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XB1U5 Working the Land
Using Language 2
Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming
In this class we will:
To know the meanings of chemical farming and organic farming.
To know the advantages and disadvantages of both chemical farming and organic farming.
To master some transitional words or phrases in the text.
To express opinions on chemical farming and organic farming, and write an argumentative essay .
Learning Objectives
Part1 Lead-in
Lead-in: Free Talk
1.What does the farmer do in the field
Spray pesticides.
2.Why does he do that
To fight crop disease
and increase production.
3.What else may farmer do
to make crops grow
artificial fertilisers
natural
fertilisers
Use fertilisers.
Part2 Reading
The text mainly talks about chemical farming and organic farming. ________________ can cause many problems, as an alternative, some people switch to ________________.
Chemical farming
organic farming
What type of writing is this passage
A. Description B. Expository
C. Argumentation D. Narration
Activity1:Read for text type and main idea
A. What organic farming is
B. Why man-made chemical are still used in farming
C. Organic methods for producing rich soil
D. The problems with chemical farming
Para. 1-2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Read the text and then Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Chemical farming
Organic
farming
Thinking
Activity2:Read for Structure
Title
Text type:
Exposition
The _______ and _________ of chemical farming.
benefits
problems
Part 1:
(Para 1&2)
What organic farming is and __________________.
how it keep the soil rich
Part 2:
(Para 3&4)
Part 3:
(Para 5)
The _______and __________of organic farming.
problem
solution/method
chemical farming
organic farming
conclusion
point：
benefits
supporting evidence/details
problems
Activity3:Read for Pros and Cons
33
Who
benefits: fight crop disease & increase production
(Para.1)
problems
(Para.2)
chemical farming (Paras.1-2)
1.kill harmful and helpful
bacteria and insects
2.stay in the soil & water crops animals & humans
(chemical pesticides
& fertilisers)
damage the land
& people’s health
3.fewer minerals and less flavour
chemical
pesticides
chemical
fertilisers
as for
in addition
for example
however
point
benefit
benefit
problem
point
33
Who
Why
Ho
organic farming (Paras.3-4)
benefit 1:
keep the soil reach
and free of disease
Conclusion (Para.5): problem: unable to meet the high
demand for food
1. use natural waste from
animals as fertiliser;
2. change the kinds of crops;
3. plant diverse crops.
attitude:
So there is still a long way to go to
keep both sufficient and healthy.
benefit 2: grow good food without harm
benefits:
(Paras.3-4)
(without chemicals)
for example/instance
33
Who
Why
Ho
benefits: fight crop disease & increase production
(Para.1)
problems
(Para.2)
chemical farming (Paras.1-2)
1.kill harmful and helpful
bacteria and insects
2.stay in the soil & water crops
animals & humans
organic farming (Paras.3-4)
benefit 1:
keep the soil reach
and free of disease
1. use natural waste from
animals as fertiliser;
2. change the kinds of crops;
3. plant diverse crops.
VS.
benefit 2: grow good food without harm
benefits:
(Paras.3-4)
(without chemicals)
(chemical pesticides
& fertilisers)
damage the land
& people’s health
3.fewer minerals and less flavour
Conclusion (Para.5): problem: unable to meet the high
demand for food
attitude:
So there is still a long way to go to
keep both sufficient and healthy.
Use your own words to explain the whole text with the following mindmap.
Chemical Farming
Organic Farming
what
benefits
problems
what
benefits
problems
Author’s Thinking
There is still a long way to find a suitable solution that……
Farming with chemicals, especially chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers
a great way to fight crop diseases and increase production.
Harm both the land and people’s health.
Food: less nutrition, less essential minerals, and less flavour.
Farming without chemicals
makes the soil richer in minerals
keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of chemicals,
avoid damage to the environment or to people’s health.
Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet the high demand for food
around the world.
Activity4:Read for Expression
Para1:however
Para2:for example, not only...but also, in addition, in fact, as for, but,
as well
Para3:as an alternative, for example, also
Para4:also, for instance, for example, but
Para5:therefore
contrast
对比
illustrate
解释
add
补充
cause and effect
因果
introduce a new topic
引入新话题
Activity5:Read for Transitional Words
What kind of writing techniques does the writing adopt in the passage
1) Explanation: explain and make the idea clear (解释说明）
2) Definition : give clear definition or concept (下定义)
3) Examples: give examples to support the ideas（举例说明）
4) Quotation: use someone's words to support the ideas, to tell a fact or a phenomenon, etc, usually with quotation marks (引用证明)
5) Contrast or comparison: 对比
6) Give datas/figures 用数据
......
Activity6:Read for Writing Techniques
Definition
Example
Explanation
Contrast or comparison
What is the author’s attitude towards organic farming
A.Negative B. ambiguous C. objective D. supportive
What is your opinion on chemical or organic farming
Write an anrgumentative passage in the next period.
Activity7:Thinking
Part3 Writing
Topic sentence: In my opinion, _________ farming is preferable to _________ farming because _________________________________.
Point 1: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Point 2: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Point 3: __________________________________________________
(Detail)____________________________________________
Conclusion: _______________________________________________
Decide whether you support chemical farming or organic e up with three main points to support your opinion. Complete the outline below.
Writing Task
What are the pros and cons of chemical farming
pros cons
1. fight crop disease
2. increase production
3. serve the high demand for food around the world
4. machanize and release labor
...
