2026年中考英语定语从句与状语从句核心讲义&强化训练

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2026年中考英语定语从句与状语从句核心讲义&强化训练

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语定语从句与状语从句核心讲义&强化训练
一、核心概念与本质区别
从句类型 核心定义 本质功能 关键特征
定语从句 修饰代词、名词或整个主句(先行词)的从句,相当于形容词 限定、描述先行词的属性、特征或范围 1. 必有先行词(被修饰的名词/代词);2. 关系词(that/when等)既连接句子,又在从句中充当成分(主、宾、状等)
状语从句 修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词的从句 说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等情境 1. 无先行词;2. 引导词(when/where等)仅起连接作用,不充当从句成分
易错点辨析(when/where/why 的双重用法)
判断步骤(3步快速区分):
找到从句,定位其前面紧挨的词语;
若前面是名词/代词(即先行词),且从句是对该词的描述/限定→定语从句;
若前面无名词/代词,且从句说明时间、地点、原因等情境→状语从句。
例句对比:
定语从句:I visited the city where my grandma lived.(where 前有先行词 city,从句描述 city)
状语从句:I will go where the air is fresh.(where 前无名词,从句说明地点 “去空气清新的地方”)
二、定语从句详解
(一)定义
修饰代词、名词或整个主句(先行词)的从句,在句中相当于形容词,起定语作用,通常紧跟在先行词之后。
(二)关系词的分类与用法
1. 关系代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语)
关系代词 指代对象 从句中充当成分 中考高频例句
who 人(主格) 主语 The girl who is reading is my classmate.(正在看书的女孩是我的同学)
whom 人(宾格) 宾语(可省略) The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom.(你昨天见到的男孩是汤姆)
whose 人/物 定语(“……的”) ①The boy whose bag is lost is crying.(丢了书包的男孩在哭)②This is the book whose cover is red.(这是本封面红色的书)
which 物 主语、宾语(宾语可省略) ①The pen which is on the desk is mine.(桌上的钢笔是我的)②I lost the book which I bought yesterday.(我丢了昨天买的书)
that 人/物 主语、宾语(宾语可省略) ①The teacher that teaches math is very kind.(教数学的老师很友好)②This is the gift that my mom gave me.(这是妈妈送我的礼物)
中考易错点提醒: 关系代词作宾语时可省略:I like the movie(that/which)we watched last night. 先行词既有人又有物时,只能用 that:We talked about the people and places that we visited.
2. 关系副词(在从句中作状语,相当于 “介词 + which”)
关系副词 指代对象 相当于 中考高频例句
when 时间名词(day, year 等) on/in/at which I remember the day when we had a picnic.(=on which)
where 地点名词(city, school 等) in/at/on which This is the school where I studied.(=in which)
why 原因名词(reason) for which He told me the reason why he was late.(=for which)
三、状语从句详解
(一)定义
由从属连词引出,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词,说明动作的时间、地点、原因、条件等情境。
(二)九大类型及中考核心用法
1. 时间状语从句(说明 “何时做”)
从属连词 用法区别 中考高频例句
when 主句、从句动作可同时/先后发生 When he arrived, we were having dinner.(他到的时候,我们正在吃饭)
as 强调动作同时进行(“一边……一边”) She sang as she walked.(她边走边唱)
while 从句动作持续时间长,主句动作短暂 I was doing homework while my sister was watching TV.(我做作业时,姐姐在看电视)
as soon as 强调 “一……就……” As soon as the bell rings, class begins.(铃一响,上课就开始)
since 自从……以来(主句常用现在完成时) I have lived here since I was born.(我从出生起就住在这里)
until/till 直到……为止(否定句表 “直到……才”) He didn’t go to bed until his mom came back.(直到妈妈回来,他才睡觉)
2. 地点状语从句(说明 “在哪里做”)
核心连词:where(哪里)、wherever(无论哪里)
中考高频例句:
① Where there is water, there is life.(有水的地方就有生命)
② You can sit wherever you want.(你想坐哪儿就坐哪儿)
3. 原因状语从句(说明 “为什么做”)
从属连词 语气强度 中考高频例句
because 最强(回答 why 提问) I didn’t go out because it rained.(因为下雨,我没出去)
as 较弱(补充说明原因) As he was ill, he stayed at home.(他病了,所以待在家里)
since 较弱(“既然”,已知原因) Since you know the answer, please tell us.(既然你知道答案,请告诉我们)
4. 条件状语从句(说明 “在什么条件下做”)
核心连词:if(如果)、unless(除非 = if not)、as long as(只要)
中考高频例句:
① I will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(如果明天不下雨,我就去公园)
② You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.(除非你努力学习,否则不会通过考试)
时态考点:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(“主将从现”) 正确:If he comes, I will call you. 错误:If he will come, I will call you.
5. 让步状语从句(说明 “尽管……还是做”)
核心连词:although/though(虽然)、even if(即使)
中考高频例句:
① Although he is short, he runs fast.(虽然他矮,但跑得快)
② She will go to school even if it snows.(即使下雪,她也会去上学)
易错点:although/though 不能与 but 连用(只能选其一) 正确:Although it was cold, we went out. 错误:Although it was cold, but we went out.
