Unit 1 单元备课重点单词和词组解析 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

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Unit 1 单元备课重点单词和词组解析 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

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沪教版牛津8下unit1英语单词表备课材料
一、核心单词讲解
1. elderly
词性: adj.
词义: 年老的;上了年纪的
近义词: old, aged
反义词: young, youthful
词性转换: the elderly(老年人,集合名词)
常见搭配: elderly people;care for the elderly
例句: Many elderly people enjoy doing voluntary work in their spare time.
2. offer
词性: v. / n.
词义: (主动)提供;提议
近义词: provide, give
反义词: refuse, reject
词性转换: offering (n.) 提供物
常见搭配: offer to do sth.;offer help
例句: She offered to take photos for the sick child.
3. serious
词性: adj.
词义: 严重的;严肃的
近义词: severe, grave
反义词: minor, light(轻微的);funny(滑稽的)
词性转换: seriously (adv.);seriousness (n.)
常见搭配: a serious illness;be serious about
例句: He has a serious disease and needs to stay in hospital.
4. disease
词性: n.
词义: 疾病
近义词: illness, sickness
反义词: health, wellness
常见搭配: suffer from a disease;catch a disease
例句: Many children in the hospital suffer from serious diseases.
5. cancer
词性: n.
词义: 癌症
近义词: tumor(肿瘤,医学词)
反义词: (无直接反义,可对比“健康” health)
常见搭配: fight cancer;die of cancer
例句: Her uncle is fighting cancer bravely.
6. spirits
词性: n. (pl.)
词义: 情绪;精神
近义词: mood, emotion
反义词: (无直接反义,可用 in low/high spirits 对比)
常见搭配: in high/low spirits;raise one’s spirits
例句: The funny movie raised her spirits.
7. pain
词性: n.
词义: 疼痛;痛苦
近义词: ache, hurt
反义词: comfort, relief
词性转换: painful (adj.)
常见搭配: feel pain;ease the pain
例句: He felt a sharp pain in his leg after the accident.
8. belong
词性: v.
词义: 属于
近义词: be owned by, be part of
反义词: not belong, be separate from
常见搭配: belong to sb.
例句: This book belongs to me.
9. spare
词性: adj.
词义: 空闲的;多余的
近义词: free, extra
反义词: busy, occupied(忙碌的);necessary(必需的)
常见搭配: in one’s spare time;spare room
例句: I often read books in my spare time.
10. volunteer
词性: n. / v.
词义: 志愿者;自愿做
近义词: helper (n.);offer willingly (v.)
反义词: be forced, be required(被迫)
词性转换: voluntary (adj.);voluntarily (adv.)
常见搭配: volunteer to do sth.;a volunteer worker
例句: He volunteered to help at the children's home.
二、核心短语讲解
23. voluntary work
词义: 志愿工作
近义词: community service, unpaid work
反义词: paid job, compulsory work
例句: She does voluntary work at the hospital every weekend.
24. disabled people
词义: 残疾人
近义词: people with disabilities
反义词: able-bodied people
例句: We should always be kind to disabled people.
25. look after
词义: 照顾
近义词: take care of, care for
反义词: neglect, ignore
例句: She looks after her little brother after school.
26. suffer from
词义: 遭受;患有
近义词: be affected by, have
反义词: recover from, be free from
例句: He suffers from a serious disease.
27. cheer somebody up
词义: 让某人高兴起来
近义词: make sb. happy, comfort sb.
反义词: upset sb., make sb. sad
例句: I told her a joke to cheer her up.
28. raise one’s spirits
词义: 提振情绪
近义词: lift one’s mood, encourage sb.
反义词: lower one’s spirits, discourage sb.
例句: The good news raised everyone’s spirits.
29. in low spirits
词义: 情绪低落
近义词: sad, depressed
反义词: in high spirits, cheerful
例句: He has been in low spirits since he lost the game.
30. in order to
词义: 为了……
近义词: so as to, to
反义词: (无直接反义,可表达“无意做” not intend to)
例句: She studies hard in order to pass the exam.
31. in need
词义: 需要帮助的
近义词: needy, poor
反义词: well-off, comfortable
例句: We should always help those in need.
32. flower arranging
词义: 插花
近义词: floral design(花艺设计)
反义词: (无直接反义)
例句: She is good at flower arranging.
33. tidy up
词义: 整理
近义词: clean up, organize
反义词: mess up, disorganize
例句: Please tidy up your room before you go out.
34. in vain
词义: 徒劳
近义词: uselessly, for nothing
反义词: successfully, effectively
例句: He tried to fix the computer, but it was all in vain.

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