1. long-term use harms both the land and people's health
2. pesticides kill helpful bacteria and insects
3. chemicals stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time
4. make people ill and even cause cancer
5. crops grown with chemical fertilisers grow too fast to be rich in nutrition and have less/reduced flavour
What are the pros and cons of organic farming
pros cons
1.keep soil rich and free of disease through natural means
2. use natural waste from animals as fertiliser
3. put important minerals back into the ground
4. grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health
1. unable to meet the high demands for food
2. greater effort required to farm
3. higher cost of producing food
4. time-consuming
...
develop your outline into an essay
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Transitional/Signpost words function
for example, for instance... 举例说明
however, but, nevertheless,yet... 转折，对比
in addition, additionally, not only..but also, as well, plus, moreover, what's more... 并列，递进
as for, in terms of, when it comes to... 转换新话题
in turn, in fact, thus, then, next... 逻辑顺序
adopt transitional/signpost words to make your essay logic
Write an argumentative essay: Decide whether your group supports chemical farming or organic plete the outline below.
Topic sentence: In my opinion, _________ farming is preferable to _________farming because _________________________________________________________________.
Point 1 :____________________________________________.
(Detail) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
Point 2 :____________________________________________.
(Detail) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
Point 3 :____________________________________________.
(Detail) _________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Writing
1. As far as I am concerned, organic farming is preferable to chemical
farming because of the benefits to the environment and to people.
2. Personally, I hold a view that organic farming is preferred when
compared with chemical farming, thinking that its benefits to the
environment and people far outweigh its disadvantages.
think, figure, find, believe, claim, convince, argue, assume, presume, view, hold, maintain, be in favor of, be opposed to, object to ,oppose As far as I am concerned, …
I am fully convinced that…
What I firmly believe in is that …
Personally, …
I hold the view that …
however；for example, but also..., in addition, in turn, in fact, as for, but, and...as well；as an alternative, for example, also；for instance, also, for example；therefore
explanation；definition; examples; quotation; contrast or comparison; give datas/figures
Sample writing
In my opinion, organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of the benefits to the environment and to people, and because organic food is more nutritious.
To begin with, chemical farming harms the environment. Since chemical pesticides are not found in nature, normal natural processes cannot get rid of them. Instead, the chemicals tend to accumulate in the soil and water, and are absorbed in the food chain, where they poison wildlife and domestic animals.Plus, chemical farming kills not only bad but also good insects and thus damages the land.
This affects us directly, because we end up eating plants, dairy products, eggs, and meat that have high levels of pesticides. Think about it: The purpose of the pesticides is to kill “pests”, that is, to kill insects. Something that can kill an insect probably is not healthy for a person to eat. While it may be true that the food we eat does not have enough pesticide in it to kill us immediately, over the years this pesticide may cause us health problems or give us diseases such as cancer.In addition, organic food is beneficial to our health, containing much more essential minerals, for instance, vitamins.
Finally, organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man-made chemicals. If you remember a few years ago, there was the case of watermelons literally exploding in the fields because they had been given chemicals to make them grow faster. The reason why they exploded was that they contained too much water, because the farmers had used too many chemicals and the weather was unusually wet. As it turns out, such chemicals are commonly used in farming to grow larger crops more quickly. Do you really want to eat watered-down fruit and vegetables which have been rushed to market They cannot possibly taste as good as organic vegetables, nor can they be as nutritious.What attracts consumers most is its tasty flavour, whereas chemical farming produces food with less flavor and nutrition, which is essential to people.
In closing, I would like to suggest buying organic food. Yes, the price is a little higher, but the small price we pay extra will bring us huge rewards in the end.Therefore, I hold the belief that organic farming brings us more advantages.
(红色: signpost; 黄色: expression)
Writing Techniques
辩论报告(an argumentative essay)
[文体特征]
1．文章短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂；
2．时态常用一般现在时。
辩论报告属于应用文文体之一，同时又具有议论文的特点，是对某个话题的辩论。
该类文章一般分为三部分：
第一部分：开门见山，说明自己的看法或观点；
第二部分：列举支持方的观点及其理由；或列举反对方的观点及其理由；
第三部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。
Assignment
[常用表达]
1. We had a discussion about whether students should be allowed to...
2. I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about whether students should be allowed to...
3. Opinions are divided on this issue./Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
4. Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.
5. People who are against the idea think that...
6. Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to..., but forty percent of the students don't think so.
[实战演练]
最近你所在的英语俱乐部就你市是否应该出台限购私家车的政策进行了讨论。请根据表格内容写一篇英语短文介绍讨论情况并发表自己的看法。
赞成的理由 1. 节约能源,减少污染
2. 缓解交通拥挤
反对的理由 1. 购买汽车是人们的权利
2. 给人们的出行带来不便
你的看法 ……
Sample writing
Recently our English Club has had a debate about whether there should be policies on controlling the purchase of private cars in our city. Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
　 Some students support it. They say nowadays a large number of people own private cars, which has caused many problems, such as air pollution, traffic jams and an increase of energy use. There is no doubt that controlling the number of private cars will help solve these problems.
However, others think differently. They argue that they have the right to buy cars. What's more, if they don't have their own cars, it isn't convenient for them to go out, whether for work or travel.
　 As for me, I agree with the former. In fact, we can use other forms of transport like buses, subways and bicycles.　
Thank you

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