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Unit 5 Amazing nature
一、单词表笔记
1. on the plateau 在高原上
2. cloud — cloudy 多云的
snow — snowy 下雪的
rain — rainy 下雨的
sun — sunny 晴朗的
shower — showery 有阵雨的
fog — foggy 起雾的
wind — windy 起风的
3. soft — hard 硬的 the soft clouds 柔软的云 soft music 柔和的音乐
4. bright — brightly adj. 光明的 adv. 明亮地
shine brightly 明亮地照耀 smile brightly 灿烂地微笑
sunrise 日出
5. in the sky 在天空中
6. calm adj. 镇静/冷静的
keep/stay calm 保持冷静 in a calm voice 用一种平静的声音
n. 平静 the calm of library 图书馆的宁静
v. 冷静 calm down 冷静下来
eg: The music can make me calm down when I feel stressed (压力大的).
7. above (不接触的，在上方) → below (在下方)
on (接触的，在上面)
over (正上方) → under (正下方)
8. express v. 表达； adj. 特殊的 express train 特快列车； n. 快递服务
eg: express feelings / ideas / oneself 表达感情/想法/自我
We should express ourselves bravely to our parents. 我们应该勇敢地向父母表达自己。
She expressed her love for music. 她表达了对音乐的热爱。
9. through (穿过内部) city, forest, window, door, tunnel(隧道), valley(峡谷), clouds, city
across (穿过表面) street, road, field, grassland, river, bridge
over (从上方越过) hurdles, wall
go past / by 经过
run through 穿过；快速浏览；反复看
10. present
① n. 礼物 = gift；现在 at present 目前
② adj. 现在的 the present situation (情况)；出席的
be present at 出席；be absent from 缺席
③ v. 展示，颁发 present sth. to sb. / present sb. with sth.
11. like prep. 像 — unlike prep. 不像
v. 喜欢 — dislike v. 不喜欢
be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事
eg: He is more likely to win the match. 他更有可能赢得比赛。
12. local art / people / food 当地艺术/人/食物
13. design — designer 设计 — 设计师
14. guide n. 指南，导游手册/导游 / v. 引导，指导
eg: The teachers guided students to the library.
15. describe v. 描述 —— description n. 描述
eg: describe the landscape, view, scenery, sights 描述风景
16. It's common for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很常见。
eg: It's common for students to make mistakes. 学生犯错很常见。
mon adj. 常见的
have sth / nothing in common 有/没有共同之处。
common people 普通人
common sense 常识
18. mountain / Mount 山 / 山峰
19. tide 潮汐 wave 海浪
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
The Qiantang River is famous for its tides. 钱塘江以其潮汐闻名。
20. tour n./v. 游览 tourist 游客
go on a tour / take a tour 去游览/旅游
tour the museum 游览博物馆
21. science → scientist 科学 → 科学家
22. behave → behaviour 行为举止 action n. 行为
23. develop v. 进化，发展，(使)成长
developing 发展中的 → developed 发达的
With the development of ... 随着……的发展
eg: With the development of science and technology, more and more people ...
24. land n. 陆地 / on the land 在陆地上
v. 降落 → take off 起飞
eg: China is a land with many different beautiful places. 中国是一个拥有许多不同美丽地方的国家。
25. loud adj. 大声的/地
loudly adv. 吵闹地(大声地)
aloud adv. 出声地
26. lie
① 躺；位于 lie — lay
lie on the sofa / surface 躺在沙发上/表面上
Hefei lies in Anhui. 合肥位于安徽。
lie in bed 躺在床上
② 撒谎 lie — lied
Don't lie to me. 别对我撒谎。
I must tell him that you are lying. 我必须告诉他你在撒谎。
27. little — less — least + than (修饰不可数名词，表示“少”或“小”)
few — fewer — fewest + than (修饰可数名词复数，表示“少”)
eg: It's hotter today. 今天更热。
= It's less cold today. 今天没那么冷。
28. suggest
v. 暗示，表明
As my name suggests... 顾名思义
建议：suggest doing sth. / suggest (that) sb (should) do sth.
