of all people.( )
A. cruel B. kind C. selfish D. strict
The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.( )
A. one-sided B. multi-sided C. two-sided D. all-sided
She tried to circumvent the traffic jam by taking a back road.( )
A. face B. avoid C. cause D. solve
The speech accentuated the importance of protecting the environment.( )
A. emphasized B. ignored C. forgot D. downplayed
二、根据词根词缀含义,写出下列单词的中文意思
1.antibacterial _______________
2.antecedent _______________
3.assimilate _______________
4.gynecologist _______________
5.circumscribe _______________
6.beneficiary _______________(bene+fic 做 + iary 人→受益的人)
7.bilingual _______________
8.bystander _______________
9.collaborate _______________
10.bewilder _______________
三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(根据词根词缀知识判断词性和词义)
1.The _______________ (analyze) of the data shows that our sales are increasing.
2.She is a _______________ (feminism) who has devoted her life to women's rights.
3.The old man _______________ (bequeath) his house to his grandson.
4.We need to _______________ (coordinate) our plans to avoid conflicts.
5.The _______________ (abnormal) of the test results requires further investigation.
6.He _______________ (assure) me that he would finish the work on time.
7.The _______________ (benevolent) of the millionaire helped many poor students.
8.The company's _______________ (collaborate) with a foreign firm proved successful.
9.The _______________ (circumstance) forced him to change his plan.
10.She felt _______________ (bewilder) when she faced so many choices.
第三部分 参考答案及解析
一、单项选择题
答案:B 解析:abnormal 由前缀 ab-(相反)+normal(正常的)构成,意为 “反常的,不寻常的”,与 unusual(不寻常的)词义相近。A 选项 normal(正常的)是反义词;C 选项 common(常见的)、D 选项 typical(典型的)均不符合题意。
答案:B 解析:cooperate 由前缀 co-(共同)+operate(操作)构成,意为 “合作”,与 work together(一起工作)词义一致。A 选项 compete(竞争)、C 选项 fight against(对抗)、D 选项 argue with(争论)均为反义词或无关词义。
答案:C 解析:adopt 由前缀 ad-(加强)+opt(选择)构成,意为 “采纳,接受”,与 accept(接受)词义相近。A 选项 reject(拒绝)、B 选项 abandon(放弃)、D 选项 oppose(反对)均为反义词。
答案:A 解析:adept 由前缀 ad-(加强)+ept(能力)构成,意为 “熟练的,擅长的”,与 good at(擅长)词义一致。B 选项 interested in(对… 感兴趣)、C 选项 tired of(厌倦)、D 选项 afraid of(害怕)均不符合题意。
答案:B 解析:anechoic 由前缀 an-(无)+echo(回声)+ic(形容词后缀)构成,意为 “无回声的”,与 without echoes(没有回声的)词义一致。A 选项 full of echoes(充满回声的)是反义词;C 选项 loud(大声的)、D 选项 quiet(安静的)均不准确。
答案:B 解析:alleviate 虽未在讲义中直接出现,但可通过词根词缀推测:lev 表示 “举起,减轻”,前缀 al-(加强),意为 “减轻,缓解”,与 ease(缓解)词义相近。A 选项 worsen(恶化)是反义词;C 选项 create(创造)、D 选项 ignore(忽视)均不符合题意。
答案:B 解析:benevolent 由前缀 bene-(善,好)+vol(意愿)+ent(形容词后缀)构成,意为 “仁慈的,好意的”,与 kind(善良的)词义相近。A 选项 cruel(残忍的)、C 选项 selfish(自私的)、D 选项 strict(严格的)均不符合题意。
答案:C 解析:bilateral 由前缀 bi-(两个)+lateral(边的)构成,意为 “双边的”,与 two-sided(两边的)词义一致。A 选项 one-sided(单边的)、B 选项 multi-sided(多边的)、D 选项 all-sided(全面的)均不符合题意。
答案:B 解析:circumvent 由前缀 circum-(环绕)+vent(走)构成,意为 “回避,绕过”,与 avoid(避免)词义相近。A 选项 face(面对)、C 选项 cause(导致)、D 选项 solve(解决)均不符合题意。
答案:A 解析:accentuate 由前缀 ac-(加强)+cent(唱歌)+uate(动词后缀)构成,意为 “强调”,与 emphasized(强调)词义一致。B 选项 ignored(忽视)、C 选项 forgot(忘记)、D 选项 downplayed(淡化)均为反义词。
二、根据词根词缀含义,写出下列单词的中文意思
antibacterial:抗菌的(anti - 反对 + bacterial 细菌的→对抗细菌的→抗菌的)
antecedent:前事;先例(ante - 前面 + ced 走 + ent→走在前面的事→前事)
assimilate:吸收;同化(as - 加强 + simil 相同 + ate→成为相同→同化)
gynecologist:妇科医生(gyneco - 妇女 +-ist 人→研究妇女疾病的人→妇科医生)
circumscribe:限制;划定范围(circum - 环绕 + scribe 写→环绕着写定范围→限制)
beneficiary:受益人(bene - 善 + fic 做 + iary 人→得到好处的人→受益人)
bilingual:双语的;会说两种语言的(bi - 两个 + lingu 语言 + al→两种语言的→双语的)
三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
analysis
feminist
bequeathed
coordinate
abnormality
assured
benevolence
collaboration
circumstances
bewildered
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