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高考英语阅读CD篇：心理机制说明文深度阅读
Ⅰ心理机制说明文命题特征
Ⅱ心理机制说明文深度阅读之语篇结构
此类说明文的语篇结构一般为：现象/问题 → 研究/分析 → 结论/启示
2026浙江首考C篇结构
Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews.
The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel.
The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says.
When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long negative review of a hotel complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers—or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.
The fake reviews written for Azimi's study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn't a good sign.
28. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance.
答案：A.根据语篇结构可知，第二段主要讲述研究设计。
2025浙江首考D篇结构
As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
33．What were the participants probably asked to do in the study
A．Design a product. B．Respond to a survey.
C．Work as assistants. D．Take a language test.
答案：B.根据文本结构和第二段红色字体可知，参与者被要求对对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。
2024新高考Ⅰ卷C篇结构
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
答案：D.根据文本结构，第二段在进一步描述第一段的实验结果，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意。
Ⅲ心理机制说明文深度阅读之语篇主旨
(2026浙江首考C篇)
…
A long negative review of a hotel complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.
…
29.What does the underlined word "glowing" in paragraph 4 mean
Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising.
答案：D.第四段是揭示的研究的结果，即语篇主旨--长详负面假评可信，正面评宜短，可得出，此处表示的是表扬的评论是短小的。
(2025浙江首考D篇)
…
As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.
…
32．What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless
A．To reduce stereotypes. B．To meet public demand.
C．To cut production costs. D．To encourage competition.
答案：A.第一自然段引出话题，指出主旨人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷C篇)
…
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
…
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students' attention.B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.D. They are more informative than text.
答案：A.第五段是通过对比方式来总结研究--阅读比听看记忆更多，however之前是表达音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术。
Ⅳ心理机制说明文深度阅读之心理机制
（2026浙江首考C篇）
…
A long negative review of a hotel complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers—or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.
…
30.What kind of review would readers most likely trust
A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one.
C.A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one.
答案：B.第四段解释了人们会相信错误评论的心理机制：长且负面的评论，再加没有感情的评论会让人容易相信。
（2025浙江首考D篇）
…
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
…
34．Why is it difficult to create genderless objects
A．They cannot be mass-produced. B．Naming them is a challenging task.
C．People assume they are unreliable. D．Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
答案：D.第四段解释了创造无性别对象困难的心理机制，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别。
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷C篇)
…
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
…
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
答案：A.第四段阐释了shallowing hypothesis (假说)，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少。
Ⅴ心理机制说明文深度阅读之高阶思维
（2026浙江首考C篇）
…
The fake reviews written for Azimi's study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn't a good sign.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
Many companies are producing fake reviews. B.Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal.
C Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D It will be harder to recognize fake reviews.
答案：D.根据语篇结构、主旨和最后一段红色字体，进行分析和辨析，可知，因为AI产生，未来识别虚假评论会更困难。
（2025浙江首考D篇）
…
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
35 What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product.
C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women.
答案：B.根据语篇结构、主旨和最后一段红色字体，进行分析和辨析，可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷C篇)
…
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案：C.根据语篇结构、主旨和最后一段红色字体，进行分析和辨析，可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。
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