资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语长难句“减法”破解妙术
Ⅰ英语长难句的结构
举例：（2025新高考Ⅰ卷七选五）
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.
第一步：去掉介词短语：in a student（在某位同学身上）；before seeing her（在见她之前）
第二步：去掉非谓语：having a much better day （一天变得更好，作定语修饰student）
第三步：去掉从句：
Murphy may not know；(Murphy或许不知道,定语从句修饰thing)
that her smile……seeing her；(她的微笑具有感染力……，系动词is后作表语从句)
than they were having （比他们之前有的，比较状语从句）
第四步：去掉并列结构：is contagious and can be the difference（具有感染力且有不同之处，并列谓语）
One thing Murphy may not know is （that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. ）
第五步：提取主干：One thing is （一件事是）
第六步：整合句意：Murphy或许不知道的一件事是，她的微笑具有感染力，而且可能使某位学生的这一天变得比见到她之前要好得多。
Ⅱ长难句减法原则
第一步：去掉介词短语
（2024新高考Ⅱ卷C篇）Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
第一步：去掉介词短语：inside the office(在办公室里面)；by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic(通过减少垃圾桶和避免单一使用的塑料)
Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
第二步：提取主干：they encourage recycling and waste reduction（他们鼓励回收利用和减少垃圾）
第三步：整合句意：在办公室里面，通过减少垃圾桶和避免单一使用的塑料的方式，他们鼓励回收利用和减少垃圾。
第二步：去掉非谓语
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷C篇)Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”
第一步：去掉介词短语： at its proposed replacement with an expressway（对公园将被高速公路取代的提议）；as a decent place（作为一个得体的地方）
第二步：去掉非谓语：
describing her alarm(描述了她的震惊)
to champion “New York（来声援纽约……；固定搭配call on sb to do sth中作宾语补足语）
to live, and not just rush through.”（适合居住的，而非匆匆穿行的通道，作定语修饰place）
Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”
第三步：提取主干：Jane Jacobs called on her mayor （Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长）
第四步：整合句意：Jane Jacobs对公园将被高速公路取代的提议感到震惊，呼吁市长将纽约打造成“宜居之地，而非匆匆穿行的通道。
第三步：去掉从句
（2025新高考Ⅰ卷A篇）As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation, which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
第一步：去掉介词短语：with transportation（交通的）
第二步：去掉非谓语：to decarbonize everything（每件事脱碳）
第三步：去掉从句：As the world races（当全世界竞相推动，状语从句）；which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions（它的温室气体排放约占能源相关排放总量的四分之一）
As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation, which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
第四步：提取主干：it faces particular problems（它面对着交通运输问题）
第五步：整合句意：当全世界竞相推动各领域脱碳时，交通运输领域问题尤为突出——其温室气体排放约占能源相关排放总量的四分之一。
第四步：去掉并列结构
(2023新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject.
第一步：去掉介词短语：in paintings(在画作中)；of the subject(这个主题的)
第二步：去掉非谓语：to demonstrate the intellect(来表现才智)
第三步：无从句
第四步：去掉并列结构：the intellect,wealth or faith(才智，财富或信仰)
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect , wealth or faith of the subject.
第五步：提取主干：Books may be used（书籍可能被使用）
第六步：整合句意：书籍它们自己可能被象征性地在画作中使用来表现才智，财富或信仰。
第五步：去掉同位语/插入语
Mr Yan, a nice gentlemen of medium height with short black hair, is our math teacher, who is patient with us and devoted to his work with all his heart and admired by his students.
第一步：去掉介词短语：of medium height（中等身高）；with short black hair(有短的黑发)；with all his heart(全心地)；by his students(被他的学生)
第二步：无非谓语
第三步：去掉从句：who is patient with us and devoted to his work and admired(对我们耐心，对他的工作敬业，被钦佩)
第四步：去掉并列结构：is patient and devoted and admired(耐心，敬业和钦佩，定语从句三个谓语动词并列)
第五步：去掉同位语：a nice gentlemen（一位善良的绅士）
Mr Yan, a nice gentlemen of medium height with short black hair, is our math teacher, who is patient with us and devoted to his work with all his heart and admired by his students.
第六步：提取主干：Mr Yan is our math teacher(严老师是我们的数学老师)
第七步：整合句意：严老师，一位中等身高且有着短黑发的善良绅士，是我们的数学老师，他对我们耐心，对他的工作全心地敬业，被他的学生钦佩。
Ⅲ例题
（2025新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of ____57____ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
答案：56 which 57. the 58. to present 59. guidance
are revealed 61. tries 62. by 63. strategic##strategical 64. and 65. digitally
需进行长难句分析的题目：
which. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
第一步：去掉介词短语：at the Jiushi Art Museum; in Shanghai; by Go, or weiqi in Chinese; in China
第二步：去掉非谓语：inspired
第三步：暂时看不出来从句
第四步：无并列结构
第五步：无同位语/插入语
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
第六步：提取主干：An exhibition is featuring……，_______ originated
做完减法原则后，可知，主语是an exhibition, 谓语有2个，is featuring和originated,但是中间无连词只有逗号，则56空为从句关联词，根据定语从句关系代词的作用可知填which.
60 are revealed. The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.
第一步: 去掉介词短语：during the game
第二步/第三步：无非谓语和从句
第四步：去掉并列句：and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent
第五步：无同位语/插入语
The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.
第六步：提取主干：The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal)
做完减法原则后，可知，主语是the players’ personalities, reveal作为谓语，因与主语是被动关系，故填被动语态。
64 and. Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
第一步：去掉介词短语：between the black and white pieces；in the strategic placement of the pieces;for the exhibition
第二步：去掉非谓语：following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints
第三步：无从句
第四步：去掉并列结构：oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints
第五步：无同位语/插入语
第六步：提取主干：Tu says that the balance, the beauty,_____ the energy
做完减法原则后，可知，Tu 是主语，says是谓语，that引导宾语从句，the balance,the beauty和the energy 是并列关系，填and
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