6. 目的状语从句(说明 “为了做某事”)
核心连词:so that(为了)、in order that(为了)
中考高频例句:
He studies hard so that he can get good grades.(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩)
7. 结果状语从句(说明 “做了之后的结果”)
核心连词:so...that(如此……以至于)、such...that(如此……以至于)
用法区别:
① so + 形容词/副词 + that:She is so kind that everyone likes her.
② such+(a/an)+ 形容词 + 名词 + that:It is such a beautiful flower that I want to buy it.
8. 方式状语从句(说明 “怎样做”)
核心连词:as(像……一样)、as if(好像)
中考高频例句:
Do it as your teacher told you.(按照老师教的做)
9. 比较状语从句(说明 “和……相比”)
核心连词:than(比)、as...as(和……一样)、not as/so...as(不如……)
中考高频例句:
① He runs faster than his brother.(他比哥哥跑得快)
② She is as tall as her sister.(她和姐姐一样高)
四、强化训练题
一、单项选择
This is the school ______ I studied three years ago.( )
A. where B. when C. why D. what
I will call you ______ I get to Beijing tomorrow.( )
A. as soon as B. until C. while D. since
The girl ______ hair is black is my best friend.( )
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
______ it was raining hard, we still went to the zoo.( )
A. Because B. If C. Although D. Unless
I don’t know the reason ______ she was late for class.( )
A. where B. why C. when D. which
You will succeed ______ you work hard.( )
A. as long as B. because C. though D. since
He told me a story ______ made me laugh.( )
A. when B. where C. that D. why
______ you are free, you can visit your grandparents.( )
A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Wherever
This is the book ______ my father bought for me yesterday.( )
A. who B. which C. whose D. when
She speaks English ______ well ______ her teacher.( )
A. so; as B. as; as C. such; that D. too; to
二、句型转换
We visited the factory. My father works in the factory.(合并为定语从句)
We visited the factory ______ ______ ______ works.
He will go to the park. It doesn’t rain tomorrow.(合并为条件状语从句)
He will go to the park ______ ______ ______ tomorrow.
She was late for school. She missed the early bus.(合并为原因状语从句)
She was late for school ______ ______ ______ the early bus.
The boy is my cousin. The boy is wearing a blue jacket.(合并为定语从句)
The boy ______ ______ wearing a blue jacket is my cousin.
I finished my homework. Then I watched TV.(合并为时间状语从句)
I watched TV ______ ______ ______ my homework.
三、改错
Although he is young, but he knows a lot.( )______
I will tell him the news if he will come back.( )______
This is the place where we visited last year.( )______
He runs so fast as his brother.( )______
The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.( )______
五、参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
A
解析:从句修饰先行词 the school(地点名词),且从句中不缺主语/宾语,用关系副词 where,表 “我三年前学习的学校”,故选 A。
A
解析:句意 “我明天一到北京就给你打电话”,as soon as 引导时间状语从句,表 “一……就……”,符合语境;until “直到”,while“当……时”(从句需持续动作),since “自从”,均不符,故选 A。
B
解析:从句修饰 the girl,且从句中 hair 前需定语(“女孩的头发”),用 whose,故选 B。
C
解析:句意 “尽管雨下得很大,我们还是去了动物园”,although 引导让步状语从句,表 “尽管”;because “因为”,if “如果”,unless “除非”,均不符,故选 C。
B
解析:从句修饰先行词 the reason(原因名词),用关系副词 why,表 “她上课迟到的原因”,故选 B。
A
解析:句意 “只要你努力,就会成功”,as long as 引导条件状语从句,表 “只要”;because “因为”,though “尽管”,since “既然”,均不符,故选 A。
C
解析:从句修饰 a story(物),且从句中缺主语(made 的主语是 story),用关系代词 that/which,故选 C。
A
解析:句意 “无论你什么时候有空,都可以去看望祖父母”,whenever 引导时间状语从句,表 “无论何时”;whatever “无论什么”,however “无论怎样”,wherever “无论哪里”,均不符,故选 A。
B
解析:从句修饰 the book(物),且从句中缺宾语(bought 的宾语是 book),用关系代词 which/that,故选 B。
B
解析:句意 “她英语说得和老师一样好”,as...as 表 “和……一样”,用于肯定句;so...as 用于否定句(not so...as);such...that 后接从句;too...to 后接动词原形,故选 B。
二、句型转换题
where my father
解析:先行词 the factory 是地点,用 where 引导定语从句,从句语序为陈述语序 “my father works”。
if it doesn’t rain
解析:用 if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现”,从句用一般现在时 “it doesn’t rain”。
because she missed
解析:用 because 引导原因状语从句,说明迟到的原因是 “没赶上早班车”。
who/that is
解析:先行词 the boy 是人,从句中缺主语,用 who/that 引导,且从句用现在进行时 “is wearing”。
after I finished
解析:用 after 引导时间状语从句,表 “完成作业后看电视”,从句动作发生在主句前,用一般过去时。
三、改错
去掉 but
解析:although/though 与 but 不能连用,二选一即可,故去掉 but。
去掉 will
解析:if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现”,从句用一般现在时,故去掉 will。
where→that/which 或 去掉 where
解析:先行词 the place 在从句中作 visited 的宾语,需用关系代词 that/which,或省略关系代词,where 是关系副词(不充当宾语),故修改。
so→as
解析:肯定句中 “和……一样” 用 as...as,so...as 用于否定句,故 so 改为 as。
because→that
解析:the reason why...is that... 是固定句型(“……的原因是……”),不用 because,故 because 改为 that。
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