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Unit4
NATURAL DISASTERS
Look and discuss
1 What’s going on in this photo
2 What kinds of natural disasters can you think of
In this unit, you will
1 read about natural disasters.
2 listen to news reports about natural disasters
and discuss disaster safety measures.
3 write a summary.
4 learn about disaster relief work.
Live to Tell: Raising Awareness,Reducing Mortality.
—United Nations International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction (2016)
UNIT4 NATURAL DISASTERS
目录
contents
01
WORDS
02
Listening and Speaking
03
Reading and Thinking
05
Reading for Writing
04
Listening and Talking
06
Assessing Your Progress
part 01
WORDS
words
disaster n. 灾难；灾害
tornado n.（pl. -oes or -os）龙卷风；旋风
drought n. 旱灾；久旱
landslide n. （also landfall）（山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
slide vi. & vt.（slid, slid）（使） 滑行；滑动
tsunami n. 海啸
flood n. 洪水；大量vi. 淹没；大量涌入vt. 使灌满水；淹没
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
magnitude n. 震级；重大
rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
damage vt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏；损失
destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出vi. 撤离
helicopter n. 直升机
death n. 死；死亡
affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护vt. 保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
crack n. 裂纹；裂缝vi. & vt. （使）破裂
gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
percent n. 百分之......adj.& adv.每一百中
brick n. 砖；砖块
metal n. 金属
shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. （使）震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
electricity n. 电；电能
trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱
bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
WORDS
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
revive vt. & vi. 复活；（使）苏醒
revival n. 振兴；复苏
effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体
wisdom n. 智慧；才智
context n. 上下文；语境；背景
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
volcano n.（pl. -oes or -os）火山
erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt. 供应；供给
typhoon n. 台风
in the open air 露天；在户外
hurricane n. （尤指西大西洋的）飓风
survive vi. 生存；存活vt. 幸存；艰难度过
power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
pipe n. 管子；管道
whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声vt. 吹口哨n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静
aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资vi. & vt.帮助；援助
kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit 急救箱
on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车；碰撞
sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
wave n. 海浪；波浪vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
strike vi. & vt.侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
delivervt. & vi. 递送；传达vt. 发表
summary n. 总结；概括；概要
effect n. 影响；结果；效果
length n. 长；长度
WORDS
Ecuador 厄瓜多尔（国家名）
Memphis 孟菲斯（美国城市）
Alberta 艾伯塔省（加拿大省份）
Colombo 科伦坡（斯里兰卡首都）
Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡（国家名）
Indonesia 印度尼西亚（国家名）
Thailand 泰国（国家名）
Malaysia 马来西亚 （国家名）
Sumatra Island 苏门答腊岛
Chandra Theeravit 钱德拉·特拉维
part 02
Listening and Speaking
Report natural disasters
Do you know what these disasters are
earthquake tornado wildfire drought
landslide tsunami flood volcanic eruption
Get ready to travel
Question Type of information Answer
1 What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador number
2 How many people were killed or injured in Ecuador number
3 Where are the floods position
4 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area incident
5 When did people see the tornado in Memphis time
6 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul type
7 What caused the landslide in Seoul cause
Get ready to travel
Get ready to travel
Good morning. Today is 13 May.A powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richterscale hit Wenchuan,China ,at 14:28 on Monday, 12 May.The quake has caused a tragic loss of life, with atat least 8500 people killed so far.
Rescue efforts are underway at full speed. Medical teams are on the scene, treating the injured with urgency.Troops have been dispatched to help with search and rescue operations, using specialized equipment. Volunteers, filled with compassion, are also lending a hand, offering various assistance,from food and water to emotional support.
Get ready to travel
Good morning. Today is 5 May.Last week, awildfire broke out in Alberta,Canada, on May 1.The destructive blaze has so far destroyed 2,400homes, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. To ensure safety, nearlyin 88,000 people have been evacuated from the affected areas.
Hundreds of brave firefighters have arrived at the scene, working tirelessly to combat the fire. In addition to ground-based efforts, planes and helicoopters have been deployed to assist in the firefighting operations.
Thakfully, as of now, there have been no reports of deaths or injuries, which is a small comfort in this otherwise dire situation.
Get ready to travel
In May, heavy rainfall lashed Colombo, Sri Lanka, triggering severe floods that have brought great distress to the local community.