(对比：advise sb to do sth.)
29. such as / like + n. / v-ing 例如…… (列举)
(对比：for example, + 句子)
二、课文短语
Starting out &Understanding ideas(P66-71)
1. be full of = be filled with — 充满...
2. natural wonders — 自然奇观
3. the most beautiful / important — 最美丽 / 最重要
4. think of — 想起、考虑、认为
5. famous works — 著名的作品
6. share sth. with sb. — 与某人分享某物
(P68-71)
1. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau — 青藏高原
2. be famous for... / be famous as ... — 因为...而闻名 / 作为...而闻名
3. the world's highest mountain — 世界上最高的山
4. meet your eyes / meet one's need — 映入你的眼帘 / 满足某人的需求
5. shine brightly (shine-shone) — 闪闪发光
6. white lotus flowers — 白莲花
7. a calm feeling — 一种心平气和的感觉
8. be like... — 像
9. above the plateau — 在高原上
10. express my love — 表达我的爱
11. a hundred kinds of ... / a kind of / all kinds of — 一百种 / 一种 / 各种各样
12. run through — 穿行...
13. be quieter than — 比...更安静
14. fewer shops — 更少的商店
15. the best present/gift — 最好的礼物
16. in my heart — 在我的心里
17. be better than (good/well-better-best) — 比...更好
18. any other place — 其他任何一个地方
19. be proud to do — 骄傲地做某事
20. one of + 最高级 — 最...之一
21. be likely to do sth — 有可能做某事
22. a travel diary — 一本旅行日记
23. local life — 当地生活
24. a designer’s guide — 一本设计师指南
Presenting ideas(P73-75)
1. learn about — 学习关于
2. at natural history museum — 在自然历史博物馆
3. last from...to... — 从...持续到...
4. all over the world — 全世界
5. free guided tours — 免费的导游服务
6. breathe air — 呼吸空气
7. In the dry / rainy season — 在旱季 / 在雨季
Reading for writing(P76-78)
1. research on sth. — 关于...的调查
2. develop from fish — 从鱼进化而来
3. cut it into harf — 把它切成两半
4. The Dead Sea — 死海
5. be dead — 死的
6. in fact — 事实上
7. have got — 有
8. be saltier than... — 比...更咸
9. lie on my surface (lie-lay) — 躺在我的表面上
10. flow into — 流入、汇入
11. too much+Un / too many+Cn 复 — 太多
12. water level — 水位
13. go down — 下降
14. year by year — 逐年地
15. less water (little-less-least) — 更少的水
16. dry up — 干涸
17. within the next 100 years — 在未来 100 年内
18. as the name suggests (suggest doing sth.) — 顾名思义 / 建议做某事
19. make rain — 造雨
20. such as — 比如
21. cut down trees (cut-cut) — 砍树
22. make space for... — 为...腾出空间
23. turn into... — 变成
24. the best choice — 最好的选择
25. climate change — 气候变化
三、Grammar 形容词和副词
一、形容词用法
1. 基本用法
① 放在名词或代词前，作定语。
eg: a beautiful flower
② 放在enough前 (enough放名词前，形容词/副词后)。
eg: a book good enough
③ 放在不定代词后，作后置定语 (不定形)。
eg: something important
④ 放在系动词后，作表语 (主+系+表)。
eg: She is smart.
