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(共41张PPT)
Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Words and Expressions
人教版2019必修第一册
目
录
Part 1 重点词汇
Part 2 重点短语
Part 3 重点句型
disaster / d zɑ:st (r) / n.灾难；灾害
disastrous adj.灾难性的
disastrously adv.灾难性地
a natural disaster 自然灾害
slide - slid - slid n. 滑梯；滑动；衰落；幻灯片
slide vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动
slide down 滑下
slide into (使)滑入; 溜进；(不知不觉地) 沾染上了恶习
flood /fl d / n. 洪水；大量；大批
vi.淹没；大量涌入；vt.使灌满水；淹没
floods of =a flood of = a number of= numbers of
flood in/into 大量涌入
flood...with… = be flooded with 充满....
rescue / reskju / n. & vt. 营救；救援
come to one’s rescue =go to one’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
rescue ... from ... 把...从...中营救出来
damage / d m d / vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
do / cause damage to...对...造成损害
damage one's health　 　损害某人的健康
death/ deθ/ n. 死；死亡
die v. 死; 枯竭; 消失
dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的
dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的
deadly adj. 致命的; 彻底的; 极度的 adv. 极其; 非常
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
die of…死于…(内部因素）
die from…死于…(外部因素；疾病）
be dying to do sth…渴望做某事
affect [ fekt ] vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
（1）affect sb./sth. ＝have an effect/influence on/upon 影响某人/ 某事
be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动; 受到……的影响
be affected with 疾病 患有...疾病
effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
effective adj. 有效的; 生效的
effectively adv. 有效地
efficient adj. 效率高的
come into effect 生效;见效
bring about effect 产生效果
in effect 事实上
bring/carry/put sth. into effect 实施;使……生效/起作用
have an effect/influence/impact on 对…有影响
= make a difference to
shelter /' elt (r)/ n.避难处；居所；庇护
vt.；掩蔽vi. 躲避 (风雨或...)
defend/protect/safeguard/guard/shield
under the shelter of... 在...的掩蔽下
take shelter from 躲避
shelter from...躲避...
shelter sb./sth. from... 保护/庇护某人/某物（免受...）
set up 设立；建立
set off 出发；动身
set out 出发；动身；开始
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
as if/though 似乎;好像;仿佛
as if /though引导的从句所表示的内容为事实或可能为事实，应用陈述语气
It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.
She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if/as though it’s going to rain.
与过去相反 过去完成时had done
与将来相反 would/could/might/should +动词原形
与现在相反 一般过去时did(be--were)
as if/though 似乎;好像;仿佛
当as if从句表示的是不真实的或不可能发生的情况时，用虚拟语气。
Paul talks about the theory as if he knew everything.
It was John who pressed the button.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
(1)as if/though引导表语从句时常放在look、seem等系动词之后。
(2)as if/though引导状语从句时的用法:
as if 引导的从句的虚拟语气
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
ruin [r n] v. （使）毁坏，破坏; 使破产 n. 废墟 （可数）
（1） be/lie in ruins 成为废墟;毁灭
go to ruin /fall into ruin 破败不堪
bring ...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落
（2）ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/某人
shock [ k] n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. 使震惊
shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
shocking adj.令人震惊的
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是(to one’s +n)
be shocked at/by... 对......感到吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
trap [tr p] vt. 使落入险境；是陷入圈套 n 陷阱；险境
(1) set a trap (for sb./sth.) 设圈套
(2) trap sb/sth in sth 用......捕捉；使困于......
be trapped in/by 陷入; 被困在
trap sb into (doing)sth 诱骗某人(做)某事
trap-trapped-trapped
bury [ beri] vt. 安葬；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
bury... in...　把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
be buried in... = bury oneself in (doing.)... 埋头于；专心于
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有（下面短语可根据情况选择记）
①be absorbed/engaged in　　②be devoted to=devote oneself to
③be lost in =lose oneself in　 ④focus/concentrate on
⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在 ⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on
⑦pay attention to... / draw one’s attention to...
burial n. 埋葬，葬礼
breath / breθ/ n.呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
breathe /bri: / v.呼吸
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地
revive /r va v/ v.复活;(使)苏醒
revival n. 复活；复兴
revive from... 从...苏醒/复活
economic revival 经济复苏
arrive
arrival n.到达
approve
approval n.赞成
survive
survival n.生存；幸存
propose
proposal n.提议；建议
effort / ef t/ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事
with effort 努力地；费力地
without effort 毫不费力
I will spare no effort（make an effort） to finish the homework.
effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的
effortlessly adv.轻松地；毫不费劲地
suffer [ s f ] vt.遭受；蒙受；受苦
suffering n. 折磨；苦难
sufferer n.患病者；受苦者
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
suffer for 为……而受苦
suffer sth. 遭受…… （suffer loss（遭受损失））
supply [s pla ] n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量)补给
vt. 供应;供给
(1) supply sb with sth = supply sth. to sb 向某人提供某物
= provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
= offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
(2) be in short supply 供不应求
supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。
supplier n. 供应商; 供应者
【辨析比较】supply/provide/offer
易混词 区别 搭配
supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意。 supply sb. with sth.
= supply sth.to sb.
provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品。 provide sb.with sth.
= provide sth. for sb.
offer 指主动提供帮助、服务或令 人向往之物等。 offer to do sth.
offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.
survive [s va v] vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
survival n. 生存;幸存
survivor n.幸存者
survive from 从……幸存
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by+时间) A 比B活得长(…)
survive sth. 幸免于;从……中活下来
He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death, but survived the cold winter.
The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.
艰难度过
比……活得长
power [ pa ] n.能力;力量;权力
powerful adj. 强有力的
powerless adj. 无力的
have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政(动作)
be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
in/within one’s power 力所能及
beyond/out of one’s power 力所不能及的
tap [t p] v. 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
Tap/ knock on/at... 轻敲...
He tapped on/at the office door and went in.他轻轻地敲了敲办公室的门，走了进去。
calm adj. 镇定的,沉着的
vt. 使平静,使镇定 vi.平静,镇定 保持镇定
calmly adv.平静地；镇静地
calmness n.平静；镇静
keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静
calm (sb) down 平静下来
aid /e d/ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. 帮助；援助
n. first aid 急救
do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb 对某人实施急救
v. aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人(做)某事
= aid sb to do sth　 帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth　 在某方面帮助某人
hand in 交上；提交
hand out 分发
shake hands 握手
hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联
on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
crash [kr ] v. 碰撞;撞击; 坠毁
n. 撞车;碰撞; 坠毁
crash into...撞上...，闯入…
clash crash crush
clash：差别；冲突；分歧 侧重吵架
助记：la-language
crash：碰撞
助记：aaa！撞车了！
crush：压坏；迷恋
助记：因为是u你，所以迷恋
( swept---swept)
sweep [swi:p] v. 打扫;清扫
sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
sweep over 涌上心头
sweep over/ across/ around 扫视；掠过
=spread/wash/flood over
wave [we v] n. 海浪; 波浪
v. 挥手; 招手
wave sb. goodbye = wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别
wave to/ at sb 向某人挥手
a wave of 一波......，一阵
strike [stra k] vt/vi. 侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
strike sb. on/against/in the+身体部位 击打某人的…
strike... into one’s heart …使某人刻骨铭心
be struck by… 被……打动/迷住/侵袭
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起……
be/go on strike 在罢工
strike - struck - struck / stricken
striking adj.引人注目的，显著的，惊人的
stricken adj. 受灾的；受难的
deliver /d l v (r)/ v.递送;传达;发表
deliver sth to sb.给某人送某物
deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课
have/ get sth delivered 让…送过来
deliver a baby 接生
be delivered of... 分娩……
delivery n. 传达、送达
food delivery/ takeout外卖
summary [ s m ri ] n. 总结;概括;概要
make a summary about… 做总结
in summary= all in all = in a word = in general 总之，总的来说
summarize v. 总结，概括，概述
come to an end 结束；终结
at the end of　　在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止
in the end 最后；终于
come to an end 完成；结束
end up with 以……结束
end up doing 最终在做某事
too+形容词+ to… 太……而不能……
too…to…与not或never连用时，意为：无论……也不为过，越……越好
too+形容词(nervous, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等)+to do sth. 表示肯定意义，意为：非常/很……做某事。
be doing sth. when… 正在做什么事，这时……
be about to do… when…
be on the point to do… when…
had just done…when… 刚做完……这时……
正要做……这时……

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