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限制性定语从句
Restrictive Relative Clauses
人教版2019高一英语 必修一
Content
定语从句基本概念
关系代词的用法 (that, which, who/whom)
所有格关系代词 (whose)
关系副词的用法 (when, where, why)
综合练习与小结
定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
核心结构： 先行词 + 引导词 + 从句
例句：
The man who lives next to us is a police officer.
A drone is an aircraft that is operated by remote control.
基本概念：什么是定语从句？
先行词： man, aircraft
引导词： who, that (关系代词)
从句： 对先行词进行具体说明
引导词的两大家族
关系代词：
在从句中充当
关系副词：
在从句中充当
that, which, who, whom, whose
主语、宾语、定语。
when, where, why
状语。
核心关系代词：that
功能： 指人或指物
在从句中充当： 主语 或 宾语
例句：
This is a book that interests a large number of people. (指物，作主语)
He is a man (that) you can safely trust.
(指人，作宾语，可省略)
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
(指物，作宾语，可省略)
核心关系代词：which
功能： 指物 或 动物
在从句中充当： 主语 或 宾语
例句：
The bus which has just left was the last one today.
(作主语)
The fish (which) I bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，可省略)
核心关系代词：who / whom
功能： 指人
在从句中who: 作主语
whom: 作宾语 (口语中可用who代替或省略)
例句：
The expert who visited our class is from Canada. (作主语)
The one (who/whom) we are talking about is a scientist.
(作宾语，可省略)
This is the teacher to whom I referred.
(作宾语，介词后只能用whom)
关系代词的省略原则
重要规则： 关系代词 (that, which, who/whom) 在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。
对比例句：
作主语 (不可省)：The man who called me is my brother.
作宾语 (可省)：The man (who/whom) you saw is my brother.
所有格关系代词：whose
功能： 表示“...的”
先行词： 人 或 物
在从句中充当： 定语 (后必须接名词)
例句：
She is the girl whose brother is studying abroad. (指人)
The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物)
He has written a book whose name I've forgotten. (指物)
关系副词引导的定语从句
功能： 关系副词在从句中充当状语。
核心： 关系副词 = 介词 + which
种类： when, where, why
关系副词：when
先行词： 表示时间的名词 (day, time, year等)
含义： when = on/in/during which
例句：
I'll never forget the day when we first met.
Do you remember the time when we visited Xi'an
关系副词：where
先行词： 表示地点的名词 (place, hotel, town, country等)
含义： where = in/at which
例句：
This is the place where we first met.
I recently went back to the town where my father was born.
I'd like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.
关系副词：why
先行词： 通常只有 reason
含义： why = for which
例句：
That's the reason why he missed his bus.
This wasn't the reason why I left.
总结：关系词的选择
看先行词： 人？物？时间？地点？原因？
看从句成分： 缺主语/宾语？缺状语？
选择关系词：
缺主语/宾语 (人)：who/that
缺主语/宾语 (物)：which/that
缺定语 (表所属)：whose
缺时间状语：when
缺地点状语：where
缺原因状语：why
综合练习 (填空)
The scientist _______ discovered this element is famous.
This is the house _______ I grew up.
I remember the year _______ we moved to this city.
Can you tell me the reason _______ you are late
That's the student _______ father is our mayor.
who/that
where
when
why
whose
总结： 关系词是连接主句与从句的桥梁，其选择取决于先行词和从句所缺成分。
预告： 下一讲：非限制性定语从句
谢谢观看！

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