As of now, the floods have claimed the lives of 18 people, casting a shadow of grief over the region. Moreover, about 500,000 individuals have been affected, their lives disrupted as they struggle to cope with the aftermath of the disaster. Many have been forced to flee their homes, seeking safety from the rising waters.
In response to the crisis, rescue teams have been working around the clock. They have been providing essential supplies such as food and clean water to those in need, ensuring that the affected population has access to basic necessities. The government has also stepped up, setting up shelters to offer a temporary haven for the displaced. These shelters are equipped with the necessary facilities to meet the immediate needs of the flood victims, providing them with a sense of security during this difficult time.
part 03
Reading and Thinking
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
唐山
生物多样性减少
有关学者估计，世界上每年至少有5万种生物物种灭绝，平均每天灭绝的物种达140个，估计到21世纪初，全世界野生生物的损失可达其总数的15%~30%。
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days,the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks thatappeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickensand even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran outof the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loudnoises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.
Reading
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away inBeijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres longand 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock becamerivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the peoplewho lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. Thenumber of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the citywas destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of itshomes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumnleaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe tocross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled thewells instead of water. People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another bigquake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricitywere hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
Reading
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshanto dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, withgreat improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Reading
huge disaster during the earthquake
bad outcomes after the earthquake
rescue operations after the earthquake
after-earthquake rebuild of Tianshan
废墟 石块、砖块 困住 掩埋
Reading
in ruins
in shock/desperated
electricity
bricks
buried
breathing
trapped
Reading
1For several days,the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks thatappeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickensand even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran outof the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. They were,because they are unnormal things that doesn’t happen in times.
2People began to rebuild new home beyond the ruins.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.
3Medical care,water and food.
Reading
1. Key Factors That Helped the Reconstruction of Tangshan City
The reconstruction of Tangshan (after the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake, which killed over 240,000 people and destroyed 90% of buildings) was driven by four core factors:
Strong national support: The central government immediately mobilized nationwide resources—including troops for rescue and disaster relief, construction teams from across China, and supplies like steel, cement, and food—to lay the foundation for reconstruction.
Scientific planning: Planners avoided repeating the "low - resistance" architectural flaws of the old city. They adopted earthquake - resistant design standards (e.g., reinforced concrete structures) and optimized urban layout (e.g., separating residential, industrial, and commercial areas) to enhance long - term safety and functionality.
Local resilience and unity: Tangshan residents, despite severe losses, showed strong collective will. They participated in self - rescue, temporary shelter construction, and later in urban reconstruction, forming a "Tangshan spirit" of perseverance.
Policy continuity: Reconstruction was not a short - term project but a long - term effort. For decades, policies focused on industrial recovery (Tangshan was a key industrial base) and livelihood improvement (e.g., rebuilding schools, hospitals, and housing), ensuring steady urban revival.
Reading
2. Similar Cities/Towns and Lessons Learned
Cities/Towns with Similar Post - Disaster Reconstruction Experiences
Wenchuan, China: After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (magnitude 8.0), it received targeted support (e.g., "pair - to - pair" assistance from other provinces) and reconstructed with a focus on combining disaster prevention, ecological protection, and rural revitalization (e.g., developing earthquake - themed tourism while restoring farmland).
Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan: After the 1945 atomic bombings, these cities reconstructed by prioritizing peace education (e.g., Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park), adopting strict urban planning (e.g., widening roads to prevent fire spread), and leveraging international aid to rebuild industries.
Christchurch, New Zealand: After the 2010–2011 earthquakes (which damaged 80% of central buildings), it reconstructed with "green and smart" concepts—using sustainable materials, building earthquake - resistant public facilities, and restoring historical landmarks (e.g., ChristChurch Cathedral) to preserve cultural identity.
Reading
Key Lessons from These Reconstruction Events
1. Disaster prevention should be integrated into long - term planning: Reconstruction is not just about "restoring what was lost" but building a "more resilient city." For example, Tangshan and Wenchuan’s adoption of strict earthquake - resistant standards shows that "prevention in construction" is more effective than post - disaster rescue.
2. Balance national support with local characteristics: National resources (funds, teams) provide a "safety net," but reconstruction must respect local conditions. For instance, Wenchuan combined disaster recovery with ethnic culture protection (it is home to Qiang and Tibetan minorities), while Christchurch preserved its historical style instead of building a completely new city.