The cat looks cute. (感官动词)
⑤ ed结尾的形容词(人感到……)，主语一般是人。
eg: excited 激动的
ing结尾的形容词(令人感到……)，主语一般是物。
eg: exciting 令人激动的
2. 特殊句型
① It's + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
eg: It's important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。
It's kind of you to help the old man. 你帮助那位老人真是太好了。
② sb. think / find it + adj. to do sth. 某人认为/发现做某事怎么样。
eg: I think / find it useful to read more books. 我认为/发现多读书很有用。
3. 多个形容词顺序
口诀：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。 (品质特征/大小长短高低/形状/新旧/颜色/国家地区出处/材质/用途)
注意：有些词与形容词序可调换。
friendly (友好的) / lovely (可爱的) / lonely (孤独的) / daily (每天的) / weekly / monthly / yearly / motherly (如母亲般的) / ugly (丑的) / silly (愚蠢的) / lively (生动活泼的) / likely (有可能的) / deadly (致命的)
二、副词用法
1. 用法：修饰句子/副词/形容词/动词（助记：累副形动）
eg:
① Luckily, I achieved my dream in the end. (修饰句子)
② He runs very fast. (修饰副词)
③ You are quite right. (修饰形容词)
④ She speaks English well. (修饰动词)
2. 分类
① 时间副词(句首/句中) eg: now, today, tomorrow, yesterday
② 地点副词(一般放句尾) eg: here, there, down, up, inside, outside
③ 方式副词(一般放动词后面) eg: simply, closely, slowly, carefully, never
④ 频度副词(be/助/情态动词后，实义动词前) eg: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever
⑤ 程度副词(形/副/实义动词前) eg: rather, pretty, quite, very, too, so
⑥ 疑问副词(句首) eg: where, when, why, how
3. 变化规则
① 规则变化：adv. = adj. + ly eg: carefully = careful + ly
② 辅音字母加y结尾，把y变成i，再加ly eg: lucky → luckily
③ 以le结尾的单词，去e，再加ly eg: simple → simply
④ 有些词既可作形容词，也可作副词 eg: fast, early, late, hard等（迟早快努力）
⑤ good的副词是well
三、形容词/副词比较级及最高级
1. 变化规则
① 规则变化
1. 直接 + er / est eg: fast — faster — fastest
2. e 结尾，+ r / st eg: late — later — latest
3. 辅音字母加 y 结尾，改 y 为 i 加 er / est eg: busy — busier — busiest
4. 辅元辅重读闭音节，双写尾字母，加 er / est eg: big — bigger — biggest
5. 多音节和部分双音节，adj.前加 more / less (较) eg: careful — more careful — most careful
② 不规则变化
两好：good / well — better — best
两坏：bad / badly — worse — worst
两多：many / much — more — most
一少：little — less — least
两远：far — farther — farthest (距离) / further — furthest (程度)
两老：old — older — oldest (年纪) / elder — eldest (长幼)
2. 用法句型
① 原级（平级比较）
a) as + 原级 + as 和 ...一样 eg: Tom is as thin as Jerry.
b) not + as / so + 原级 + as 不如 ... eg: Lucy is not as tall as Amy.
c) 倍数 + as + 原级 + as 是 ...的几倍 eg: This table is twice as big as that one.
② 比较级（两者之间）
1. 比较级 + than 比……更…… eg: Henry is more careful than me.
2. 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越…… eg: It is getting hotter and hotter.
3. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……就越…… eg: The more, the better.
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
4. the + 比较级 + of the two 两者中更……的 eg: W is the stronger of the two.
③ 最高级（三者及以上）
5. the + 最高级 + of / in / among + 范围 eg: Fiona is the tallest of the three girls.
6. the + 序数词 + 最高级 eg: The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
7. one of + the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 最……之一 eg: Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.
④ 比较级表示最高级
比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 比其他任何一个都更…… eg: Jack is taller than any other boy in his class.
= 比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 eg: Jack is taller than the other boys in his class.
四、注意
① 形容词的最高级前必须加the，副词的最高级前可加可不加the。
② 修饰比较级的词：much, a lot, far, even, a little, a bit。
③ The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Beijing.
The teachers in SA are younger than those in No.1.
④ This is the best cake (that) I have ever eaten. = I have never eaten a better cake.

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