3. Prioritize people’s livelihoods and mental health: Beyond physical reconstruction, attention to residents’ well - being is critical. Tangshan rebuilt schools and hospitals first to resume basic services; Hiroshima and Nagasaki established psychological counseling centers to help survivors cope with trauma.
4. Resilience requires long - term investment: Reconstruction is not a one - time task. Tangshan’s industrial recovery took over 20 years, and Christchurch’s urban renewal is still ongoing. Sustained policy support and resource input are necessary to avoid "short - term recovery and long - term stagnation."
part 04
Listening and Talking
Answer
Talking
Safety Instructions for a Typhoon
1. First, you should stay calm and keep a clear mind—panic can lead to wrong decisions that put you in danger. Avoid spreading or believing unconfirmed rumors about the typhoon’s path or intensity.
2. Then, make sure to stay indoors and lock all doors and windows tightly. Reinforce weak parts of your home (like glass windows) with tape or wooden boards to prevent them from breaking due to strong winds.
3. Do not drive or walk outside during the typhoon. Strong winds can blow down trees, billboards, or power lines, and heavy rain may cause flooding or landslides—these pose serious threats to pedestrians and drivers.
4. Next, move valuable items and electrical appliances away from windows or low - lying areas. If there is a risk of flooding, elevate furniture, documents, and electronic devices to avoid water damage.
Talking
5. Also, prepare an emergency kit in advance and place it in an easy - to - reach spot. The kit should include drinking water, non - perishable food (like biscuits), a flashlight, batteries, a first - aid kit, and a fully charged mobile phone.
6. If you live in a low - lying, flood - prone area or a fragile building (such as a temporary shed), follow the local government’s evacuation instructions immediately. Do not refuse to evacuate to “protect your property”—your safety is the top priority.
7. During the typhoon, avoid touching electrical switches, sockets, or power cords if your hands are wet or if there is water in the room. If the power goes out, use a flashlight instead of candles to prevent fire hazards.
8. Finally, after the typhoon passes, do not rush to go outside immediately. First, check whether the surrounding environment is safe—look out for fallen power lines, unstable buildings, or hidden puddles (which may have electric current). Wait for the official announcement that it is safe to go out before leaving your home.
Talking
The kit should include drinking water, non - perishable food (like biscuits), a flashlight, batteries, a first - aid kit, and a fully charged mobile phone.
Power&Communication supplies Personal protection&Warmth Practical Tools&Supplies
spare batteries sturdy shoes&gloves Multi_tool&supplies
portable power bank warm clothing&blankets water purification tablets/filter
emergency contact list face masks&hand sanitizer Cash
Talking
part 05
Reading for Writing
Reading for Writing
The Daily News
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA:OVER 6,500 DEAD
By Robert Woodhouse Monday ,27 December 2004
Reading for Writing
The most powerful earth-
quake in the past 40 years
caused a tsunami that crashed
into coastlines across Asia
yesterday, killing more than
6,500 people in Indonesia,
India, Thailand, Malaysia, and
at least four other countries.
Fishermen, tourists, hotels,
homes, and cars were swept
away by huge waves caused
by the strong earthquake that
reached a magnitude of 9.0.
The undersea quake struck
around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off
the west coast of Indonesia’s
Sumatra Island. In that area
alone, at least 1,870 people
were killed.
In Sri Lanka, some 1,600
kilometres west of the quake
centre, the number of deaths
stood at 2,498, and one million
more were affected by the
tsunami, government officials
said. Indian officials said as
many as 1,900 had been killed
along the southern coast.
Another 254 were found dead
in Thailand and 54 in three
other countries. In southern
Thailand, 1,900 people were
hurt and many more were
missing, local officials said.
“I was having breakfast with
my three children when water
started filling my home. We
had to leave everything and
run to safety,” said Chandra
Theeravit, a local Thai woman.
Thousands of people are
still missing, and the number
of deaths is expected to grow
even higher over the next few
days. Foreign aid is being
organised for the tsunami-hit
countries. However, dangerous
conditions and damaged
roads will make it difficult to
deliver food and supplies.
Reading for Writing
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Reading for Writing
part 06
Assessing Your Progress
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